Light period with IFRS. Reporting from IFRS - the warehouse is available until the reporting is submitted. Viznannya and pripinennya viznannya

Enter

Due to the ongoing changes in financial information, the procedure for preparation and filing has seen significant changes. The most obvious change in these changes is due to the transition of companies to ISFZ, which is troubling in this world. In many ISFZ regions, the situation has already been stagnant for many years, with the number of companies planning such a transition steadily increasing. Further information about the transition of different countries from national accounting standards to IFRS can be found on the website pwc.com/usifrs for the additional “Interactive map of the transition to IFRS in various countries” (Interactive I FRS adoption by country map).

At the end of the day, a noticeably increased zeal has flowed into the ISFZ of political influences. The situation with Greece, problems in the banking sector and attempts at food and nutrition policies have led to increased pressure on standards providers to make changes to standards, and then to standards that regulate There is a range of financial instruments. It is unlikely that this pressure will not be accepted any time soon. The Board of Directors of the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) is actively working on these issues, so we may consider making new changes to the standards, and this process will continue for a long time. the coming months and future fates.

Accounting principles and principles of IFRS

The IPPC Board may renew the adoption of IFRS and validate the interpretation of these standards.

It is expected that the ISFZ will stagnate enterprises that are oriented towards withdrawing profits.

Financial reports of such enterprises display information about the results of activities, the financial situation and the flow of pennies, the cash for a wide range of investors in the process of making financial decisions. Such investors include shareholders, creditors, hired servants and legal entities. The new set of financial information includes:

• balance (talk about financial formation);
• it’s about aggregate income;
• description of regional policy;
• Notes on financial matters.

The concepts that underpin accounting practice consistent with the IASF are outlined in the “Conceptual Framework for Financial Soundness” published by the IASF Board in the spring of 2010 (hereinafter referred to as the “Concept”). This document replaces the “Basics of preparation and submission of financial information” (“Fundamentals” or “Framework”). The concept includes the following sections:

• Purposes of preparing financial information for the general purpose, including information about economic resources and business requirements that arise.
• The business that is called (changes are made before the section).
• Clear characteristics of valuable financial information, and the veracity and truthfulness of the information presented, as well as expanded clear characteristics to include complexity, verifiability, originality and visibility leaf.

Other sections of the “Fundamentals of Preparation and Submission of Financial Information”, issued in 1989 (no changes have been made to the document), include the following:

• fundamental assumptions, the principle of non-interruption of business activities;
• elements of financial reporting, including assessments of the financial sector (assets, liabilities and capital) and assessments of business results (income and expenses);
• recognition of the elements of financial information, including the reliability of future benefits, the reliability of valuation and recognition of assets, liabilities, income and expenses;
• assessment of elements of financial viability, including nutritional assessment of historical performance and alternative options;
• the concept of capital and increasing the value of capital.

Prior to the sections of the Concept being amended, the IASF Board issued a draft standard for financial reporting and a document for discussion on other sections of the Concept, including elements of financial reporting, knowledge and advanced recognition, relations between capital and demands, assessment, submission and disclosure of information , fundamental concepts (such as business model, integrity of business, continuity of business operations and capital reduction).

Pershe zastosuvannya ISFZ – IFRS 1

When transitioning from national accounting standards to IFRS, an enterprise may be subject to the benefits of IFRS 1. This standard will be consolidated until the first financial information of the enterprise is formed. but in accordance with IAS 34 “Intermediate Financial Relevance” » for the part of the period that is covered by the first financial news of the ISFZ. The standard is also stagnated before enterprises with “repeated first stagnation”. The main benefit lies in the permanent suspension of all ISFZs that were in force on this day. However, there are a number of unavoidable viscosity and viscosity issues related to the retrospective statements of the ISFZ.

These standards adhere to the standards that the Board of the IPSF respects, but their retrospective status may be associated with great practical difficulties or may lead to excessive costs that outweigh any benefit for investors. Permissiveness is not obligatory.

You can get stuck either with all of them, or you can not get stuck with them.

It is not necessary to fuss:

• inform business;
• fair virtuousness as a first-rate intellectual virtuousness;
• accumulated differences when converting to another currency;
• combined financial instruments;
• assets and requirements for subsidiaries, associated companies and related companies;
• classification of previously known financial instruments;
• operations that transfer payments, that are based on shares;
• assessment of the fair value of financial assets and financial liabilities at the initial level;
• insurance contracts;
• reserves for liquidation calls and renewal of stock in the warehouse of the main components;
• orendi;
• concession agreements about the provision of services;
• vitrat na poziki;
• investments in subsidiaries, jointly controlled enterprises and associated enterprises;
• retention of assets transferred by clients;
• repayment of financial obligations with share instruments;
• severe hyperinflation;
• sleeping activity;
• Vitrat for the refurbishment of work.

The blame sticks out to areas in which retrospective stagnation could allow the ISFZ to be considered incomplete.

Let's bring the blame down below:

• appearance of hedge;
• rozrakhunkov assessments;
• application of financial assets and crops;
• non-controlling parts;
• classification and assessment of financial assets;
• the introduction of temporary financial instruments;
• sovereign positions.

Regular information is prepared and submitted on the basis of IFRS. Most of the changes that result from the first ISFZ distillation are recognized in the undivided receipt of the first one filed in the warehouse according to the ISFZ period.

It is also necessary to submit a review for the written articles in connection with the transition from national standards to ISFZ.

Financial reporting – IAS 1

short information

The method of financial information is the provision of information that will be useful to investors after they praise economic solutions. IAS 1 ensures the integrity of the financial reporting of both the financial reporting of the entity in advance and the financial reporting of other businesses. Capacity

Financial strength must be formed on the basis of the assumption of continuity of activity, due to the fallout, if the government intends to liquidate the enterprise, implicate its organizational activity or impede e actions in a similar manner through the availability of real alternatives. Kerivnytstvo combines financial significance with the principle of investment, in addition to information about the value of funds.

There is no established format for financial information. However, the main forms of financial information and notes before them have apparently minimal information requirements. Aid from the IAS standard 1 to contain applications of acceptable formats.

Financial information reveals consistent information for the previous period (historical data), subject to errors, if IFRS allows for any clarification or otherwise.

About the financial situation (balance)

The report about the financial situation is raising the financial status of enterprises at the last hour. In order to ensure that the minimum amount of information is provided, the content can be adjusted to the power of the form, including the possibility of changing the vertical or horizontal format, as well as the classification This information group may be submitted and information may be disclosed mainly Call and notes.

The balance sheet may contain the following statistics:

• Assets: main assets; investment is not important; intangible assets; financial assets; investments that are insured using the share participation method; biological assets; investment of depositable assets; actives from the flow tax for profit; stock up; trade and other receivables, as well as their equivalents.
• Capital: the release of capital and reserves that lie before the authorities of the maternal enterprise, as well as non-controlling parts of the capital, presented in the warehouse to capital.
• Goiter: development of goiter; zobov'yazannya schodo in-line tax on profits; financial duties; reserve; trade and other creditor obligations.
• Assets and assets classified as held for sale: the sum of assets classified as held for sale and assets included up to the group of assets classified as held for sale; requirements included in groups that are classified as held for sale in accordance with IFRS 5 “Long-term assets held for sale and assigned activities”.

Current and non-current assets, as well as short-term and long-term assets, are displayed in addition to the classification groups, with the exception of errors, if the information is submitted, based on the stage information, ensuring reliable and up-to-date information.

Talk about aggregate income

The report on total income highlights the results of the company’s activities for the previous period. Businesses can choose to display this information in one or two views. When displaying information in one report about total income, it is necessary to include all items of income and expenses, as well as every component of other total income, all components that are classified by their nature.

During the preparation of two reports, all components of profit and profit are displayed in the report about profit and profit, followed by the report on total income. It begins with the sum of the profits and surpluses for the current period and reflects all the components of other total income.

Statistics that may appear in the world about profits and earnings and other total income

The section about profits and earnings at the warehouse and about total income must, at a minimum, include the following statistics:

• Vitorg;
• spend on financing;
• part of the profit and distribution of associated enterprises and joint activities, which are insured under the share method;
• spend from taxes;
• the amount of income or profit after taxes due to the activities involved, including profits or profits after taxes, recognized as a result of assessing the fair value for the recovery of expenses on sales (or after income) of assets more groups that vibrate (groups) that become active.

Additional articles and headings are included to this extent, as this is necessary to understand the financial results of the enterprise.

Source statistics

The nature and sum of the daily income items and expenses are clearly revealed. Such information may be provided in the name or in the notes to financial information. Such income/expenses may include expenses related to restructuring; valuation of inventories and availability of basic assets; The accounting of callers was possible, as well as income and expenses, associated with the amount of non-current assets.

Other total income

At the beginning of 2011, the Board of the International Standards of Practice published “Introduction of items of other total income (Amendments to IAS 1)”. These amendments transfer the subsection of items of other total income to those that will later be reclassified to profit and surplus, and those that will not be reclassified. The effect of these amendments is expanded during the current periods, which begin on June 1, 2012 and after that date.

The enterprise may provide information about the adjustment at the time of reclassification of components of other total income.

An enterprise can assign components of other aggregate income to either (a) for the identification of taxable effects, or (b) for similar influx effects from the presentation of the aggregated income of these items in a fixed amount.

About changes in capital

The following statistics are displayed in the news about changes in capital:

• The total total income of the period shows, in addition to the sums, that are available to the authorities of the maternal enterprise of the place and to non-controlling parts;
• for the skin component of capital, the effect of retrospective stagnation or retrospective restructuring, the findings are consistent with IAS 8 “Regional policy, changes in accounting estimates and amendments”;
• for the skin component of the animal capital, the balance sheet is calculated at the beginning and at the end of the period, with additional restrictions on changes and preparations:
  • stattami pributku chi zbitka;
  • articles of other aggregate income;
  • operations with hair-bearing plants, which operate at this core, with the sequential transformation of deposits, formed by hair-bearing enterprises, and division into the bark of hair-bearing enterprises, as well as changes in the parts of participation in subsidiaries, but not lead to loss of control.

The enterprise may also pay the amount of dividends, determined as payments to the shareholders during the period, and the same amount of dividends at the rate of distribution per share.

Sounds about the Rukh Koshtiv

The information about the ruins of kosti can be seen in the adjacent section dedicated to the IAS 7 aspects.

Notes to financial information

Notes include an unknown part of financial information. Notes include information that provides additional information about the amounts disclosed in other forms of information. They include a description of the regional policy, as well as relevant estimates and estimates, disclosure of information about capital and financial instruments that transmit requirements for purchases classified as capital.

Regional policy, changes in accounting estimates and amendments – IAS 8

The acceptance of the stagnant situation in the regional policy is likely to stagnate to the specific minds of its activities. However, in some situations, standards make choice possible; There are also other situations in which the International Standards of Practice do not provide inclusions in accordance with the order of appearance. In such situations, the policy may reverse the relevant regional policy independently.

Kerivnitstvo, based on its professional judgment, breaks up and stagnates the regional policy by ensuring the removal of objective and reliable information. Reliable information has the following characteristics: truthfulness of statements, priority of place over form, neutrality, generality and repetition. Given the variety of IFRS standards and their interpretations, which may be valid in specific situations, we may consider the possibility of compromising the principles transferred by IFRS to achieve similar ones. or similar products, and only then look at the values, recognition criteria, asset assessment methodologies, requirements , income and expenses, established in “Conceptual ambushes of financial information”. In addition, care can be taken to respect the remaining important bodies of other bodies that develop standards in the field, other additional literature dedicated to the accounting field, as well as the practice adopted in Galusia, since it is not superb to understand ISFZ logs.

The regional policy must be consistent for similar operations and similar ones (without exception, if any standard allows or specifically requires something else).

Changes in regional policy

Changes in regional policy related to the adoption of the new standard are subject to the transitional provisions (as it turns out) established within the framework of this standard. If a special procedure for the transition is not specified, a change in policy (mandatory or voluntary) is reflected retrospectively (to help adjust the entry surpluses), subject to failures, if not possible.

Release of new/revised standards that have not yet gained traction

Make sure that standards are published before they are finalized. Until this date, the certificate reveals to the financial world the fact that there is a new/revised standard that is subject to business activity, releases, and not yet gaining rank. It is also necessary to disclose information about the possible influx of the first stagnation of the new/revised standard for the financial strength of the company based on available data.

Changes in accounting estimates

The enterprise periodically reviews accounting estimates and recognizes changes in them for additional perspective reflection of the results of changes in estimates of the warehouse income or surplus for the period in which they are accounted for (the period in which case There have been changes in estimates and the coming world periods), due to these outbursts Changes in valuations led to changes in assets, liabilities and capital. In this case, recognition involves the process of adjusting the value of the underlying assets, requiring either capital in the period in which the changes occurred.

Pardons

Damages in financial information may result from incorrect actions or incorrect interpretation of information.

The changes revealed in the current period are similar to those of the earlier periods. The results of the losses of the forward periods, revealed in the current period, are adjusted retrospectively (with the additional adjustment of the incoming indicators, so that the information of the forward periods does not immediately replace the losses), after the fallout, It’s too much to say.

Financial instruments

Introduction, goals and scope

The following five standards are expanding on financial instruments:

• IFRS 7 “Financial instruments: disclosure of information”, the subject of which is disclosure of information about financial instruments;
• IFRS 9 “Financial Instruments”;
• IFRS 13 “Measuring Fair Value”, which provides information about measuring fair value and other useful information for disclosing financial and non-financial items;
• IAS 32 “Financial Instruments: Presentation of Information”, the subject of which is the separation of capital requirements, as well as interconnections;
• IAS 39 “Financial Instruments: Knowledge and Valuation”, which may help to ensure proper recognition and valuation.

The most important goal of the five standards is to establish what is possible in all aspects of the accounting framework of financial instruments, including the separation of capital requirements, interconnections, and recognition , advanced recognition, assessments, hedging and disclosure of information.

Standards cover a wide area of ​​stagnation. This action extends to all types of financial instruments, including accounts receivable, accounts payable, investments in bonds and shares (excluding participation in subsidiaries companies, associations and industrial enterprises), positions and related financial instruments. They will also conclude prior to new agreements for the purchase or sale of non-financial assets (such as foreign goods), for which there may be changes in net rates for additional assets or other financial instruments.

Classification of financial assets and financial liabilities

The method of classifying financial instruments, as defined in IAS 39, means the method of further valuation and the method of adjusting for future changes in valuation.

Prior to the adoption of IFRS 9, the accounting department of financial instruments classifies financial assets into the following categories (following IAS 39): financial assets that are valued at fair value This is the change that appears in the warehouse for profit or surplus; investments that are withdrawn until maturity; positions and accounts receivables; financial assets available for sale. When classifying financial assets, it is necessary to take into account the following factors:

• What are the flows of funds that are generated by a financial instrument, stable or changeable? Does the instrument have a maturity date?
• What are the assets for sales? Why is it important to keep tools out of service until they are worn out?
• What kind of financial instrument is suitable or is it possible to replace the situation with a similar financial instrument?
• What instrument is an instrument on the active market?
• How did the instrument classify into a specific category of recognition?

Financial obligations are assessed for fair value, changes that appear in the warehouse, profits or surpluses, as they are valued as such (depending on different minds), recognized for trading or travel with them financial instruments (subject to the fallout, if a similar financial instrument is a financial asset ) guarantees or as a hedging instrument and work effectively). Otherwise, they are classified as other financial issues.

Financial assets must be valued at a fair and amortized cost according to their classification.

Changes in profitability are displayed either in relation to income and surplus, or in relation to other total income.

Reclassification of transfers of financial assets from one category to another is permitted in certain cases. When reclassifying, it is necessary to extract information from low points. Similar financial instruments and assets that were classified under the fair valuation option as “valued at a fair valuation, changes as shown in the warehouse profit and surplus” do not support the rivers lasification.

Types of main characteristics

Financial instruments include a variety of assets and liabilities, such as accounts receivable, accounts payable, positions, accounts receivable associated with financial leasing, and related funds financial instruments. They are recognized and assessed according to IAS 39, information about them is disclosed according to IAS 7, and information about assessing fair trade is disclosed according to IAS 7. Federal Law 13.

Financial instruments are subject to contractual rights to either withdrawal or payment of funds or other financial assets. Non-financial statistics may be more indirect, not agreed upon by the contract of delivery to future penny flows.

Financial asset is worth it; the contract provides for the right to withdraw funds and other financial assets from another enterprise; The contract provides for the right to exchange financial assets and financial obligations with another enterprise for the minds of potentially profitable enterprises, or as a tool for another enterprise.

Financial obligation – it is a contractual obligation to transfer funds or another financial asset to another enterprise and is required to exchange financial instruments with another enterprise for the minds, potential completely unprofitable enterprises.

A share instrument is an agreement that confirms the right to the excess share in the assets of the enterprise that was lost after the recovery of all its liabilities.

A similar financial instrument is a financial instrument whose value is determined based on the reference price and the price index; You need small initial investments and don’t need them at all; The breakdown of the future will occur in the future.

Financial issues and capital

Classification of a financial instrument by its issuer, either as a requirement (trading instrument), or as capital (private instrument) can be included in the indicators of payability (for example, the ratio of position capital and to power capital) and profitability of the company. This can also be influenced by the expansion of special minds in credit areas.

The key characteristic of the obligation is that, in accordance with the agreement, the issuer is guilty (or otherwise may be liable) to pay the owner of such an instrument the cost or transfer of other financial assets, so that it cannot be lost Whose goiter is this? For example, a bond position, for which the issuer of obligations is required to pay a hundred million, and then repay the bonds of a lot of money, and financial obligations.

A financial instrument is classified as capital if it establishes the right to a share in the net assets of the issuer after all claims have been cleared, or, otherwise, it would seem that the issuer is not in charge of the contract. obligations to pay bills or transfer other financial assets. Initial shares, such as payments, are forfeited at the discretion of the issuer, as well as share financial instruments.

In addition, the following classes of financial instruments can be recognized as capital (with the understanding of such recognition):

• financial instruments with the right of return sale (for example, shares of participants in cooperatives or shares of partnerships);
• instruments (or their related components), which require payment to the owner of the instrument of an amount, a proportionate share of the net assets of the company, unless at the time of liquidation of the company (for example, acts of tions issued by companies based on the established term of activity).

The issuer of financial instruments on the market and shares is based on the essence of the instrument established by the contract, and not on its legal form. This means that, for example, preferred shares that extend redemption, which, due to their economical nature, are similar to bonds, are insured similarly to bonds. Thus, preferred shares that are subject to redemption are classified as liability, and not as capital, regardless of the fact that from a legal point of view there is a stench of the issuer's shares.

Other financial instruments may not be as simple as those above. For each specific type of situation, a detailed analysis of the characteristics of a financial instrument is necessary for certain classification signs, especially with regard to the fact that financial instruments combine elements of both shares and bonds to the instrument. In financial reporting, the trading and private components of such instruments (for example, bonds that are convertible at a fixed number of shares) are displayed alongside (the private component of representations of the conversion option at times of satisfaction in these qualification characteristics).

The display of profits and earnings is based on the classification of the respective financial instrument. So, if a promotion is preferred on a trading instrument, then the coupon is displayed as a percentage of withdrawal. And also, the coupon, which is paid to the discretion of the issuer for an instrument that is viewed as a share, appears as a division of capital.

Viznannya and pripinennya viznannya

Viznannia

The rules of recognition for financial assets and regulations are not complicated. The company recognizes financial assets and obligations at the moment it becomes a party to the contractual agreements.

Pripinennya vyznannya

Assignment is a term that is used to indicate the moment of write-off from the balance sheet of a financial asset. These rules are more complex than usual.

Activi

A company that is the holder of a financial asset can receive additional funds to finance its activities, vikorystya a real financial asset as security or as a main source of funds for which payments will be made to the Borg. IFRS 39 can be used to recognize whether it is a transaction involving the sale of financial assets (which is why the entity considers them to be recognized) or the withdrawal of financing against the collateralization of assets (in this case The enterprise recognizes the size of the crops that have been found).

Such an analysis can be forgiven. For example, it is obvious that a financial asset is written off from the balance sheet after the insane transfer of an independent business to a third party without any additional requirement to compensate for its connection with the risk asset and without preserving the rights to study There is a pribytkovosti. However, the above-mentioned recognition is unacceptable if the asset has been transferred, but, in accordance with the agreement, all risks and potential income from the asset have been lost to the enterprise. However, in many other cases, the interpretation of the favor is complex. Securitization and factoring operations are examples of complex operations, of which hundreds of dollars are written off the balance sheet and will require careful processing.

Zobov'yazannya

A business can choose to recognize (write off from the balance sheet) a financial claim only after its repayment, so that if the claim is paid, canceled or added to the completed line of its deed, and or in case of dismissal of the employer in the event of a claim, he is liable as a creditor or for by law.

Valuation of financial assets and tasks

Extended to ISBO 39, all financial assets and financial liabilities are valued at fair value at first cost (plus expenses for the benefit of each financial asset or financial liability, which is not is insured for fair profit, changes that appear in the warehouse profit or beaten). The fair value of a financial instrument is the price of the asset, so the fair value of the transferred and reaped grapes. However, in some circumstances the price of the item may not represent fair value. In such situations, it is fair to make predictions based on the available data on current use of similar instruments, or on the basis of technical valuation models, which are based on data that is not readily available for market precautions.

The assessment of financial instruments after their initial development is included in their initial classification. All financial assets, after initial recognition, are assessed at fair value, including the position of receivables, as well as assets that are subject to maturity. In the case of blame, the same share instruments are not revalued, the fair value of which cannot be reliably estimated, as well as similar instruments associated with these share instruments, which are not quoted, the rozrakhunki for any reason. and the delivery of these assets will be carried out.

Positions and receivables and investments that mature before maturity are valued at amortized cost.

The amortized value of a financial asset or financial liability is calculated using the effective rate method.

Financial assets available for sale are valued at fair value, in exchange for other total income. In this case, for trading instruments available for sale, the income from the sum is transferred to the profit and run-up rates using the vicoristan method of the effective bet from the profit. Dividends from unit instruments that are available for sale are credited to the earnings and surplus account at the time the owner's rights to withdraw them are established. Accessory tools (including any associated accessory tools that contribute to the product) are priced fairly. Profits and earnings that result from changes in the fair value of hedging instruments for hedging penny flows in or hedging of net investments.

Financial obligations are valued at the amortized rate using the effective rate method, since they are not included in the category of debts that are valued at a fair rate, changes that are shown in the warehouse and profit or surplus. There are problems with the appearance of problems when issuing a loan and financial guarantee agreements.

Financial assets and financial liabilities identified as items that are hedged may require an additional balance sheet adjustment based on the type of hedge (section on the type of hedge).

All financial assets, despite being assessed at fair value, changes that appear in the warehouse for profit and surplus, support the conversion of the value. As soon as there are objective signs that a financial asset has been valued, the signs of surpluses as they are valued are recognized in the report about profits and surpluses.

Related financial instruments included in the main agreement

All financial instruments and other agreements are combined into one agreement. The part of the contract that is a similar financial instrument is called the created similar financial instrument.

The specificity of such an instrument lies in the fact that transactions from penny flows to the agreement change in the same way to independent similar financial instruments. For example, the nominal value of a bond can change overnight with changes in the stock market index. And here we use a similar financial instrument and a stock exchange financial instrument, which is based on a similar stock market index.

Related financial instruments that are not closely related to the main contract are considered and insured as independent financial instruments (as assessed at fair value). Stu, changes that appear in the warehouse for profit or surplus). Such financial instruments are not “closely linked”, since their economic characteristics and risks are not the same as the characteristics and risks of the main agreement. IAS 39 has a number of applications that help to determine whether or not this is the case.

Analysis of contracts for potential use of similar financial instruments is one of the most complex aspects of IAS 39.

The appearance of the hedge

Hedging is an economical operation involving the use of a financial instrument (every similar one), aimed at reducing (partially or externally) the statistical risks that are being hedged. Thus, the type of hedging allows you to change the hour of recognition of income and surplus for a hedged item or hedging instrument in such a way that it would be possible to recognize the income and surplus in the same financial period, from using the method of reflecting the economical essence of hedging.

To establish a hedge business, it is important to ensure that the right minds are trained: (a) on the hedge fund, the hedging entries between the hedging instrument and the qualified hedge item are formally identified and documented (b) on the hedge fund, By using the term hedging it is necessary to demonstrate that .

There are three types of hedging entries:

• hedging of the fair value - hedging of the risk of changing the fair value of the recognized asset, either a crop or a hard solid crop;
• hedging of penny stock flows – hedging of the risk of changes in future penny stock flows associated with a known asset or liability, firm liability or forecasted transaction, marketability which is greater than the highest;
• hedging of net investments - hedging of the currency risk of a part of net investments in foreign activities.

To hedge fair value, the item that is being hedged is adjusted to the amount of income or expenditure that is transferred to the stock that is being hedged. The adjustment is known from the account of income and cash flows, so it is possible to compensate the deriving income or expenses from the hedging instrument.

Income and earnings from the investment hedging instrument, the effectiveness of which has been established, are initially recognized in the stock of other total income. The amount included before the other total income is the smallest indicator of the fair value of the hedging instrument and the item being hedged. There, where the hedging instrument has a higher fair value, the lower value that is being hedged, the difference appears in the stock of profit or loss as an indicator of the ineffectiveness of hedging. Deposited income or expenses reflected in other total income are reclassified into profit or surplus, if the item that is being hedged is included in the income and surplus account. If the hedged item is the forecasted income of the non-financial asset or the requirement, the enterprise may be able to choose how the government policy adjusts the flow income of the non-financial asset or the requirement for the hedged income or cue ball at the time of addition or deprive the representation of hedging income or capital losses and reclassify them The profits are in excess, if the statistics are being hedged, in line with the profit or in excess.

The type of hedging of net investments in foreign activities is carried out similarly to the type of hedging of cash flows.

Revealed information

In the meantime, there have been significant changes in the concept and practice of risk management. To assess the risks associated with financial instruments and manage such risks, new methods have been developed and introduced. These factors, coupled with the current volatility in financial markets, have led to the need to remove more information from each other, ensuring greater visibility of information about There is an understanding of the risks associated with financial instruments, as well as information about how these risks are supported by these risks. Financial experts and other investors need such information to formulate judgments about the risks that may arise as a result of the use of financial instruments and other types of financial instruments. days income.

IFRS 7 and IFRS 13 establish the ability to obtain the information necessary for investors to assess the significance of financial instruments from the point of view of the financial position and financial results of the company, as well as For the understanding of nature, there is a stage of risks that accompany the tools. Such risks include the credit risk, liquidity risk and market risk. IFRS 13 also contains detailed information about the three-tier hierarchy of fair value assessments and some specific information about financial instruments available on the lowest level of the hierarchy.

It is possible, related to the disclosure of information, to contact not only banks and financial institutions. The rules apply to all enterprises that deal with financial instruments, such as simple ones as deposits, receivables and accounts payable, capital and investments.

IFRS 9

At the end of 2009, the IASF Board published the results of the first part of the three-stage project of replacing IAS 39 with the new standard IFRS 9 “Financial Instruments”. This first part is devoted to the classification and assessment of financial assets and financial obligations.

At the beginning of 2011, the Board made changes to ISFZ 9 and changed the date of obligatory stagnation to the standard for river periods, which begin from the 1st day of 2013, to the 1st day of 2015 or after these dates. However, at the end of 2013, the Board of Directors praised the forward decision to further enhance the compulsory compliance with ISFZ 9 and that the date of compulsory compulsory compliance with the standard may be closed until the completion of work on the benefits of merging, classifications and assessments. Pre-stroke application of IFRS 9, as before, is permitted. The implementation of IFRS 9 in the EU has not yet been approved. The government also made changes prior to the transition period, bringing together the current information and distributing new information before the release of information, which will help investors financially It is important to consider the transition to the classification and assessment model up to IFRS 9.

Below is short information about the main benefits of IFRS 9 (in the current edition).

IFRS 9 replaces the multiple models of classification and valuation of financial assets transferred from IAS 39 with a single model that has only two classification categories: depreciated in artistry and fair artistry. The IFRS 9 classification is based on the business model adopted by the entity to manage financial assets and the agreed upon characteristics of the financial assets.

A financial asset is valued at its amortized rate for the consideration of two minds:

• The meta business model is based on the lost financial asset to recover the flows of funds transferred by the contract;
• transfer of the contract flows of funds, including payments of the main amount to the borg and hundreds.

The new standard will likely see the introduction of similar instruments from financial assets. The standard seeks to classify a hybrid (folding) agreement as either an amortized annuity or an equitable annuity, since the flows of funds transferred to the contract do not include payments of the principal amount to the government and other assets. Two of the three main criteria for assessing fair trade cease to be consistent until IFRS 9, since the business model, based on fair trade, transfers credit for fair trade, and days of the agreement, which do not meet the criteria for the penny flows transferred by the agreement, their are strictly classified as representations for fair consideration. The decision to choose the form for fair trade, transferred to IAS 39, is transferred to the new standard - which means that the kerivnitstvo, as before, can classify a financial asset with the coarse recognition as fair trade This is the change that appears in the warehouse for income or packed. This significantly reduces the number of inconsistencies in the image. Upgrading assets to the category of financial assets, which is assessed for fair value, changing the kind of profit and surplus in the warehouse, preserving its harmless nature.

IFRS 9 advocates reclassification from one category to another, due to occasional changes in the business model of an enterprise.

There is a special guide for the instruments connected with the contractual instruments, which are responsible for the credit risk, which often arises in different investment tranches during securitization.

The classification principles of IFRS 9 assume that all mutual investments are subject to fair consideration. However, the administration has the right to make decisions about the presentation of realized and unrealized gains and surpluses, withdrawn from the results of changes in the fair value of share instruments, in addition to those intended for trading, at the warehouse and other total income. IFRS 9 assesses the risk of compromising the complicity of unlisted shares and similar financial instruments, and also ensures that the comparability can be considered as a The assessment of fair value is clear.

The classification and assessment of financial claims up to ISBO 9 has not changed from ISBO 39, although there are differences when an enterprise decides to assess claims fairly I varіstyu, changes that appear in the warehouse for profit or surplus. For such demands for a change in fair value, related to a change in the level of the government's credit risk, they are strictly opposed to the stock of other aggregate income.

Amounts in the warehouse of other aggregate income that are due to the government credit risk are not transferred to the account of income and surpluses from time to time, the recognition of tasks and the sale of such sums. However, this standard allows for the transfer of capital.

As before, in these situations, if similar financial instruments, borrowed from a financial obligation, are not closely linked to the main agreement, the enterprises are guilty of them and are liable Vati okremo under the main agreement.

Foreign currencies – IAS 21, IAS 29

There are a lot of businesses that make deals with foreign customers and buyers, or conduct business in foreign markets. This brings down to two main features of the accounting form:

• Operations of the very enterprise of exchange in foreign currency (for example, those that operate closely with foreign customers and clients). For financial reporting purposes, these transactions are expressed in the currency of the economic medium in which the business operates (“functional currency”).
• The parent company can carry out activities behind the border, for example, through subsidiaries, branches or associated companies. The functional currency of foreign subsidiaries may be different from the functional currency of the parent, and account records may be in different currencies. It would be impossible to sum up the figures, expressions in different currencies, the results of foreign activities and financial indicators translated into one currency - the currency in which the consolidated financial position of the group is reported (“currency submitted no information").

Procedures for overcongestion, which can be caused by the skin due to certain situations, are briefly summarized below.

Change of transactions in foreign currency to the functional currency of the enterprise

A transaction in a foreign currency is reinsuranced to the functional currency at the exchange rate on the date of the transaction. Exposures in foreign currencies are assets that require pennies or sums of foreign currencies that may be held or paid (the so-called penny or monetary balance sheet), reinsurance at the end of the world ode after course for the Qiu date. The exchange rate difference that arises from this method for penny articles is recognized as profit and surplus during the period. Non-monetary balance sheet items that are not subject to fair revaluation and foreign currency expressions are quoted in the functional currency at the exchange rate on the date of the relevant transaction. If a non-monetary balance sheet was revalued to fair value, the exchange rate on the date of fair value is calculated.

Rearrangement of financial indicators in the functional currency in the reporting currency

The asset value is subject to reinsurance from the functional currency at the reporting currency at the exchange rate as of the reporting date at the end of the reporting period. Indicators call for profits and surpluses to be re-insurance at the exchange rate of the country on the date of interest or at the average exchange rate, as a result of approximations to actual exchange rates. All prices at their exchange rate are recognized at the warehouse of other total income.

The financial strength of a foreign company, the functional currency of which is the currency of the country with a hyperinflationary economy, will initially be reinsurance due to the adjustment of changes in purchasing power and conforms to IAS 29. All financial reporting indicators are then converted to the reporting currency of the reporting group at the end of the reporting period exchange rate.

Insurance contracts – IFRS 4

Insurance contracts are contracts in which the insurance company accepts a significant insurance risk from the other side (the insurer), having agreed to pay the remaining compensation if the insurance claim is negative for the insurer. The risk that is transferred under the contract is subject to either an insurance risk or a financial risk.

The scope of insurance contracts is covered by IFRS 4, which applies to all companies that enter into insurance contracts, regardless of whether the company has the legal status of an insurance company or not. This standard does not apply to the formulation of insurance contracts by insurers.

IFRS 4 is an interim standard that continues until the completion of another phase of the IASF project on insurance contracts. It allows companies to continue to base their insurance policies on insurance contracts, as long as the policy meets certain minimum criteria. One of these criteria is that the amount of the claim, recognized by part of the insurance coverage, is subject to testing for the adequacy of the amount of the claim. This test examines precise assessments of all contractual values ​​and associated cash flows. Since the test for the adequacy of the amount of goiter indicates that the identified goiter is inadequate, then the amount of the goiter, which is defective, is recognized from the source about profits and surpluses.

The choice of an insurance policy, disaggregated on the basis of IAS 37 “Reserves, financial assets and financial assets”, is suitable for an insurance company, which is not an insurance company, and in these cases, if adopted accounting principles (GAAP) of the region Do not retaliate against specific requirements for the formation of insurance contracts (or other relevant CSDP requirements only lie with insurance companies).

While some insurers may have the right to continue to use the insurance policy to assess their policy in accordance with the GAAP of their region, the disclosure of information is of particular importance for the implementation of activities related to the structure annuities of insurance contracts. IFRS 4 conveys two main principles for reporting.

Insurers are liable to disclose:

• information that indicates and explains the amounts presented in their financial situation and that arise from insurance contracts;
• Information that allows insurers of their financial information to understand the nature and level of risks that arise from insurance contracts.

Viruchka and contracts for life – IAS 18, IAS 11 and IAS 20

The proceeds are valued based on the fair value of the wine extracted or purified to extract the grapes. Since the essence of the operation is that it includes directly identified elements, the proceeds are calculated according to the skin element of the site, generally based on a fair estimate. The moment of recognition of the hand for the skin element is determined independently according to the criteria of recognition that are considered further.

For example, when selling a product with the assistance of a service provider, the amount of proceeds that are due under the contract, first of all, is responsible for being divided between the element of sale of the product and the element of the provision of services with the service. After that, the revenue from the sale of a product is recognized at the time of reaching the criteria for recognizing revenue for the sale of the product, and the revenue from the provided services is recognized at the same time as reaching the criteria for recognizing revenue for that item.

Vitorg – IAS 18

Proceeds from the sale of a product are recognized when the company has transferred to the buyer the significant risks and benefits associated with the product, and does not take part in the management of the asset (product) in this world, which is associated with it. We have no control, and also if This is due to the high reliability of the company's access to economic benefits derived from the company, and the possibility of reliable revenue and expenditure.

When services are provided, revenue is recognized so that the results of the service can be reliably assessed. Therefore, the stage of completion of the contract is established on a date based on additional principles similar to those established for contracts for everyday life. It is important that the results can be reliably assessed, since: the amount of proceeds can be reliably estimated; There is a high likelihood of economic benefits from entering the company; є the possibility of a reliable determination of the stage of completion, where the agreement is concluded; incurred and recovered to complete the expenditure can be reliably recovered.

• the company bears responsibility for unsatisfactory performance characteristics of the product sold, and such responsibility goes beyond the standard warranty claim;
• the buyer has the right, for the benefit of the minds involved in the purchase and sale agreement, to proceed with the purchase (return the goods), and the company is not able to assess the validity of such an agreement;
• The selection of goods is subject to installation, and their service establishes a significant part of the contract.

The salary income is determined according to the effective rate method. Income from royalties (paid for the acquisition of intangible assets) is represented by the method of incorporation into the agreement during the course of the day. Dividends are recognized in the period in which the shareholder's right of withdrawal is established.

Clarification of IFRIC 13 “Customer Loyalty Programs” clarifies what customers want when purchasing goods and services, for example, within the framework of programs for the desire of air passengers, it is often There will be air travel and customer loyalty programs that are being implemented in supermarkets. The fairness of payments and charges for the sale is divided between the required points and other components of the sale.

Clarification of IFRIC 18 "The Scope of Assets Removable from Buyers" provides clarity on the scope of the main assets transferred to the enterprise by the buyer in exchange for connecting the buyer to its ї measures or giving the buyer uninterrupted access to goods and services, What are they going to do? The IFRIC 18 clarification is most problematic for utility service businesses, but may also be problematic for other transactions, such as where a client transfers ownership of an essential business under its The last part is about recruiting external contractors.

Contracts for life - IAS 11

Work contract is an agreement regarding the work of the object or a complex of objects, including contracts for the provision of services that are directly related to the work of the object (for example, construction on I see it as an engineering organization or design work of an architectural bureau). Call for agreements with a fixed price or “pay plus” agreements. When the amount of profit and loss for labor contracts is determined, the method of determining the completion of the work is used. This means that revenues, expenses, expenses, and profits are generated from the world of business under contract.

If it is impossible to make a reliable assessment of the result of the contract, the proceeds are recognized in the same way as the deduction of expenses incurred is determined; Spending after contract is being spent on spending in the world of their guilt. As there is a high probability of the fact that the hidden amount of expenses for the contract will transfer the hidden amount of income after it, the collection of surpluses will be transferred to the losses immediately.

Clarification of IFRIC 15 "Contracts for the construction of non-early hearing objects" makes it clear to the nutritionist about those standards - IAS 18 "Viruchka" or IAS 11 "Contracts for the construction" - is subject to stagnation before specific operations.

Government subsidies – IAS 20

Government subsidies are shown in financial terms if the company is able to ensure that the subsidies are taken away from all minds and the subsidies will be withdrawn. Power subsidies for the coverage of surpluses are recognized as income and are reflected in the warehouse as profits and surpluses for the period that the daily expenditures that can be compensated are due to the conquest of the company of minds given to the state. ї subsidies. The stinks either change mutually in the amount of regular expenditures, or they stand in a row. The period of recognition in the warehouse of profits and surpluses is due to the removal of all minds and demands transferred to the subsidy.

Government subsidies that accrue to assets are reflected in the balance sheet either by changing the balance sheet value of the subsidized asset or by increasing the income of future periods. In the case of profits and surpluses, the government subsidy is reflected either in the form of changes in depreciation and amortization, or as assets on a systematic basis (extending the line of the cash flow of the subsidized asset) to income.

Operating segments – IFRS 8

It is clear that before the creation of segments, enterprises must disclose information in order to allow financial regulators to assess the nature and financial results of government activities, as well as f economical minds at a glance.

Wanting a lot of enterprises to carry out their financial and government activities with the help of the emerging market of “segmented” data, which is possible until the information is revealed in the stagnation (a) before the enterprises that may dawn Established or quoted on stock exchanges or trading instruments, and (b) to enterprises that are located at the stage of registration or withdrawal of admission to the quotation of trading and mutual instruments on the public market. If a business does not meet any of these criteria, it is likely to reveal segmented data from financial information, the information may be designated as “segmented”, unless otherwise It demonstrates the benefits of the segments presented to the client. Indications are listed below.

The significance of a business's operating segments is a key factor in assessing the level of information that is disclosed across segments. p align="justify"> Operating segments are the components of the enterprise, identified on the platform for analyzing information from internal communications, which are regularly analyzed by the quarryman of the enterprise that receives the operation There are no solutions for the distribution of resources and assessment of the results of activities.

Different segments are separate operating segments and a group of operating segments that require specific representation (disclosure) of segment information. The consolidation of one or more operational segments into a single light segment is allowed (but not obligatory) in the hour of defeating the singing minds. The main reason is the presence of similar economic indicators in operating segments (for example, profitability, price differentials, sales growth rates, etc.). In order to establish the possibility of combining several operational segments into one complex segment, it is necessary to comply with the relevant professional judgment.

For all segments that are being opened, it is necessary to provide information about the assessment of profits or losses in a format analyzed by the senior operational management body, as well as to reveal information about the assessment assets and requests, as well as indicators are also regularly analyzed by the department. Additional information about the segments being disclosed includes revenues taken from clients by category of new products and services, revenues by geographic regions and by position of major clients. iv. Enterprises are responsible for revealing other, more detailed indicators of the activity and availability of resources in different segments, which indicators are analyzed by the enterprise’s manager, who makes operational decisions . The vast sum of the indicators that are revealed for all segments, with data in the main forms of financial reporting is necessary for data on revenues, earnings and surpluses and other financial statistics, translations The authority of which is appointed by the highest operational management body.

Vineyards for Pratsivniki – IAS 19

Representation in the form of wine city for doctors, for the protection of pensions, and folding meals. Most often, the amount required for pension plans is due to established payments and subsistence payments. Goiter is of a long-term nature, and it is important to evaluate it, so it is also difficult to spend it over time.

Payments to workers include all forms of payments made or paid by the company to workers for their work. There are the following types of vineyards for workers: wages (including salary, profit share, bonuses, as well as paid time off work, for example, paid leave or additional leave for service); Additional assistance is available in the form of compensation payments for redundant or short-time staff, and payments after termination of employment (for example, pensions). For workers, the form of payments based on shares is reviewed in IFRS 2 (Chapter 12).

Post-employment benefits include pensions, life insurance and post-employment health care. Pension insurance is divided into pension plans with established contributions and pension plans with established payments.

The recognition and extinction of the sum of short-line forms of the city does not pose any difficulties, since the stagnation of actuarial assumptions is not necessary and discounting does not arise. However, for long-term forms of work, especially those who are required to make payments after completion of employment, there are more complicated tasks.

Pension plans from established contributions

Approaching the payment of pension plans from the installed deposits is simple: the amount of deposits that is used to pay the employer for the current working period is recognized as a waste.

Pension plans with established payments

The transformation of pension plans from established payments is a complex process, and the calculation of the current value of the demand and the calculation of expenses will stagnate with the use of actuarial and diversified estimation methods. The amount of spending that is shown for the period is not necessarily equal to the amount of contributions to pension funds contributed during that period.

The liability recognized in the balance sheet of the pension plan with the established benefits, and the induced valuation of the pension claims for the recovery of the fair valuation of the assets of the plan, adjusted for the amount of non-recognized actuarial gains and accumulated kіv (div. gave a description of the “corridor” principle of knowledge) .

In order to estimate the value of claims for plans from the established benefits, payment estimation models specify estimates (actuarial assumptions) of demographic variables (for example, population density and mortality rates) and financial changes (such as future increases in salaries and expenses for medical care). Then the disbursed amount of payments is discounted to the estimated value using the predictive mental unit method. These developments require the work of professional actuaries.

For companies that fund pension plans with established benefits, plan assets are valued at fair value, as based on market prices, they are insured by discounted penny flows. Assets of the plan are severely limited, and those assets that correspond to the assigned assets of the plan may be insured against the requirement of the pension plan from the imposed benefits, so that the balance sheet shows a net deficit (the responsibility) and surplus (asset) of the pension plan.

Plan assets and claims for the pension plan due to established payments will be re-evaluated on the following date. Information about profits and surpluses displays a change in the amount of surplus or deficit, followed by information about contributions to the plan and payments collected under the plan, as well as about business transactions and revaluation of profits and surpluses. . The revaluation of profits and earnings includes actuarial profits and earnings, income from plan assets (for the amount that is included in the warehouse of net assets for net income or assets within the plan with established payments) and any change inflow to the limit ї value of assets (for vinyatkom sums at the warehouse of net assets for net duties and assets within the framework of the plan with established payments). The results of the revaluation are recognized in the stock of other total income.

The amount of pension loss (income), which contributes to the profit or surplus recognized in the warehouse, is made up of the available components (subject to the addition of withdrawals, if necessary, or their inclusion is allowed in the asset portfolio):

• varity of servants (the varity of the wine town, harvested by active workers during the current period, was established);
• net expenses for pensions (updating the discount for the establishment of payments and the receipt of income from the assets of the plan).

The varity of services includes the “variety of ongoing services”, which is the increased induced varity of the demand for the plan due to the established payments as a result of the services of workers in the ongoing period, the “variety of past services” (types Even to a lower value and including any profit or any zbitok inherited from the sequester) ), as well as any profit or any profit from the rozrakhunki.

Net payments for a net claim (asset) under the plan with established payments are calculated as “a change in the net claim (asset) for the plan with established payments for the period that arises from the regular hour” (IFRS 19, paragraph 8). Net interest income can be viewed as the sum of the collected interest income on plan assets, interest income on claims under the plan with established payments (which establishes a new discount on claims under the plan) and interest associated with the inflow of borders ї amount of assets (IFRS 19, paragraph 19). 124).

Net sums per net claim (asset) within the plan with established payments are insured by multiplying the amount of net claim (asset) within the plan with established payments at the discount rate. In this case, those values ​​​​that were established at the beginning of the river period will be vicorized, with the understanding of any changes in the net income (assets) within the framework of the plan from the established payments that have been made over time the period following the current deposits and payments (IFRS 19, paragraph 123). ).

The discount rate, which is set before any financial doom, is similar to the profitability rate for high-risk corporate bonds (or the profitability rate for sovereign bonds in certain types of ). It is possible to note that the net income from the net income (asset) within the plan with established payments includes the accumulated income from the assets of the plan.

The release of past services is a change in the induced commitment of duties within the plan due to the established payments in connection with the services of civil servants given in the previous periods, which arises as a result of changes in the plan (introduced with payment or change of plan with established payments) or sequestration ( There is a reduction in the number of workers included in the plan). As a rule, the availability of past services may appear in the expenditure warehouse whenever amendments are made to the plan or as a result of sequestration. The income and surpluses for the decommissioning are determined from the report about the receipts and surpluses for the hour of decommissioning.

Explanation of IFRIC 14 “IFRS (IAS) 19 “The limit on the asset value of a pension plan with established payments, the minimum capacity to finance and their mutual relations” places the employee from estimating the amount, which may be considered an asset if the plan is active If the requirements of the plan are outweighed by the established payments, the result is a net surplus. Roz'yasnennaya also explains what kind of infusion can be applied to the asset by requiring the legislator to agree to the minimum amount of financing.

Pay based on shares – IFRS 2

ISFZ 2 applies to all agreements with payments that are based on shares. An agreement for payments based on shares may also mean: “an agreement between a company (either another company of the group, or a shareholder of any company of the group) and another party (including and the European Union), which gives the other party the right to withdraw:

• the total or other assets of the company in the amount, the size of which is determined on the basis of the price (or value) of share instruments (including shares or options on shares) of the company or other company any group, as well as
• share instruments (including shares or options on shares) of the company or other companies of the group.”

Payouts that are based on shares are most widely used in the programs of choice of practitioners, such as options on shares. In addition, companies in this way can pay for other expenses (for example, the services of professional consultants) and acquisition of assets.

The assessment principle of IFRS 2 is based on the fair value of the instruments that are used in the operation. Both valuation and the appearance of wine cities can be difficult due to the need to establish a complex model for the allocation of fair options, as well as the variety and complexity of payment plans. In addition, the standard aims to reveal the great value of information. A company's net income is likely to change as a result of the stagnation of the standard, especially for companies that widely stagnate share-based payments as part of their strategy for the wine-growing industry.

Payments based on shares are recognized as expenditures (assets) during the period during which all payments are due to the transfer for the sake of payment based on shares (so called the period of transfer). Payments based on shares, with the distribution of share instruments, are calculated at fair value on the date of grant of the right to payment for the formation of the company's employees, and the parties who take part from the company are not employees of the company. ї, – for fair value on the date of recognition of the seized assets and service Since the price of goods and services that were taken out cannot be reliably assessed (for example, when it comes to paying for the services of a healthcare worker or in various situations that vary from the exact identification of goods and services), the company will reflects the assets and services for a fair share of the shares of the instruments. Additional care may be taken to ensure that any unidentified goods and services have been removed or recovered before the removal of any unidentified goods and services, which are also at fault. and on shares with a breakdown of unit instruments, revaluation is not subject to revaluation after it has been determined fairly the price on the date of granting the right.

The form of payments based on shares with the distribution of pennies is carried out differently: the company is obliged to pay such a wine to the city for a fair share of the wine taken.

The obligation is re-evaluated for its current fair value on the current date and on the date of death, at which time the fair value is reflected in the earnings and surpluses.

Taxes on profits - IAS 12

MSBO 12 considers food related to the income tax, including the current tax collection and the extension of the tax. The income tax for the period from the current income tax is determined by the taxable income and the income received from the changed tax base, which will be shown in the income tax return. The company recognizes in the balance sheet the inclusion of current expenses with income tax for the current and forward periods between the unpaid amount. Overpayment of the flow tax is collected by the company from the asset warehouse.

Exact taxable assets and claims are assessed in the same amount, which, according to the assessment of the procedure, must be paid to the address of the taxable authorities or withdrawn from the budget according to regular or daily tax rates and legislation what standards. Taxes before payment, insured on the basis of the taxation, are rarely combined with expenses from the tax on profits, insured on the basis of the accounting profit before the taxation. Inconsistencies arise, for example, through the fact that the criteria for recognizing items of income and income, laid down in the IFRS, are modified by the approach of tax legislation to these articles.

The form of sub-submissions of clicks is subject to uncertainty data. The deposited contributions are calculated by time-hour differences between the deposit base of the asset and its balance sheet in financial reporting. For example, if a positive revaluation of a mine was carried out and the asset was not sold, the time-hour difference arises (the balance sheet asset value in financial reporting outweighs the asset value, which is the subordinate base for this asset), which is under I stand for the preparation of a lined subcutaneous goiter.

Subsidiary contributions are closely monitored for all timely losses that arise between the subsumable asset base and their balance sheet value, as reflected in the financial situation, behind the charge. fallout, when time-to-hour differences occur in inheritance:

• primary recognition of goodwill (only for substring filing crops);
• does not contribute neither to the accounting nor to the subcontracting revenues of the initial recognition of the asset (or duty) for the operation, which is not associated with the business;
• investments in subsidiaries, subsidiaries, associates and joint ventures (while retaining young minds).

The deposited assets are required to be insured at the tax rates, the settlement of which occurs during the sale of the related asset or the repayment of the claims, on the basis of the tax rates (and the tax law laws) that were in force on the famous date or were essentially adopted at that time. Discounting of deductible assets and claims is not permitted.

The assessment of tax liabilities and tax assets is usually required to display tax assets that would have been due in accordance with the method by which the company transfers the debt or repays the balance. The totality of these assets and requirements for the end of the world period. The transfer method for releasing the value of land plots from the unsurrounded line of koris vikoristan is a sale operation. For other assets, the method by which the balance sheet value of the asset is transferred (by way of exchange, sale, or combinations thereof) is considered on the same date. Whenever a deposit is required or a deposit is made, the deposited asset arises as a result of the investment mine, as assessed using a different fair value model up to IAS 40, as a matter of fact. The assumption is that the balance sheet value of the investment mine will be released through sales.

Kerivnitstvo recognizes the construction of supply assets according to the current differences in this world, as there is a high level of interest in withdrawing from the upcoming deposited income, which may change There is a difference between these two time periods. This rule will remain in place until the taxable assets are increased until the taxable surplus is transferred to the next day.

The current and accelerated contribution to the income is recognized at the warehouse, the income and surplus for the period, in addition to the fallout, if the contribution is due to the addition of a business and operation, which is insured between the income and the surplus, at the warehouse other total income and directly from stock capital from flowing or other sources periods. The filing of taxes is related, for example, to changes in tax rates or tax legislation, a review of the fairness of depositing taxable assets, or changes in the defined method of taxation of assets, such as be carried to the account of profits and surpluses, for the collection of losses, if there is a charge related to operations past periods, previously reflected on capital markets.

Profit per share – IAS 33

Earnings per share is a metric often used by financial analysts, investors and others to assess the profitability of a company and the value of its shares. Earnings per share are usually covered by one hundred percent of the company's shares. Thus, the income that accrues to the shareholders of the share instruments of the high (privileged) level.

A company whose primary shares are widely traded in the market is required to disclose both basic and dilutive earnings per share in individual financial information or financial consolidation This is because it is the parent company. In addition, legal entities that submit or are undergoing the process of submitting financial reporting to the Commission on Securities Papers or other regulatory body through the issue of major shares ii (not in a closed location), IAS 33 can also be complied with.

The basic earnings per share are covered by the share of earnings for the period that accrues to the shareholders of the parent company, the average number of primary shares that are in both gu (with adjustments to the premium distribution of additional shares between shareholders and the bonus warehouse for the issue of shares on pilgovih umovakh).

Dilution of earnings per share is covered by the adjustment of earnings (buy-in) and the average number of initial shares for the dilutive effect from the conversion of potential initial shares. Potential primary shares – these are financial instruments and other contractual obligations that may lead to the issuance of primary shares, such as convertible bonds and options (including options pratsіnniks).

Indicators of basic and diluted earnings per share both for the company as a whole, and separately for the activity that will continue, however, are revealed in the report on total income (or in the report on profits and earnings, as the company represents This is true) for the skin category of primary actions . The income from the action associated with the activities is revealed in a row in these very forms of sound and notes.

Balance with notes

Intangible assets - IAS 38

An intangible asset is a non-monetary asset that is identifiable and does not have a physical form. Possible identification is required if the intangible asset is protected (so that it can be sold, transferred or licensed) or if it is subject to contractual or other legal rights.

Okremo added intangible assets

In addition, intangible assets are initially recognized as joint ventures. Compliance is the price of purchasing the asset, including import fees and non-refundable purchase fees, and any direct expenses for the preparation of the asset before the cost of payment. It is important that the purchase price of an attached intangible asset reflects the market exposure to future economic benefits that can be captured from the asset.

Self-created intangible assets

The process of creating an intangible asset includes the tracking stage and the development stage. The tracking stage does not lead to the recognition of intangible assets from a financial entity. Intangible assets that emerge at the development stage are recognized if the company can immediately demonstrate the following:

• Technical development of development
• complete the development of your intention;
• construction and sale of an intangible asset;
• those that, by virtue of their intangible assets, create significant future economic benefits (for example, market availability for products that are available for both the intangible asset and the intangible asset itself);
• availability of resources to complete the development;
• It is possible to reliably evaluate your own development skills.

All expenses written off for expenses at the follow-up stage or development stage cannot be updated for inclusion in the intangible asset at a later date, if the project meets the criteria for recognition of an intangible asset. In many cases, spending cannot be made on the property of any asset and they can be written off for spending on the world. Expenditures related to the launch of activities and expenses for marketing do not meet the asset recognition criteria. The creation of brands, customer databases, the naming of other brands and headings of any kind and goodwill also helps to treat it as an intangible asset.

Intangible assets added to the inheritance of the business

If an intangible asset is purchased in the course of a business, it is important that it meets the recognition criteria, as a result of which the intangible asset will be recognized at the outset of the business. But in addition, it will be necessary to know before the financial authorities of the company that is being bought.

Valuation of intangible assets after initial recognition

Intangible assets are depreciated, except for assets with an unimportant term of fixed income. Depreciation and amortization of the insurance system is assessed on a systematic basis by extending the line of compensation to the asset. The term value of an intangible asset is unimportant, since the analysis of all related factors indicates the number of available for inspection between the period, during which it appears that this asset is capable of being created reception of a clean influx of wealth.

Intangible assets with the term korisnoy vykoristannya are tested to be valued only for the obvious sign of possible value. Intangible assets with the unimportant term of the korisstanya and intangible assets that are not yet available for vykoristana are tested for their value most carefully, as well as for the presence of a sign of possible value.

Main features – IAS 16

The object of the main features is recognized as an asset if its consistency can be reliably measured and the company's ability to capture potential economic benefits associated with it is high. When first recognized, the cats live together. Compliance consists of a fair price paid for the winery object, which is purchased (for the recovery of any trade discounts and deductions) and any direct costs for bringing the object into operation. (including imported and uncoded taxes for purchase).

Direct expenses that are associated with the acquisition of the main facilities include expenses for the preparation of the platform, delivery, installation and folding, completion of technical visualization and legal support, as well as the rozrunkovka sum, expenses for obligatory dismantling and disposal Illustration of the object's main features reclamation of the industrial maidan (at the stage at which a valuation reserve is created for such expenses). The main prices (consistently within the skin class) can be assessed either at the first rate for the recovery of accumulated depreciation and accumulated surpluses from the value (the model for the actual costs), or at a revaluation yu vartiyu for the recovery accumulated in further depreciation and surplus from value (model of revaluation ). The cost of the main assets that are depreciated, which represents the primary cost of the object based on the assessment of the liquidation cost of the object, is written off systematically by extending the term of the cortical vicor.

Advance expenses related to the subject of basic assets are included up to the balance sheet value of the asset, as long as they satisfy the external recognition criteria.

The stock of the main product may include components from various types of cortical oxides. Depreciation insurance is insured according to the term cortical vikoristan of the skin component. Whenever one of the components is replaced, the replacement component is included up to the balance sheet value of the asset in that world, in which case it satisfies the asset recognition criteria, and at the same time, between the balance sheet value of the components that are being replaced, is displayed chastkove vibutya.

Spend on technical maintenance and major repairs of the main facilities, which are carried out regularly throughout the entire period of the basic process, and are included until the balance sheet of the main facilities (in this case, as long as I am satisfied according to the criteria) and are depreciated at intervals between them.

IFRIC has published Clarification (IFRIC) 18 “Transfer of Assets from Clients”, which provides clarity to the order of ownership of clients before the transfer of assets of the main features of Vikonavits as the mind of the line-free document Nya servant.

Vitrati on poses

Subject to IAS 23 “Spending on items”, businesses are required to capitalize on spending on items that directly contribute to the acquisition, development or selection of a qualifying asset to It means capitalization.

Investment Policy – ​​IAS 40

For the purpose of financial integrity, the property is classified as an investment subject to IAS 40 “Investment Property”, while the characteristics of such a property are significantly different from Id of the characteristics of the lane, as a vikorist to the ruler. For financial investors, the exact rate of change during the period is important.

Investment is important - the value of the inviolability (either the land, or part of it, or both), which Volodin has through the method of reducing rent payments and/or increasing the value of capital. Everything else is subject to insurance until:

• IAS 16 “Essential assets” as the main assets that are included in the production of goods and services, or
• IAS 2 “Inventories” means inventories where assets are held for sale as part of a company's activities.

When first recognized, the investment property is assessed based on actual expenses. After the initial recognition of the investment mine, the company can choose in the investment policy a model of investment based on fair investment or a model of investment based on actual investment. The current regional policy will be applied consistently to all objects of the investment sector of the enterprise.

Since the enterprise acquires the form of fair trade, then in the process of everyday life and forgetting investment power is assessed by fair trade, since such trade can be reliably valued; In another case, investment authority is insured for actual expenses.

Fair value - “the price that would have been charged during the sale of the asset or paid upon the transfer of the obligation as a result of the benefit that operates on the organized market between market participants on the valuation date.” For guidance on assessing fair value, see IFRS 13 “Assessing fair value”.

Changes in fairness are being sought to recover the profits and earnings of the period in which they arose. The model for the actual expenses transfers the investment mine for the amount of its addition to the accumulated depreciation and accumulated cash flows from the value (which is what it is), which complies with the rules of the region ku main features. Information about the fairness of such a mine is revealed in the notes.

Asset value – IAS 36

Perhaps all assets – negotiable and non-negotiable – are subject to testing for possible value. Meta testing is to ensure that its balance sheet is not protected. The basic principle of recognition is that the balance sheet value of an asset cannot exceed the value that is being damaged.

The value that is coded is calculated as the greater of two values: the fair value of the asset for the recovery of sales and the value of the return. Fair valuation for sales losses - the price that would have been charged when selling an asset as a result of the market participation, on the date of valuation for sales costs. A guide to assessing the fairness of representations in IFRS 13 “Assessing the fairness of representations”. To determine the value of the investment asset, it is necessary to estimate future cash flows prior to lending to the underlying asset, and discount them from the victorious discount rate prior to lending, as may be the case. express accurate market estimates of the hourly value of money and the risks characteristic of the asset.

All assets are subject to testing on possible value for the remaining sign. These assets (goodwill, intangible assets with the unimportant term of korisnoy vikoristan and intangible assets that are not yet available to vykoristan) are subject to obligatory short-term testing for the value of the the essence of his sign.

When considering the possibility of asset loss, current signs of possible loss are analyzed (for example, significant changes in the technology sector that are unfavorable for the company, in economic minds, in legislation, and in interest rates on the financial market), as well as internal ones (for example, signs of moral age and physical deterioration of an asset ) or data from the management about the current situation or the improvement in the economic performance of the asset).

The property that is deducted must be insured for other assets. However, assets rarely generate cash flows independently of other assets, so most of the time, testing is important on groups of assets, called units, that generate cash. The unit that generates cash is identified as the smallest identified group of assets that generates an influx of cash, significantly independent of the penny flows that are generated by other assets.

The balance sheet value of the asset is equal to the deducted value. The asset either generates cash and is valued at the same value if the balance sheet value outweighs the deductible value. The amount of such transfer (amount valued) changes the ownership of the asset or is distributed among the assets of the unit that generates the assets; The accumulated surplus is recognized in the income and surplus ratio.

Goodwill, recognized in the initial form of the business, is distributed among cash-generating units or groups of them, which, as it turns out, can take away the benefit from the profit. However, the largest group of units that generate cash, which allows goodwill to be tested for value, is the operating segment before combining with other segments.

Lease – IAS 17

A lease agreement gives one party (the lessee) the right to acquire the asset for a specified period in exchange for a rent payment at the expense of the lessor. Renting is an important part of mid- and long-term financing. The type of lease agreements may affect the financial status of both the lessor and the lessor.

The financial and operating lease is divided depending on what risks and benefits are transferred to the lease. In the case of a financial order, all significant risks and benefits associated with the subject of the order are transferred to the order. A lease that does not meet the criteria of a financial lease or an operating lease. The classification of the order is determined at the time of its first recognition in the form. In case of a lease, there was a lease of a land plot, and the lease would be considered more clearly by the ISFZ.

In a financial lease, the leaseholder recognizes what is being leased as its asset and recognizes any obligation to pay lease payments. On property that is rented, depreciation is charged.

The owner recognizes the financial lease as a receivable. Receivables are recognized in the amount that is equal to the net investment in the lease, which is the amount calculated to remove the minimum rent payments, discounted at the internal rent profitability rate, but not guaranteed excess value of the rental property, which is due to the landlord.

During an operational lease, the renter does not recognize the asset (and is required to do so) in its balance, and the rent payments, therefore, depend on the rate of profits and surpluses, which are distributed evenly over the course of the term. Well, rent. The landlord continues to recognize the buildings for rent as an asset and depreciate it. Rental expenses and the landlord's income are gradually compensated by the rate of income and surplus over the course of the rental term. The operations involved form the legal form of an orenda and are insured at their economic cost.

For example, a sale transaction with a reverse lease, if the seller continues to own the asset, will not be a lease in its essence, since the seller retains the significant risks and benefits associated with the asset, then in essence and rights before the operation .

The essence of such benefits lies in the given financing to the seller-landlord under the guarantee of ownership of the asset.

And by the way, any transactions that do not have the legal form of an order, but in essence (as stated in the Clarified IFRIC 4) the establishment of contractual obligations are related to one and the other parties. Izane s vykoristannyam tsієї parties to a particular asset, Which counterparty can be controlled physically and economically.

Inventories – IAS 2

Initial reserves are recognized at their lowest value in two quantities: joint stock and net selling price. The balance of inventories includes imports, non-deductible taxes, expenses for transportation, importation and other expenses that directly contribute to the addition of inventories, including any trade decreases and losses. Van. The net selling price is the total selling price during the initial activity for the recovery of retail sales for the completion of production and sales of sales.

Subject to ISBO 2 “Inventories”, the inventory of inventories that are not interchangeable, as well as those inventories that were seen on a specific contract, must be calculated for each unit of such inventories. The volume of all other inventories is determined using the FIFO formula “first-in, first-out, FIFO” or the average value formula. The use of the LIFO formula “last-in, first-out, LIFO” is not allowed. The company is obliged to use the same formula for stagnation of reserves for all stocks of the same type depending on the nature and scope of the reserves. The use of other formulas for the expansion of stock can be corrected in these situations, if the reserves are of a different nature or the company is stuck in different areas of activity. The chosen formula for the development of varosti is set consistently from period to period.

Reserves, mental assets and mental assets – IAS 37

Requirement (for the purpose of identifying financial information) – this is the “essential requirement of the company, which arises from the past, the regulation of which, as it turns out, will lead to the termination of the company’s resource in order to achieve economic benefits.” The reserves are included in the concept of goiter and are defined as “goiter with an unimportant term and goiter with an unimportant value.”

Existence and Cob World

The reserve must be recognized if the company has a clear commitment to the transfer of economic benefits resulting from the past, and the high level of availability of resources, which is responsible for the economy There are great benefits (sooner, faster, lower) for regulating such a problem; Its value can be reliably estimated.

The amount recognized as an assessment reserve is responsible for the shortest possible assessment of expenditures necessary for the regulation of an emergency on a given date, in the amount of expenses required for repayment goiter and guidance (discounting) from the urakhuvannya inflow of timely money of pennies.

The usual claim arises as a result of the rise of the so-called law, which is called a claim, and can take the form of a legal or voluntarily accepted claim. This means that the company must be put in a position where it has no choice other than its current position. If a company can incur future losses as a result of its future activities, such a company does not have any other obligations and is not required to charge the reserve. Also, the company cannot recognize the valuation reserve unless it is on the basis of its intention to recognize the cost of the future. Estimated reserves are not recognized until future operating surpluses are settled, since only such surpluses are not associated with a binding contract.

To recognize the estimated reserve, it is necessary to check, if the company’s liability is in the form of a “legal” liability. The company can establish a practice that has developed in the past, which indicates to other parties that the company is taking on the burden of responsibility, and as these parties have already formulated an understanding of the fact that the company is victorious when remove goiter (this means that the company may voluntarily accept goiter).

Since the company is responsible for the contract, which is burdensome for it (inevitable costs for the contractual requirement for the contract will come from the economic benefits of the contract), there is a clear liability for such a contract. There is a valuation reserve. Prior to the creation of a certain valuation reserve, the company recognizes the surplus due to the value of any assets related to the complex contract.

Reserves for restructuring

Special benefits for the transfer of valuation reserves to expenditures for restructuring. The valuation reserve is created only in the event that: a) there is a report on the officially adopted restructuring plan, which indicates the main parameters of the restructuring, and b) enterprises that have completed the restructuring plan And having brought this basic position to all sides that are affected by it, it created for them The company has been restructured so that the enterprise will undergo restructuring. The restructuring plan does not create any obligation on the relevant date, as it was announced after this date, but rather because the announcement was made before the financial statements were confirmed. The company does not have any obligation to sell part of the business until the company is required to generate such sales in order to establish a sales target that is legally binding.

The amount of the valuation reserve includes only direct expenses that are inevitably associated with restructuring. Reservations are not extended for expenses related to the activities of the company, which is of concern. Income from the estimated surplus of assets during the period of depletion of the valuation reserve for restructuring is not insured.

Vіdshkoduvannya

The valuation reserve and the assessed amount are shown separately as a requirement and asset. However, the asset is recognized only in the case where it is valued practically irrevocably, that the loss will be withdrawn from each company's liability, in which case the amount of loss, which is recognized, is not required to exceed the amount of the assessment. to the reserve. The sum of the recovered waste may be opened. Submission of this article to amend the issued tax is allowed only in the case of income and surplus.

Further evaluation

On the current date, the care provider can reconsider the amount of the estimated reserve, based on the shortest period on the current date, estimating the expenditures necessary for the regulation of the primary goiter on the due date. The increase in the balance sheet value of the estimated reserve, which accumulates over time (as a result of the stagnation of the discount rate), is recognized as a deduction from hundreds of dollars.

Umni goiter

Mental requirements are subject to possible liabilities, the presence of which will only be confirmed by the onset or incessancy of unimportant upcoming events that are not under the control of the company, or essential liabilities, estimated reserves for which are not recognizable, the fragments: a) are not visible to everyone, that For the implementation of these obligations, it is necessary to increase resources in order to achieve economic benefits; or b) the size of the goiter cannot be reliably controlled.

Financial obligations are not recognized in financial affairs. Information about mental illness is disclosed in the notes to financial significance (including a breakdown assessment of its potential influx on financial indicators and signs of insignificance of as much magnitude as possible too little resources), except for failures, if the possibility of resources is very small.

Smart assets

Smart assets are possible assets, the identification of which will be confirmed only by the events or failures of unimportant future events, which are not under the control of the company. Smart assets are not recognized from financial information.

If the income loss is practically irreversible, the corresponding asset is not considered to be a mental asset and is not recognized beforehand.

Information about smart assets is disclosed in the notes to financial information (including a breakdown assessment of their potential influx into financial indicators), since the likelihood of an influx of economic benefits is great a.

Actions after the end of the great period – IAS 10

To complete the financial statements, companies typically require an hour between the due date and the date of confirmation of the financial statements prior to release. Connected to this is the question of how we can trace the financial events that occurred between the reporting date and the date of confirmation of the financial statement. news (to be submitted after the end of the dark period).

Pods after the end of the voluminous period include corrigible pods, or pods that do not require corigation. So the names of the pods, which are correcting, provide additional evidence of the generosity of minds that were founded on the famous date, for example, the sums of the wine city, which were awarded after the end of the fateful fate, for the assets sold before the end of this fateful fate. Ideas that do not require adjustment, there is a rush of minds that have arisen after the great date, for example, there is a rumor about the plan for carrying out activities after the end of the great day.

The balance sheet of assets and requirements for a given date is formed in accordance with the rules of adjustment. On the other hand, the amendment may be made as soon as possible after the end of the day to indicate that the assumption about the continuity of activity is not valid. Notes before financial information must disclose information about the value of the funds after the important date, which does not require adjustment, for example, such as the issue of shares or a large addition to the business.

Dividends recommended or announced after the reporting date, and before the date of confirmation of financial statements prior to issue, are not recognized as of date. Information about such dividends may be disclosed. The company discloses the date of confirmation of financial information prior to the issue and in such a way as to confirm the issue. After the release of information, the company's executives and other individuals are encouraged to make changes to financial information, which fact will then be disclosed to the information.

Share capital and reserves

Capital, including assets and liabilities, is one of the three elements of a company's financial status. The Conceptual Framework for Financial Reporting adopted by the IASF defines capital as the excess portion of a company's assets after all liabilities have been insured. The term "capital" (equity) is often used as a cover category for a company's share instruments and all its reserves. In financial matters, capital can be seen in different ways: as power capital, investment capital by shareholders, statutory capital and reserves, power of shareholders, funds, etc. The capital category includes components with different characteristics. The meaning of unit instruments for the purposes of IFRS and the order in which they are presented are within the scope of the financial instruments standard IAS 32 “Financial instruments: reporting to financial professionals”.

Share instruments (for example, emergency shares that do not prolong redemption) are usually displayed in the amount of withdrawn resources, which is a fair share of the extracted grapes for the recovery of expenses for the benefit. After the initial recognition of the shares, the instruments do not require re-evaluation.

The stock of reserves includes non-distribution of earnings, as well as reserves related to the treatment of assets at fair value, hedging reserves, revaluation reserves of fixed assets and exchange rate reserves, as well as other provisions made by regulatory requirements.

Power shares purchased from shareholders Purchases of power shares are issued as part of the capital amount. Transactions of purchase, sale, issue and redemption of capital instruments of the company are not included in the profit and loss account.

Non-controlling area

The non-controlling portion (previously designated as a “minority portion”) is included in the consolidation of financial assets as a separate component of capital, a subordinated part of the share capital and reserves that fall on the share capital portion. CEOs of the parent company.

Revealed information

The new edition of IAS 1, Presenting Financial Reporting, emphasizes the disclosure of a variety of information related to capital. Here you can find information about the total amount of issued share capital and reserves, information about capital changes, information about the policy in capital management and information about dividends.

Financial strength has been consolidated

Financial information consolidated – IAS 27

Get in touch with companies in the EU countries. For companies that operate outside the EU, div. “Financial viability has been consolidated – IFRS 10.”

IAS 27 “Consolidated and consolidated financial assets” emphasizes the consolidated financial assets of an economically consolidated group of companies (with a rare caveat). All subsidiaries are being consolidated. A subsidiary company means a company that is controlled by another parent company. Control is essential to the determination of a company's financial and operating policies in order to extract benefits from its activities. Obvious control is transferred if the investor directly or indirectly has half the right to vote for a share (partial) of the investment object, and this assumption is contestable for the presence of clear evidence of the reverse. Control may exist when the parent company has less than half the share (partial) of the investment subject to voting rights, since the parent company is of greater importance in order to exercise control, for example, over an additional dominant position. for the sake of directors.

The subsidiary is included until consolidated on the date of its acquisition, the date on which control of the net assets and activities of the subsidiary effectively passes to the acquirer. The consolidated entity is formed in such a way that the parent company and all its subsidiaries were a single entity. Transactions between group companies (for example, sales of goods from one subsidiary of another) are excluded during consolidation.

The parent company, which has one or more subsidiaries, represents a consolidated financial entity, subject to the following consequences:

• it itself is a subsidiary company (including any shareholder);
• Both borgov and share prices are not traded on the open market;
• the company does not stop in the process of releasing valuable papers from the open source;
• The parent company itself is a subsidiary, and the end and intermediate parent company publishes the consolidated financial statements of the ISFZ.

There are no charges for groups whose subsidiaries are small, or in these cases, when the activities of the subsidiaries may be considered to be a subsidiary of other companies of the group in their activities.

Starting from the day of acquisition, the parent company includes in its consolidated account the consolidated income and financial results of the subsidiary and displays its assets and liabilities, including goodwill, in the consolidated balance sheet vіl, knowledge of the cob about the business (division 25 “About 'Business benefits - IFRS 3'.

In addition to the financial viability of the parent company, investments in subsidiaries, closely controlled enterprises and idle companies are guilty of being responsible for their responsibilities. Financial assets are based on ISBO 39 “Financial instruments: recognition and assessment”.

The parent company recognizes dividends withheld from its subsidiaries as income in addition to financial reporting, as it is entitled to withhold dividends. It is not necessary to establish whether dividends were paid on the profits of the subsidiary acquired before or after the acquisition. The removal of dividends from a subsidiary may be an indicator that the underlying investment may be worthwhile if the amount of dividends outweighs the subsidiary's total gross income ї companies for the period when dividends were announced.

Special Purpose Companies

A special purpose entity (SPE) is a company created to accomplish a specific, clearly defined purpose. Such a company can carry out its activities in a given order in such a way that after its formation, each other party does not have to pay specific attention to making decisions regarding its activities.

The Parent Company consolidates the Special Purpose Entities, as the essence of the agreement between the Parent Company and the Special Purpose Entity is that the Parent Company controls the Special Purpose Entity. Control may be made regarding the procedure for the activities of a special purpose company, set during the hour of its creation, or ensured by another order. It is important that the parent company controls the special purpose vehicle because it succumbs to most of the risks and retains most of the benefits associated with the activities and assets of the special purpose vehicle. Nya.

Consolidated financial position – IFRS 10

The principles of consolidated financial positions are presented in IFRS 10 “Consolidated Financial Positions”. IFRS 10 provides a unified approach to the concept of control and replaces the principles of control and consolidation set out in the original edition of IAS 27 “Consolidated and individual financial assets” and Rose. 'clarification of the RKR (SIC) 12 “Consolidation of special purpose enterprises”.

IFRS 10 spells out the principles of control, explains how to implement them, and also explains the possibilities for forming and forming the console. given financial information [IFRS 10, p 2]. The basic principle underlying the new standard is that control is essential and consolidation is necessary only because the investor has a renewed interest in an investment subject to the risk of changes in income. as part of their participation in the project, they may become victorious your own importance, so that you can leverage your profits.

Consistent with IAS 27, control is considered to be related to the management of the company, and consistent with SIC 12, as sensitivity to risks and the ability to capture income. IFRS 10 combines these two concepts into a new important control and the concept of risk of income loss. The basic principle of consolidation remains unchanged and lies in the fact that the consolidated enterprise is recognized in such a way that the parent company and its subsidiaries create a single company.

IFRS 10 places the consumer from the current supply, which arises when it is important to determine who has control over the investment object:

• assessment of the structure of the enterprise - the investment object;
• nature of rights – chi є stench of real rights chi rights zakhistu
• injecting the risk of income change;
• assessment of voting rights and potential voting rights;
• whether the investor acts as a guarantor (principal) or agent when exercising his right to control;
• mutual relations between investors and those who are subject to control over any inflow; i
• The visibility of rights is more important than any other assets.

The company has a new standard below, below the others. For businesses with an awkward group structure, the consolidation process does not need to change. However, changes may affect the company due to the complex structure of the group or structured enterprises. With the greatest world of confidence, the new standard is available to the following companies:

• enterprises with a dominant investor who holds the majority of voting shares, other votes are distributed among a large number of other shareholders (effective control);
• structuring of enterprises, including special purpose companies;
• enterprises that contribute to the economy and may have a significant number of potential voting rights.

In complex situations, specific facts and circumstances are required for analysis based on IFRS 10. IFRS 10 does not provide clear-cut criteria and, when assessing control, considers a variety of factors, such as the basis of contractual interests and rights owed to other parties. The new standard could be established ahead of schedule, due to the fact that the new obligatory sta- tus has been established since 1 June 2013 (since 1 June 2014 in the EU countries).

ISFAS 10 should not be used in any way until the information is released to the public; These can be included in IFRS 12: this standard significantly increases the number of necessary requirements. Businesses that are consolidated may plan and implement processes and controls that may be necessary to collect information. This may cause the need for a further review of the nutrition that is required by IFRS 12, such as the stage of necessary disaggregation.

In early 2012, the IASF Board made amendments to IFRS 10 (reinstated as of 1 June 2014; not valid as of the date of this publication), due to the approach of investment companies any to the formation of the enterprises under their control. Companies that are required to invest until the stagnation of their investments are subject to the obligation to consolidate the control of their enterprise. At their own expense, they are obliged to represent their subsidiaries in the form of fair compensation for the flow of profits and surpluses according to ISBO 9

Business information – IFRS 3

Affiliation with a business means that whenever a business (“buyer”) relinquishes control over one or more businesses. IAS 27 defines control as “renewing the importance of carefully adjusting an entity's financial and operating policies to capture benefits from its activities.” (Up to IFRS 10, the investor has control over the investment object, since the investor is tolerant of the risk of changes in income or has the right to withdraw such variable income from his participation in the object investment and can leverage your investments to leverage your income).

This means that control was taken away from enterprises, following the inclusion of low factors, such as part of the government, control over a number of directors and direct agreement between the authorities about the division of control functions. It is transferred that control takes place, since the enterprise owes over 50% of the capital of another enterprise.

Business activities can be structured in different ways. For the purposes of the IFRS, primary consideration is given to the substance of the transaction rather than its legal form. Since there is a series of agreements between the parties involved before the operation, the hidden result of a series of mutually dependent agreements is seen. So, if it pleases you, if you think about it, you may be tied up in the process of completing something else. In order to determine whether the necessary operations are considered to be related, professional judgment is required.

The business, in addition to the interests under secret control, is insured as an accessory. For a traditional look, the dressing process goes through the following stages:

• established purchaser (purchase company);
• vyznachennya dati pridbannya;
• recognition and identification of additionally identified assets and requirements, as well as parts of participation that do not ensure control;
• recognition and transformation of the wine town that is paid for the added business;
• recognition and expression of goodwill or profit from purchase

Identified assets (including intangible assets that have not previously been identified), requirements and intellectual obligations associated with the business are considered in the legal form for their fair consideration. Equitable property is determined on the basis of agreements between independent parties, in which case the purchaser will not be insured until further acquisition of additional assets. When less than 100% of the company's capital is added, there is a portion of the capital that cannot be controlled. The share of the company that is not subject to control is a share in the capital of a subsidiary that is not directly or indirectly owned by the parent company of the consolidated group. Buyers are given the choice to participate in a portion of their participation that does not ensure control over their fair value or in proportion to the value of the net assets that are being identified.

The total sum of the winery for the sake of pleasure includes cats, their equivalents and the fair share of any other product that is transmitted. Any financial instruments issued as a winery will be assessed at a fair price. If any payment of deposits is made at the hour, it is discounted to reflect its flow rate by the plant on the date of addition, since the result of discounting is consistent. Vinagoroda includes only those amounts that were paid to the seller in exchange for control over the enterprise. The payment does not include amounts paid by adjusting the already existing mutual payments, which are due to the future services of the military personnel, and expenses for additional benefits.

Payments for deductions can often be based on any future payments or from the future results of the activities of the associated business (“the mind of the wine city”). The city winery is also considered to have a fair share on the date the business was added. The procedure for the formation of a smart winery after the initial formation on the date of joining the business is to be included in its classification according to IAS 32 “Financial instruments: reporting of information” - in stock calls (in most cases, the extinction is due to a fair date on the date of change made to a fair Vartosti) on the basis of profits and surpluses) or on the stock of capital (after the initial recognition does not allow for further revaluation).

Goodwill reflects future economic benefits from those assets that cannot be individually identified and therefore not recognized on the balance sheet. Since the portion of the investment that does not ensure control is accounted for at fair value, the balance sheet value of goodwill includes that part that is included in the portion of the investment that does not ensure control. If the part of the company, which is not subject to control, is accounted for in proportion to the value of the net assets that are identified, then the balance sheet value of the goodwill is determined only by the part of the parent company.

Goodwill is shown as an asset that is tested for value at least cautiously and more often for signs of possible value. In some situations, for example, when purchasing a suburban mine at a price favorable to the buyer, goodwill may not be a problem, otherwise a profit will be generated.

Value of subsidiaries, businesses and other non-current assets – IFRS 5

IFRS 5 “Long-term assets held for sale and activities carried out” is stipulated if any sales are underway or planned, including the distribution of non-current assets among shareholders. The “listed for sale” criterion in IFRS 5 is limited to non-current assets (or groups that are being disposed of), the assets of which will be accounted for primarily through an additional sale, rather than a continuation of the ongoing operation. It does not stagnate until the assets are taken out of service and undergo the process of liquidation and recycling. IFRS 5 defines a transaction group as a group of assets that are allocated for an overnight, in one transaction, exchangeable for an additional sale or other activities that are directly related to those assets that will be transferred and as a result of this operation.

A long-term asset (or a liquid group) is classified as being for sale if it is available for immediate sale at its production line and such sales are the most feasible. A high level of confidence in the sale is indicated by the current minds: evidence of the commitment to sell the asset, an active program in search of a purchase and implementation of the sales plan, active exposure for an asset put up for sale at a reasonable price, the completion of the sale transaction will be delayed 12 months from the date of classification and activities necessary for the completion of the plan indicate a low likelihood that there will be significant changes to the plan or there will be contributions.

Long-term assets (or groups that are being developed) that are classified as available for sale:

• are determined by the lesser of two values ​​– their balance sheet value and the fair value of the sales tax;
• not depreciated;
• The assets and assets of the group that are active are shown directly in the balance sheet (no overlap between the assets and assets items is allowed).

The activity is assigned - this is a component of the enterprise, which from the financial and operational point of view can be divided into financial activities in deciding the activities of the enterprise and:

• є we will identify the significant type of activity or the geographical area of ​​the operation,
• є part of a single coordinated plan for the development of a significant significant type of activity or a large geographical area of ​​​​operations or
• We will add it as a subsidiary, including for the purpose of further resale.

p align="justify"> An activity is classified as having been assigned from the moment its assets meet the criteria for classification as intended for sale or when the activity becomes viable from the beginning reception. Although the information presented in the balance sheet is not overinsurance and is not overvalued in terms of the activities involved, this means that the total income may be overinsurance for the same period.

The activity is presented alongside the news about profits and earnings and the news about the loss of cash. Additional information about the applicable transfer activity for notes to financial information is available.

The date of liquidation of the subsidiary or group that is liquidated is the date of transfer of control. Before the consolidated report on earnings and surplus, the results of the activities of the subsidiary or the group that operates are included for the entire period up to the break-even date; Income and earnings will be insured as the difference between the sum of the balance sheet value of net assets and goodwill attributable to the subsidiary company or group, as well as the amounts accumulated in another company purchase income (for example, exchange rate differences and reserves for fair exchange value of financial assets available for sale); and (b) proceeds from the sale of the asset.

Investments in associated enterprises – IAS 28

Subject to IAS 28 “Investment in Associates and Joint Ventures”, part of the participation in such businesses may appear under the shareholding method. An associated enterprise is an enterprise for which the investor makes a significant investment and is not a subsidiary of the investor, nor its affiliated enterprise. Significantly, the right to take part in the praised decision of the financial and operating policies of the investment object is respected without further control over the designated policy.

It is assumed that the investor makes a significant investment, as he has 20% of the voting rights of the investment object. And however, if the investor has less than 20 hundred voting rights over the investment object, then it is transferred that the investor does not have a significant influx. These allowances may be voided if there is no evidence of a turnaround. Revised IAS 28 editions following publication of IFRS 10 Consolidated Financial Accounting, IFRS 11 Financial Accountability and IFRS 12 Disclosure of Information and about participation in other enterprises” and perhaps about the region often in private enterprises using the share participation method. A joint venture is a joint activity, and any party that exercises joint control is entitled to the rights of a net asset between this activity. The assigned amendments will be suspended as of June 1, 2013. (for companies in EU countries - from 1 June 2014).

Associated and joint ventures are insured using the share-share method, in case of these losses, if they meet the criteria for recognition as assets recognized for sale, in accordance with IFRS 5 “Dovgostrova” assets designated for sale are subject to activity." Therefore, using the share participation method, investments in the associated enterprise are initially shown for the benefit of their contribution. Further, their balance sheet value increases or the investor’s share of income and surplus and other changes in the net assets of the associated enterprise for the coming periods decreases.

Investments in associates and joint ventures are classified as non-current assets and presented as one line on the balance sheet (including the goodwill that accrues from their addition).

Investments in the skin associated with or in a living enterprise are tested as a single asset and can be valued in accordance with IAS 36 “Value of Assets” for the presence of a sign of value , based on IAS 39 “Financial instruments: knowledge and assessment”.

As the investor's share in an associated or joint venture exceeds the balance sheet value of his investment, the balance sheet value of the investment in the associated enterprise changes to zero. Additional charges are not recognized by the investor, except for these losses, if the investor is required to finance the associated or joint venture or they were given a guarantee of the security of the associated or joint venture Great business.

In addition to the (non-consolidated) financial profile of the investor, investments in associations or related entities may be considered as assets of their assets or as financial assets. Compatible with ISBO 39.

Industrial enterprises – IAS 31

For companies outside the EU borders, IFRS 11 “Community activities” applies. A joint venture is a mutual agreement between two or more parties, within the framework of which strategic financial and operational decisions will require a unanimous agreement between the parties, which will result in comprehensive control.

The company may agree to the other party’s agreement on corporate ownership (with or without a licensed legal entity) for a variety of reasons. In a simple form, the dormitory does not lead to the creation of a private enterprise. For example, “strategic partnerships” where companies cooperate to sell their products and services may also be involved in joint ventures. To determine the presence of strategic agreements, it is necessary to first determine the presence of contractual transactions directly for control between two or more parties. Nursing care falls into three categories:

• strictly controlled operations,
• tightly controlled assets,
• strictly controlled enterprises.

When approaching the accounting department of a commercial enterprise, go to the category to which you belong.

Fully controlled operations

The strictly controlled operation transfers the assets and other resources of the participants instead of the established corporation, partnership or other enterprise. [IAS 31, paragraph 13].

A participant in a closely controlled operation may learn from his or her financial status:

• assets that are under control are subject to liability;
• spend what you have, and part of the income that you take from the sale of goods and services generated within the business enterprise.

Fully controlled assets

Each type of joint venture transfers joint control of its participants over one or more assets contributed or added to for the purpose of that joint activity. As a result of strictly controlled operations, these types of private enterprises do not convey the principles of a corporation, partnership or other enterprise. Every participant in a private enterprise relinquishes control over his share of future economic benefits through his share of a privately controlled asset. [IAS 31, paras. 18 and 19].

In connection with his or her participation in jointly controlled assets, the participant in the activity which jointly controls the assets is responsible for identifying his or her financial situation:

• its share of closely controlled assets, classified according to the nature of those assets;
• be it taken for a goiter;
• your share of requests received in bed with other participants in the hospital in this hospital;
• any income from the sale or contribution of its share in the production of the industrial enterprise, as well as a portion of the expenses incurred by the industrial enterprise;
• whatever expenses he incurs in connection with his obvious frequent participation in his large-scale enterprise.

Fully controlled enterprises

Fully controlled enterprise is a type of private enterprise that is transferred to the creation of a local enterprise, for example, corporations and partnerships. Participants transfer assets or capital from a closely controlled enterprise in exchange for a portion of participation in the new one and typically appoint members of the board or a related committee to oversee operations. The number of assets transferred to both capital and part of the stake that was taken away again reinforces the presence of control over the enterprise. For example, if two participants contribute 40% and 60% of the primary capital for the creation of a tightly controlled enterprise and are willing to divide the proceeds in proportion to their contributions, the entire enterprise is subject to change , that the participants agreed on detailed control over the economic activities of the enterprise.

Fully controlled enterprises can be incorporated into either the proportional consolidation method or the shareholding method. In cases where a participant transfers a non-penny asset from a closely controlled enterprise in exchange for a share in someone else, the following instructions and insertions will be followed.

Other participants of the vocational training

Any participants in the agreed area may not enter until the participants are in full control. Such participants are investors who display their shares in the accounting system until the deposit is completed.

Community activity – IFRS 11

Compulsory activity means activity on the basis of an agreement, which gives two or more parties the right to complete control over the activity. Composite control may only have a place if a decision is made that significant activity will require a single-party assessment of the parties to implement comprehensive control.

Business activities can be classified as business operations or business activities. The classification is based on the principles and is based on the level of integration of the parties into activity. Since the parties are deprived of the right to the net assets of the business, business and related enterprise.

Participants in joint operations are given rights to assets and responsibility for claims. Common operations often operate within the structure of the surrounding organization. As the operative activity is seen in the field of business, it may be a voluntary operation or a voluntary business. In such situations, further analysis of the organizational and legal form of the enterprise, the terms and minds included in the agreement, and other factors and circumstances is necessary. This is because, in practice, other facts and circumstances may prevail over the principles that are determined by the organizational and legal form of a particular enterprise.

Participants in emergency operations recognize their assets and responsibility for their duties. Participants in joint ventures recognize their share in the joint venture through the share method.

Other foods

Disclosed information about related parties – IAS 24

Compliant with IAS 24 companies are responsible for disclosing information about transactions with related parties. To the related pages of the company:

• maternal facilities;
• subsidiaries;
• subsidiaries of subsidiaries;
• associated enterprises and other members of the group;
• other companies and other members of the group;
• individuals who are included in the warehouse of key management personnel of the enterprise and parent enterprise (as well as their close relatives);
• individuals who exercise control, family control or may have a significant contribution to the enterprise (as well as their close relatives);
• enterprises that manage the plans of the wine town of the farmers at the end of the process.

The main creditor of the company may contribute to the organization from its activities, ceasing to be a related party. Kerivnitstvo reveals the name of the parent company and the ultimate controlling party (which may be a person), since it is not the parent company. Information about the interaction between the parent company and its subsidiaries is disclosed regardless of whether any transactions were carried out between them.

Since operations with tied sides were carried out during a significant period, the data reveals the nature of the relationships, how to deal with tied sides, and information about the operations and the amount of excess expenses for operations, including negotiable obligations necessary for the rationalization of their financial inflow. Information is disclosed in total for the same categories of related parties and for the same types of transactions, except for differences, if for understanding the flow of transactions from related parties onto the financial strength of the company It is necessary to open any kind of operation. Kerivnitstvo reveals information about those that operations on the bound side were carried out on minds identical to the minds on which operations were carried out between the non-linked sides, especially since such minds can be bound.

The business can be established by disclosing information about transactions with related parties and the balances behind such transactions, as well as transactions between related entities. that the power maintains control or may have a significant influx into enterprise; Or there is another enterprise, which is a related party, since the state authorities themselves exercise control or may have a significant influx into enterprise. Since the enterprise stagnates due to the cessation of such benefits, it may reveal the name of the sovereign body and the nature of its relationship with the enterprise. It also reveals information about the nature and amount of skin-related significant operations, as well as clear and comprehensive indicators of the scale of other operations that are significant not directly, but in the aggregate.

Sound about the Rukh Koshtiv – IAS 7

The balance sheet is one of the main forms of financial reporting (including total income, balance sheet and changes in capital). It displays information about the availability and distribution of costs and their equivalents for types of activities (operations, investments, finances) over a period of time. This allows investors to evaluate the company’s ability to generate penny flows and to profit from them.

Operating activities are the activities of an enterprise that generate its main income and revenue. Investment activity is the acquisition and sale of non-current assets (including business acquisitions) and financial investments that do not have penny equivalents. Financial activity refers to operations that lead to a change in the structure of power and position assets.

Kerivnitstvo can formulate data on the flow of penny stocks from operating activities using the direct method (gross penny flows for similar groups of transactions) or indirectly (representing the adjustment of net income or cash flows home switching off the operation on them, which does not lie before operational activities, non-penny operations and changes to working capital).

For investment and financial activities, penny flows are displayed in an intensified manner (that is, behind groups of similar operations: gross penny expenses and gross penny payments) behind the blame of many specially trained minds. Penny flows associated with the withdrawal and payment of dividends and hundreds of hundreds of dollars are disclosed separately and classified according to the period of operation, investment or financial activity. This depends on the nature of the payment. Flows of pennies from the income tax are shown separately from the stock of operating activities, since only the penny flow cannot be applied to a specific operation within the framework of a financial or investment other activities.

The sum total of the collapse of penny stocks from operating, investment and financial activities is a change in the surplus of penny stocks and their equivalents during the current period.

Information about non-penny transactions, such as, for example, the issue of shares for an affiliated subsidiary, the acquisition of assets through barter, the conversion of shares or an acquired asset, will also be provided. and for additional financial assistance. Non-penny transactions include the recognition and reversal of cash bills; accounting for depreciation and amortization; profits/surcharges due to changes in fair trade; accounting of reserves for the flow of profits and surpluses.

Intermediate Financial Relevance – IAS 34

ISFZ has no obligation to publish intermediate financial information. However, in many countries the publication of intermediate financial information is either obligatory or recommended, especially for large companies. The AIP Rules do not require IAS 34 to be complied with within six months of reporting. Companies registered on AIP can either prepare financial disclosures within six months up to IASB 34, or disclose the information in a minimal obligation on a regular basis up to rule 18 AIP.

Whenever a company intends to publish intermediate financial information consistent with IFRS, it is subject to IAS 34 Intermediate Financial Information, which includes Other benefits to the interim financial value and principles of recognition and modification of inclusions to the interim financial value of government transactions and surpluses behind the balance sheets.

Companies can prepare a new set of financial statements for the IFRS (subject to IAS 1, Presenting Financial Reports) or a shortened financial statement. Preparation of short-term financial information using the most extensive approach. Short-term financial reporting includes a short-term report on the financial position (balance sheet), a short-term report on profits and earnings, and other total income. about the stench of the presentation okremo), a short note about the Rukh costs, a short report about changes in share capital and election notes.

As a rule, the company establishes the same financial policy for the recognition and assessment of assets, liabilities, revenues, expenses, profits and cash flows, both for the preparation of information on the intervening date, and for financial matters. Information about the flowing river.

It is especially important before assessing the current losses that can be insured on a river basis (for example, taxes that are calculated on the basis of the rozrunkova effective rate for a new river), as well as on the basis of value indicators for intermediate financial information. The increase in the value of recognition in the previous intermediate period for goodwill and investments in mutual instruments and financial assets, as reflected in the actual investment, is not reversed.

As a mandatory minimum for the interim financial situation, information is revealed for the current periods (shorter or later):

• talk about the financial position (balance sheet) - the position at the end of the current intermediate period and the equal data at the end of the forward financial period;
• data about profits and earnings and other total income (or, if they are presented separately, data about profits and earnings and other total income) – data for the current interim period and for the current financial river until the end of the day with the filing of equal data for similar periods (interim and per river before the star date);
• the report about the collapse of capital and the report about changes in capital - for the current financial period before the end of the year from the filing of equal data for a similar period of the forward financial fate;
• Notes.

IAS 34 sets out certain criteria for assessing what information is suitable for disclosure to other financial persons. Stinks include:

• the existence of a completely interim financial significance;
• non-standard and irregular;
• The capital flow leveled off with the previous financial periods, which resulted in a significant influx on the interim financial flow;
• The correctness of the understanding of the assessment indicators that correspond to the intermediate financial indicators.

The main method is to provide interim financial information to accountants with up-to-date information that is important for understanding the financial position and financial results of the company for the interim period.

Concession land for the provision of services - Clarification of the SIC 29 and Clarification of the IFRIC 12

At present, there are no concession agreements in the sphere of public services established by government authorities in the private sector, consistent with the ISP standard. IFRIC 12 “Service Concessions” interprets various standards that establish what is possible for service concessions; Explanation of the RPC (SIC) 29 “Disclosure of information: concessionary areas for the provision of services” is possible to ensure the disclosure of information.

Explanation of IFRIC 12 is established before concession agreements in the sphere of public services, such as any government body (legal authority) controls and/or regulates services that are provided by a private company (operator) with subsidiaries infrastructure, which is controlled by the legal authority.

Concession agreements specify who the operator can provide services to at what price. In addition, the legal authority can control the excessive production of all existing infrastructure objects.

The fragments of the infrastructure object are controlled by the legal authority; the operator does not separate the infrastructure from the warehouse of the main features. The operator also does not recognize the receivables from the financial lease in connection with the transfer of the infrastructure objects it has acquired under the control of the sovereign authority. The operator represents a financial asset at a disadvantage, since he has an absolute right to withdraw the capital, regardless of the intensity of infrastructure development. The operator wins for something intangible, such as (a license) to reduce payments from public servants.

As with the recognition of financial assets, as well as with the recognition of an intangible asset, the operator receives insurance income and expenses associated with the services provided to the legal authority for the work or modernization of infrastructure facilities, in Subject to IAS 11. The operator recognizes income and expenses , related to the provision of services from the local infrastructure according to IAS 18. Contractual requirements to support the operational status of the infrastructure (except for services due to modernization) recognized up to IAS 37.

The nature and importance of pension plans - IAS 26

The financial position of a pension plan, which is consistent with the IFRS, is subject to the benefits of IAS 26, “The scope and value of pension plans.” All other standards will be adjusted to the financial relevance of pension plans in this part, where they are not replaced by IASB 26.

Subject to IAS 26, the financial relevance of the pension plan from the established contributions must include:

• This is about the net assets of the pension plan, which may be used for payments;
• about changes in the net assets of the pension plan, which may be subject to compensation for payments;
• a description of the pension plan and any changes to the plan during this period (including their contribution to the pension plan);
• description of the pension plan financing policy

Subject to IAS 26, the financial relevance of a pension plan with established benefits must include:

• This represents the net assets of the pension plan, which may be used for payments, the actuarially adjusted (discounted) value of existing pensions, as well as the subsurface surplus/deficit of the pension plan or sent to the central bank. information from an actuarial representative that contributes to financial reporting;
• about changes in net assets that may be used for payments;
• sounds about the Rukh Koshtiv;
• main provisions of regional policy;
• describe the plan and any changes in the plan during the period (including their influx into the current events of the plan).

In addition, financial reporting must include an explanation of the relationship between the estimated actuarial value of pension benefits and the net assets of the pension plan, which may be the basis for payments, as well as a description of the Itics of pension financing. Investments that contribute to the assets of any pension plan (both from established payments and from established contributions) are treated at fair value.

Fair trade assessment - IFRS 13

MSFZ 13 Voznoi Vartіsti Yak “Tsin, Yak Bula B Otroman, when selling an asset of Abo, is random when transferred to the zobov’s lison in the minds, it is likely to be on the organized rink, mi by the member of the rink on the date of the grade” (MSFZ 13, clause 9). The main thing here is that there is a fair price at the exit price from the viewpoint of market participants, as the assets or liabilities are lost on the valuation date. Such an approach is based, moreover, on the view of market participants, but not on the view of the enterprise itself, so it is not fair for them to interfere with the intentions of the enterprise before it is assessed for the fair share of the asset. to capital.

To assess the fair value of the service, it can be measured by several points: a specific asset or task that is the object of assessment (which corresponds to its own aspect); the most effective use of non-financial assets; main (and most attractive) market; assessment method.

In our opinion, a lot of the findings in IFRS 13 mainly reflect assessment practices that are already stagnant today. Thus, IFRS 13 is unlikely to be brought to significant numerical changes.

However, the actions of changing ISFZ 13 must still be introduced, and:

• The fairness hierarchy for non-financial assets is a requirement similar to that currently imposed by IFRS 7 for financial instruments;
• In order to ensure fair treatment of all claims, including similar claims, there is a notice about those that will soon be transferred to another party, regulated or extinguished by another party. ohm;
• The account could be used to determine the price of the proposition and the price for financial assets and financial assets, which are, of course, actively traded on the stock exchange; In this case, the most representative price in the range of the price spread and the offer may be determined;
• Please make available additional information related to fair trade.

ISFZ 13 discusses how to evaluate fairness, but does not discuss it if possible or it is necessary to stagnate fairness.

According to obvious official data, in 2015 the introduction of such regulations as special categories will become obligatory. Most often, you can use the abbreviation of this concept – ISFZ.

• stock market professional participants;
• commodity exchanges;
• non-state pension funds;
• clearing companies;
• shareholder investment funds;
• various organizations for the treatment of different categories.

May sense immediately appear in the nutrition: “MSFZ - what is it?” This concept is deciphered as a complex of specialized documents, more precisely, standards, in addition to which there is regulation of the procedure for creating financial information, which is freely accessible to external investors.

ISFZ against the Russian financial system

We are cautioned in advance that the end users have information that includes various indicators of the form, grouped together with the stated standards. In general, the Russian model was aimed at government agencies and statistics, and the international one - at investors, enterprises and financial institutions. As a result of the related interests and needs of financial information, there are also different principles on which the order of forming this information is based.

Thus, the binding rule of the ISFZ is the priority of replacing the form of submission of previously designated information. When talking about the appearance of the Russian system, it is often omitted.

A practical example may be a situation in which the PBU requires part of the capital of the enterprise, although their economical nature is to be wary of even low-value figures in the form of bonds. It is consistent with IFRS that the features are significant in that they are not reflected in the capital stock.

Meta-implementation of IFRS for Russian enterprises

In order to formulate an adequately understandable and understandable culture for the citizens of different countries, international standards were introduced. Their meta lies in the unification of the complex of analyzed documents and the provision of data about the activities of any company.

Varto can see the flow of documents that are designated ISFZ, directly based on their unification according to the order of creation, and itself:

• balance sheet;
• zvіt about ;
• talks about profits and earnings;
• information about changes in capital and other operations of this directness;
• regional policy.

Based on the information generated by the enterprises, survey reports can be created for the warehouse, in which indicators of the company's income are displayed.

ISFZ – what is it?

This system looks like a complete set of documents that includes the following elements:

• peredmova to the provision of analytical standards;
• clarification of the basic principles of preparation and the form given to this type of information, in essence the concept of ISFZ;
• standards and general interpretations of these documents.

The skin from the above-mentioned documents has a significant significance, and at the same time it is used in combination with other elements. Also, from the previously defined overflow, it means that the ISFZ is a standard, which means that the structure is firmly established.

Meaningful aspect of the standards of the analyzed system

They establish rules that determine the order of deciphering certain operations that occur during the ongoing core activities of the enterprise and are reflected in the financial sector.

The standards adopted by the relevant body before 2001 are called International Accounting Standards or abbreviated as IAS, and then, since 2001, - International Financial Reporting Standards, the abbreviation of which is also written - IFRS.

Most important standards

The main IFRSs, developed up to 2001, include:

International Financial Reporting Standards

The outline of the image system standards adopted since 2001 looks like this:

1. "The adoption of International Financial Reporting Standards comes first" (IFRS No. 1).
2. “Pay for the settlement of mutual instruments” (IFRS No. 2).
3. "Incorporation of enterprises" (IFRS No. 3).
4. "Insurance contracts" (IFRS No. 4).
5. “Long-term assets held for sale are subject to activity” (IFRS No. 5).
6. "Exploration and assessment of mineral resources" (IFRS No. 6).

What are the signs of the flowing river of the system, what can you see?

From official sources it became known about the readiness of the remaining volume of the ISFZ 2014, which may be called the “Red Book”. There is a need to apply the rules to the international community, including those that will be in place after the 01st day of the current fate. However, there may be amendments to the ninth standard, called “Financial Instruments”, adopted in 2001. There are also two sets of major changes to the ISFZ 2011-2013 and ISFZ 2010-2012, one interpretation of the collections, a constitution for the ISFZ Foundation, a report on the work.

What is good about this system?

In order to formulate a financial view that is correct internationally, IFRS will be an indispensable aid.

Varto can see a number of advantages of this system that may be associated with the activities of such entities:

1. investors, this is due to their wisdom, insight, reliability and lower investment costs.
2. Companies, in order to change their spending on inputs before receiving investments, have a single system of information, there is a daily need to maintain financial information, the order is both internal and external. new form.
3. Audiences: Respecting those who understand the fundamentals, the ability to take part in nutrition to meet the same standards, large-scale trainings are carried out.
4. The developers of these standards themselves have a connection with this, which is the miraculous possibility of exchanging information, the basis for future national standards and the convergence of them.

Everything in the warehouse helps to immediately reject the power supply: “MSFZ - what is it?”

How to smooth out the process of transition to ISFZ?

Before the start, reforms can be made as follows:

1. Special training of accountants at the level of professional accounting based on the basics of the analyzed system.
2. The value of the information about the ceramics industry is really important in providing truthful and objective information.
3. There is a residual division of the accounting area into the tax, financial and management areas.

The importance of the transition is determined by the fact that ISP standards are a compromise between the main lighting systems in the world.

The benefits of accounting reform for businesses around the world

The financial viability of ISFs can make it easier for companies from various countries to enter the markets of world capital, as well as allow for greater comprehensiveness of information and insight. Good for foreign investors.

Russian enterprises themselves can communicate on the same terms with their foreign colleagues and value their business positions in foreign markets based on the equality of their capabilities. , as a result of which the numerical prospects of international markets will become available to capital.

The promotion of ISFZ will have a positive effect on the core, the focus, on their advancement, as well as the acceptance of updated information systems and motivation for staff.

In addition, obtaining foreign capital without capital based on the ISFZ is currently very difficult. And it does not matter, it will be earned either with the help of incoming banks, or with additional access to the stock market, which is located behind the cordon, or with the receipt of private investments from behind the cordon. The significance, in line with the PBO, is that the potential foreign investor, who paid for everything, does not understand. Let's talk about the formation of information, which is regulated by ISFZ.

Companies are aware of the fact that in the near future international standards will move to the level of national ones. For large companies, it is now necessary to rely on IFRS to ensure a significant competitive advantage in obtaining resources in such international markets, such as bonds, loans or IPOs.

Thus, everything in the storage area helps to develop a more detailed understanding of nutrition: “MSFZ - what is it?”

International standards of financial reporting came to us in 2012, and today there is a steady supply of food in organizations, as they register reporting in accordance with the ISFZ. In connection with this, it will be possible to understand the basics of standardization, which is based on the industrial enterprise, consolidated importance and responsibility from the basic accounting information.

ISFZ: SCOPE AND WAREHOUSE

International standards began to be developed in 1973 in order to create unified standards for accounting and reporting in different countries. In Russia, international standards came to the fore only in 2012. with the adoption of the Order of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated November 25, 2011 No. 160n “On the introduction into force of the International Financial Reporting Standards and Explanation of the International Financial Reporting Standards in the territory "Russian Federation".

The main significance of Russian accounting standards (RAS) compared to international ones lies in the fact that IFRS is not a compilation of laws, but recommendations for orders with low impact on the financial structure.

Important moment: The IFRS standard does not apply to RAS.

Subject to paragraph 2 of Art. 3 of the Federal Law dated July 27, 2010 No. 208-FZ (as amended on July 3, 2016) “On Consolidated Financial Strength” (hereinafter referred to as Federal Law No. 208-FZ) The financial position of the organization is consolidated and is based on the accounting(financial)the responsibility of this organization, which is consistent with Federal Lawdated 06.12.2011 No. 402-FZ(at the editor's office dated 05/23/2016) « About the accounting aspect».

Most often, managers of organizations have problems with the distinction between IFRS/IAS and IFRS (International Accounting Standards) and IFRS (International Financial Reporting Standards). Until 2001, the standard was called IAS, and after 04/01/2001 the name IFRS appeared, so the standard is offended by the concept of “IFRS”.

For ease of understanding, some accountants refer to IAS as accounting standards, and IFRS as financial reporting standards.

Who may establish ISFZ on the territory of the Russian Federation

Federal Law No. 208-FZ scope of international standards,as it expands to:

• credit organizations;
• insurance organizations (including medical insurance organizations that operate including in the field of compulsory medical insurance);
• non-state pension funds;
• various companies of investment funds, mutual investment funds and non-state pension funds;
• clearing organizations;
• federal state unitary enterprises, the list of which is confirmed by the Order of the Russian Federation;
• joint stock companies whose shares are in the possession of the federal authorities and the transfer of which is confirmed by the Order of the Russian Federation;
• Other organizations that value documents that allow them to organize trades in their inclusion in the quotation list.

IFRS documents consist of:

• International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS);
• International Accountability Standards (IAS);
• clarification prepared by the Committee on International Financial Reporting (ICFR);
• clarification, prepared by the Permanent Committee for clarification (RPC).

International Financial Reporting Standards Repository (IFRS)

ISFZ (IFRS) 1 « The first implementation of International Financial Standards»

Meta standard - to ensure that the first warehouse organization financial information of the ISFZ and the intermediate financial information for a part of the period, which is supported by the financial value of the ISF, took place High-quality information such as:

• є insight for the kristuvachs and consistent with all represented periods;
• It is an essential reference point for maintaining compliance with the International Financial Reporting Standards;
• may be prepared with expenses, so as not to outweigh the benefits taken from it.

First financial information from ISFZ For the organization there is a first-hand financial responsibility, for the formation of any organization it adopts up to the latest International Standards of Financial Relevance and is confirmed by inclusions up to the designated financial responsibility The importance of an explicit and unambiguous statement about the relevance of the IFRS.

The organization is responsible for preparing and filing taxes opening sound about the financial status of the IFRS as of the date of transition to the IFRS, thereby creating a starting point for bringing the framework up to the International Financial Standards.

ISFZ (IFRS) 2 « Pay based on shares»

The purpose of the standard is to establish the procedure for the formation of financial information for the organization that operates from payments based on shares. This standard is important in the organization of the representation of the warehouse's income and cash flow and information about the financial status of the transaction with payment on the basis of shares, including expenses associated with transactions for which employees Options on shares are available.

ISFZ (IFRS) 3 « Business integration»

Business integration- an operation or another procedure in which the buyer relinquishes control over one or more businesses. Operations that are sometimes referred to as “relevant transactions” or “distributions of equals” and related businesses.

The goal of this standard is to promote the reliability, reliability and comprehensiveness of information about business and the results that the organization presents to its financial institution. Information. To achieve this goal, IFRS 3 establishes principles that will help:

• recognizes and evaluates from its financial position the identified assets, which require a non-controlling part of the participation in the asset;
• recognizes and evaluates goodwill (an asset that has future economic benefits resulting from other assets added to the business combination that are not identified or recognized directly), additions to These businesses, or income from profitable purchases;
• This means that it is necessary to disclose information that allows financial analysts to assess the nature and financial heritage of a business.

ISFZ (IFRS) 4 « Insurance agreement»

The purpose of the standard is to establish a procedure for the development of insurance contracts with the financial authority of the organization that establishes such contracts as an insurer (the party required to pay compensation under the insurance contract when an insurance claim occurs), which is the subject of the insurance contract. e doti, doki, I’m glad not to finish another phase of my project for insurance contracts. Zokrema, standard vimagai:

• to improve the procedure for the preparation of insurance contracts by insurers;
• By disclosing information that identifies and explains the amounts presented in the financial situation of the insurance company under insurance contracts, it helps investors to understand the financial value of the insurance company. the magnitude, lines and insignificance of the guilt of future penny flows behind insurance contracts.

IFRS) 5 « Non-current assets held for sale and assigned activities»

The purpose of this standard is to determine the order in which assets are held for sale, as well as the provision and disclosure of information about the activities involved. Zokrema, standard vimagai:

• evaluate assets designated for sale at the lowest value based on two values: balance sheet value and fair value based on sales charges, and determine depreciation charges for such assets;
• represent assets held for sale, referred to as financial performance, and the results of activities referred to as total income.

Action added- this is a component of the organization, which is either identified or classified as intended for sale and is defined by the main direction of the activity and the geographic area in which the activity takes place.

ISFZ (IFRS) 6 « Exploration and assessment of reserves of bark copalina»

Subject to IFRS 6 standard - determine the order of presentation of the financial significance of activities from the exploration and evaluation of brown copaline reserves. Zokrema, standard vimagai:

• a thorough development of practical approaches to the cost of exploration and evaluation;
• for organizations that identify assets associated with exploration and evaluation, verification of such assets for value consistent with the IFRS and evaluation of any value consistent with the IFRS Z (IAS) 36 “Asset Value”;
• disclosure of information that identifies and explains the financial profile of the organization, which is related to the exploration and assessment of reserves of brown copaline, which helps investors in this regard From a financial perspective, understand the magnitude, terms and significance of future cash flows from any recognition of assets associated with exploration and assessment.

ISFZ (IFRS) 7 « Financial instruments: disclosure of information»

The meta standard is to establish opportunities for organizations to disclose their financial viability of information, which allows investors to evaluate:

• the influx of financial instruments into the financial situation and financial results of the organization’s activities;
• the nature and size of the risks that the organization has throughout the period and at the end of the financial period in connection with financial instruments, and the manner in which the organization handles these risks.

ISFZ (IFRS) 8 « Operating segments»

The organization is responsible for disclosing information that allows its financial stakeholders to assess the nature and financial status of the activities carried out by the organization and the economy, in any way it does.

ISFZ (IFRS) 10 « Consolidated financial position»

The purpose of this standard is to outline the principles for presenting and preparing consolidated financial information in these situations, when the organization controls one number of other organizations.

ISFZ (IFRS) 11 « Spilneentrepreneurship»

The purpose of this standard is to establish the principles of preparation and presentation of financial information to organizations that take part in entrepreneurial activities that are controlled separately (as in corporate enterprises). i).

ISFZ (IFRS) 12 « Disclosure of information regarding participation in other organizations»

The purpose of this standard is to establish a way to organize the disclosure of information that allows investors to evaluate their financial value:

• the nature of his participation in other organizations and the risks associated with it;
• the influx of such participation into our financial system, financial results and penny flows.

ISFZ (IFRS) 13 « Fair value assessment»

Fair Vartism- The valuation is based on market data, and not the valuation that is specific to the organization. However, active assets and demands may expose market areas that are guarded against, or market information. In addition to other assets, there is a need for market interests and market information on a daily basis. The meta-assessment of fair value in both cases is the same - to calculate the price for which the primary benefit between market participants would be carried out with the method of selling an asset or transferring crops on the date of assessment in the current market minds.

Warehouse of International Accounting Standards (IAS)

IAS) 1 « Submission of financial information»

This standard establishes the basis for the presentation of financial statements of legal significance in order to ensure the integrity of the financial statements of the organization with its financial statements for the previous periods, as well as From the financial responsibility of other organizations. This standard provides for the most effective means of providing financial information, the inclusion of a good structure and the minimum possible before its replacement.

The latest set of financial information includes:

• This is about the financial situation of the country as of the end date of the period;
• This is about profit or surplus and other total income for the period;
• reports on changes in power capital over the period;
• sounds about the ruin of the Koshtiv period;
• notes, such as a brief overview of the important provisions of the cloud policy and other explanatory information;
• up-to-date information for the previous period;
• A review of the financial situation at the beginning of the early period at a time when the organization is stagnating as the position of financial policy is retrospective, there is a retrospective rearrangement of articles in its financial status, reclassification This is the status of your financial information.

The organization may use the names adopted in this standard for these sounds. For example, you can choose the title “A report on total income” instead of the title “A report on profit or surplus and other total income.”

ISFZ (IAS) 2 « Stock»

Meta standard - determine the order of the appearance of stocks. The main provisions for the acquisition of reserves are the corresponding amount of expenses, which are recognized as an asset and carried over to future periods until the receipt of revenue is recognized.

The standard is to place invoices up to the initial value and further recognition as a waste, including any write-off to the net possible selling price. You can also place invoices for the formulas for the breakdown of property, which are used to pay for expenses on inventories.

Existing up to IAS 2, inventories are valued at the lesser of two values: inventory or net realizable value without sales costs.

BEFORE YOU SEE HOME

In the accounting regulation “Inventory inventory” (PBO 5/01), approved by the Order of the Russian Ministry of Finance dated 06/09/2001 No. 44n (as amended on 05/16/2016), this method is daily.

ISFZ (IAS) 7 « Sounds about the Rukh Koshtiv»

This standard is based on the collection of information about historical changes in penny stocks and the equivalents of penny stocks in the form of information about the penny stocks, which penny flows during the classification period These are the flows from operating, investment and financial activities.

ISFZ (IAS) 8 « Regional policy, changes in accounting estimates and compromises»

The goal of this standard is to establish criteria for the selection and change of regional policy along with the procedure for the publication and disclosure of information about changes in regional policy, changes in accounting estimates and correction of allowances.

The click-through standard improves the reliability and reliability of the information that is related to the financial significance of the organization, as well as the value of the financial significance of the organization. financial responsibility of other organizations.

ISFZ (IAS) 10 « Pods after the dark period»

Meta standard - identify the consequences if the organization may adjust the indicators of financial viability with the arrangements after the financial period.

The standard is available for information that the organization is required to disclose fully the dates of confirmation of financial statements before issue, as well as after the release date.

The following steps are taken into account after the important date, which are in place during the period between the important date of confirmation of financial information.

ISFZ (IAS) 11 « Contracts for living conditions»

The goal of this standard is to establish the procedure for the form of revenues and expenses related to contracts for work. Due to the nature of the activities involved in work contracts, the commencement date of such activity and the date of completion usually fall at different times of the year. Thus, the main tasks of contracts for work activities include the division of revenues and expenditures associated with the contract for the different periods in which work activities are carried out.

ISFZ (IAS) 12 « Taxes for income»

The purpose of this standard is to determine the order of taxes on profits. The main source of nutrition for taxes on income lies in how to handle the current and future taxes of inheritance:

• the upcoming release (repayment) of the balance sheet of assets (demands), as learned from the world about the financial status of the organization;
• operations and other stages of the flow period identified from the financial status of the organization.

ISFZ (IAS) 16 « Main features»

The standard is to determine the order in which the main features are presented so that financial investigators can identify information about the organization's investments in the main features and changes in such investments.

Head nutrition in the form of basic benefits:

• recognition of assets;
• the value of the balance sheet value of assets;
• depreciation;
• zbitki vid znetsinennya.

Main features- These material assets are:

• indicate the possibility of recognizing assets;
• designated for production, employment, employment, rental, for administrative purposes;
• is transferred to vicorism for more than one period.

ISFZ (IAS) 17 « Rent»

The goal of this standard is to maintain a sound accounting policy and information system that promotes the openness of rental agreements for landlords and landlords.

ISFZ (IAS) 18 « Vitorg»

The meta standard is to determine the order in which the proceeds appear, which arises from all types of operations and procedures.

Basic nutrition in the form of income- The moment matters if you need to recognize it. Revenue is recognized when future economic benefits can be realized before the organization is feasible and the benefits can be reliably measured. This standard means the minds that will be satisfied with these criteria and, therefore, the winnings will be recognized. This standard also provides practical recommendations for defining the criteria.

Apparently, before RAS, income can only be shown during the transfer of ownership of goods, but for IFRS this is not a primary factor. In addition to deductions, then for the IFRS, it is not obligatory to document the deductions in compliance with RAS.

ISFZ (IAS) 19 « Vinagorodi for pratsivniks»

This standard establishes the rules for the presentation and distribution of information about wine towns to practitioners. The meta standard applies to the establishment of such rules. IFRS 19 is important for the organization to recognize:

• a duty to that person, if the worker gives service in exchange for wine to the city, which allows payment to the future;
• deducted from time to time, if the organization of the vicorist has an economic benefit, which stems from his service as a wine-cleaner.

IAS 20 “The nature of government subsidies and the disclosure of information about government assistance”

This standard is liable to stagnate when exposed to information about government subsidies and other forms of government assistance. It is imperative that before IAS 20, before government subsidies, there is an order of support in the form of transferring resources to existing companies in exchange for the acquisition of past and future minds associated with subsidies.

BEFORE YOU SEE HOME

The legislative analogue to the IAS 20 standard is the Accounting Regulations “Regulation of State Assistance” (PBU 13/2000), approved by Order of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated October 16, 2000 No. 91n.

ISFZ (IAS) 21 « Influx of exchange rate changes»

An organization can conduct foreign exchange transactions in two ways: by trading in foreign currencies or by trading in foreign currencies. In addition, an organization can submit its financial information in a foreign currency.

The purpose of this standard is to determine how to represent transactions in foreign currency and indicators of foreign currency in the financial information of the organization and how to reinsure the financial information There is a currency tribute.

ISFZ (IAS) 23 « Vitrati on zapozhennyam»

Spend on deposits to ensure that the equipment, daily life, or production of the asset that qualifies is immediately put in place until the asset is fully operational. Other expenditures on deposits are recognized as expenditures.

ISFZ (IAS) 24 « Disclosed information about the related parties»

The goal of the standard is to ensure that financial information is disclosed to the public in order to increase respect for the possibility of inflow into the financial system, profits and surpluses of the organization in the fact of foundation of related parties ін, as well as operations and surpluses on operations, including contractual obligations for future transactions transactions with such parties. .

ISFZ (IAS) 27 « Okrema financial status»

The purpose of this standard is to establish rules for the disclosure and disclosure of information when investing in a subsidiary organization, subsidiary and associated organization during the preparation of the organization related financial information.

ISFZ (IAS) 28 « Investments in associated organizations and related enterprises»

The purpose of this standard is to determine the rules for making an investment in an associated organization and the use of the share participation method when making an investment in an associated organization and related enterprises Capacities.

An associated organization is defined as an organization for which the investor has a significant contribution to its activities and is not a subsidiary organization, nor is it often involved in its activities. sti.

ISFZ (IAS) 29 « Financial significance of hyperinflationary economy»

In the minds of a hyperinflationary economy, the presentation of the results of activity and the financial state of the organization in the local currency without a re-arrangement is not the same. The money is spent on purchasing power with such rapidity that the sum from operations and other transactions that occurred at different times, perhaps between one financial period, is put into circulation.

ISFZ (IAS) 32 « Financial instruments: tribute»

The meta standard is to establish principles regarding which financial instruments are supplied to the stock of assets and capital, as well as the interaction between financial assets and financial assets.

The standard of purpose provides a deeper understanding of the financial significance of the importance of financial instruments for financial development, the results of activities and the management of the organization's assets.

Similar to a financial instrument, there is any agreement that results in a financial asset in one organization and a financial transaction or instrument in another.

ISFZ (IAS) 33 « Profit per share»

The purpose of this standard is to establish principles for the collection and presentation of information about earnings per share in order to facilitate equalization of the results of activities of different organizations for one financial period or one organization for Different weather periods.

ISFZ (IAS) 34 « Intermediate financial strength»

The standard is to determine the minimum change in the interim financial situation and establish principles for recognizing and assessing new and shortened financial information for the interim period.

ISFZ (IAS) 36 « Asset value»

The purpose of this standard is to determine the order in which the organization may balance its assets so that its balance sheet does not exceed the amount that will be lost.

ISFZ (IAS) 37 « Evaluative cravings, mental cravings and mental assets»

The goal of this standard is to ensure that before assessments, mental assessments and mental assets, proper recognition criteria and assessment bases are established, so that sufficient information is revealed in the notes to financial viability Information that allows koristuvach to understand their character, the division of often the value .

ISFZ (IAS) 38 « Intangible assets»

This standard requires that an organization recognizes an intangible asset only when certain criteria are met. The standard also establishes a procedure for assessing the balance sheet value of intangible assets and requires disclosure of information about intangible assets.

IAS 39 “Financial instruments: recognition and assessment”

This standard is based on the established principles for the recognition and valuation of financial assets, financial obligations and various agreements for the purchase or sale of non-financial items.

The standard has the following concept: hedged article, which is either an asset, or a liability, or a solid benefit, in connection with which the organization is exposed to the risk of changes in fair value or future penny flows. Hedging of financial instruments lies in partial or further compensation for changes in fair value or penny flows of hedged (theft) items of financial instruments.

IAS) 40 « Investment integrity»

The meta standard is to establish an order for the appearance of investment inviolability and related opportunities before the disclosure of information.

This standard is required to be adopted by organizations of all types of financial instruments upon recognition, evaluation and disclosure of information regarding investment integrity.

Investment nonsenseє maino (land or land), which is held by the authorized owner or the lessor under a financial lease agreement for the purpose of deducting rent payments, income from capital gains, and not for the recovery from production and supply of goods which serves either for administrative purposes, as well as for sale during normal business hours.

ISFZ (IAS) 41 « Silk State»

The goal of the standard is to establish order in the presentation of financial information and the ability to disclose information about agricultural activities.

FOLDING OF CONSOLIDATED VITALITY

In accordance with Federal Law No. 208-FZ, under consolidated financial information, information is systematized that reflects the financial situation, financial results of activities and changes in business financial status of the organization.

Let’s take a look at the example compiled and analyzed the consolidated information on ISP standards at the enterprise AT “Alpha”, which controls the activities of two enterprises - AT “Beta” and AT “Gamma”, which are engaged in production and services units and spare parts for cars.

The information about profits or earnings and other aggregate income (the information about aggregate income) (Table 1) is similar to the information about financial results (form No. 2) of accounting reporting according to RAS.

Table 1. Consolidation of total income for 2015 and 2016 rubles, thousand. rub.
Pokaznik	2016	2015 r.	2016 until 2015
			yew. rub.
Compatibility of implementation
Gross profit
Commercial, legal and administrative expenses
Formation of a reserve for the value of basic assets, goodwill and intangible assets
Other operating income/expenses, net
Operating profit
Financial income/expenses, net
Positive/negative exchange rate differences
Profit before payment
Tax on income
Income during the winter period

In addition to this type of consolidated view, it is possible to provide more detailed information for certain items, for example, regarding sales revenue (Table 2).

Table 2. Analysis of revenue for 2015 and 2016 rubles, thousand. rub.
Pokaznik	2016	2015 r.	2016 until 2015
			yew. rub.
Vitorg
Repair of units
AT "Beta"
AT "Gamma"
Technical service
AT "Beta"
AT "Gamma"
AT "Beta"
AT "Gamma"

From the presented analysis it is clear that from all types of activities examined, enterprises are guarding against an increase in revenue, in addition to AT “Gama” for the repair of automobile units. Such a fall was due to the fact that after hundreds of readiness for one agreement of AT "Gamma" the main gain was recognized in the news of 2015.

This is about a financial situation that is very similar to a balance sheet according to RAS. Known with regulatory data talk about the financial situation ISFZ is obliged to include statistics that represent such values:

• main features;
• investment integrity;
• intangible assets;
• financial assets;
• investments that are insured using the vicious share method;
• biological assets;
• stock up;
• trade and other receivables;
• koshti and equivalents of koshti;
• the total amount of assets classified as held for sale and assets included in the liquidation groups classified as held for sale in accordance with IFRS 5 “Non-current assets held for sale and related activities”;
• trade and other creditor obligations;
• Assessment of goiters;
• financial duties;
• zobov'yazannya and actives from the flow tax, as stated in MSBO 12 “Profit taxes”;
• the construction of taxable assets and the construction of taxable assets, as defined in IAS 12;
• demand, included in the group that is vibrated, classified as intended for sale according to IFRS 5;
• non-controlling parts of the participation, submitted to the warehouse of power capital;
• release of capital and reserves, which are transferred to the authorities of the parent organization.

The organization is responsible for representing Additional articles, headlines and additional information about the financial situation If this is the case for understanding the financial situation.

Let’s take a look at the application form for the financial establishment of AT “Alfa” (Table 3).

Table 3. News about the financial formation, thousand. rub.
Pokaznik	2016	2015 r.	Zmina
			yew. rub.
Activi, everything
Main features
Intangible assets
Accounts receivable
Advance payments have been made
Other assets and investments in other organizations
Accounts receivable from taxes and fees
Costs and short-line deposits
investment of depositable assets
Power capital, everything
Statutory capital
Additional capital
Undivided income
Zobov'yazannya, everything
Credits and positions
Requirements for financial arrangements, pension plans
Enhancement of filing requirements and other reserves
Creditors' liability
Advance waived
Debt from taxes and fees

REVIEW UVAGA

The form of the balance sheet according to RAS is clearly stated in the Order of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated 07/02/2010 No. 66n (as amended on 04/06/2015) “On the forms of accounting information of an organization”, also as a form of information about the Financial formation according to IFRS is daily (including a number of rules and articles that may be reflected in the world).

The amount of assets (293,491 thousand rubles) is to complement the amount of liabilities (power capital + debt = 293,491 thousand rubles) in the same way as the balance sheet.

At the stage of folded consolidated value, it is accepted to cover EBITDA indicator(Profits before recovery and expenses from the payment of pensions, taxes and charged depreciation) (Table 4).

Table 4. EBITDA indicator breakdown, thousand. rub.
Pokaznik	2016	2015 r.	2016 up to 2015, %
Repair of units
AT "Beta"
AT "Gamma"
Technical service
AT "Beta"
AT "Gamma"
AT "Beta"
AT "Gamma"
At once EBITDA

This show was especially appreciated by investors and creditors. Such a display can be developed only at random, since the enterprise complies with the standards of the International Standards Standard. According to our standards for the development of this indicator, there are no transfers, but nevertheless the formula for the development of Russian practice has been slightly adapted, and EBITDA in this type is the same as the profit from the sale and depreciation of investments.

We are important and we are spoiled Borg's ratio to EBITDA (Before od), which reflects the specificity of the enterprise’s compliance with its claims, which characterize its payment capacity:

Code = Zobov'yazannya/EBITDA.

Code 2015 = 220794 thousand. rub. / 69145 thousand. rub. = 3.19;

Code 2016 = 157435 thousand. rub. / 54352 thousand. rub. = 2.90.

The greater this indicator, the more problems there are for businesses with goiters and the less ability they have to pay off goiters for hair loss.

REPLACEMENT OF ARTISTS

Having looked at the features of the consolidated financial information, it is possible to recognize the similarity with Russian accounting information. In this case, the Alpha company controls the activities of several enterprises to form their own individual identity. Next, it creates a consolidated volume, combining data from its subordinate enterprises. In this case, the policies of all enterprises may be similar to basic nutrition.

Most often, in practice, certain companies release their edition of the regional policy to their subordinate enterprises, on the basis of which they are guilty of preserving the power of the editorial board.

A. N. Dubonosova, Intercessor of the Career Director of Economics and Finance

As opposed to national rules (for example, RAS), IFRS are based on fundamental principles and convey polyvariance. For example, there is an obligation to evaluate the primary, flow, sales and discounted product.

Work on IFRS began in 1973 after the merger of accounting and auditing organizations in the USA, France, Canada, and the UK. During this period, the non-powerful Committee of International Standards of Financial Reporting, which was engaged in the development of uniform principles for the formation of reports relevant for accountants and auditors around the world, began to work.

Basic principles and assumptions of the IPF

International standards describe the fundamental rules for the creation of financial forms, and also regulate the rules for processing accounting documents. This approach allows the ISFZ to be adapted to any economic situation, while maintaining the effectiveness and reliability of the framework.

Russian legislation requires the preparation of financial documents in accordance with the IFRS for all important companies. The category includes businesses that deal with publicly traded shares and firms that deal with the financial costs of organizations or private individuals.

ISP standards are adapted to the requirements of national legislation on the basis of legal assumptions.

• Accrual basis - the first assumption in the method of registration under the ruler's life. Facts are recorded after execution, regardless of the date of execution of the payment order. In times of work with dubious liabilities, the accountant sets aside reserves to cover them. This amount changes the financial result and shows reliable information about the surplus.
• Going concern is a different approach to the method of preparing the assets of the enterprise. It is assumed that the company will continue to conduct business, so the list of assets in the accounting forms is insured at the first price. You don’t have to pay for the liquidation of the mine without insurance.

ISFRS forms are prepared for external governments and international organizations, so the clarity of information may correspond to several basic parameters.

• Understandability is a concern for external accountants, as there may be a required level of professional training in the field of accounting.
• Relevance - the relevance of the given accounting information. The IFRS forms are presented directly and without confusion, ready to form the basis for economic decisions.
• Reliability – reliability of the information provided, absence of inaccuracies and irregularities in documents. Reliable information is determined by truthfulness, the priority of facts over form, neutrality, and the inclusion of potential benefits.
• Comparability - the ability to compare data with forms for previous periods or documents of other companies. It is possible to transmit information reasonably and discreetly.

Indicators of the reliability and reliability of financial information in IFRS recognize three boundaries.

• Timeliness - timeliness. The facts stated in the ISFZ are supposed to reflect all the important aspects of the sovereign life of business. Since there are so many of them, you need to choose the most important ones in order to call immediately.
• Balance between benefit and cost – balance between the value of information and the value of preparation.
• Balance between qualitative characteristics – the balance between qualitative characteristics of the information is chosen by the accountant and the auditor. For example, during the preparation of a consolidated report, reliability and reasonableness take precedence over accuracy.

Chapter 5. Main aspects of Russian and international financial standards

§ 1. Rough analysis of Russian and international financial standards

1.1. Principles of financial reporting

Regardless of the obvious similarity between the options for accounting policies, which are allowed according to Russian and international accounting standards, the stagnation of these options will often be different. fundamental principles, theories and purposes. Differences between the Russian accounting system and IFRS lead to significant differences between the financial system that exists in Russia and in Western countries. The main differences between the IFRS and the Russian financial system are related to the historically determined difference for the ultimate purposes of obtaining financial information. Financial information, prepared in accordance with IASF, is reviewed by investors, as well as other businesses and financial institutions. Financial information, which previously developed in accordance with the Russian system, was monitored by the authorities of the state administration and statistics. Since these groups of investors have different interests and different needs for information, the principles that underlie the complex financial system developed in different directions.

In accordance with the Federal Law “On the Accounting Form”, the establishment of the accounting framework in Russia was declared as the formation of new and reliable information about the activities of the organization and its current regulations, necessary Well, internal accounting officials - executives, founders, participants and leaders of the organization, as well as external ones – investors, creditors and other accountants. The concept of accounting in the Russian market economy interprets this concept more broadly, emphasizing the fact that the world is responsible for serving the interests of both internal and external interests. A decision will be made from the pressured koristuvachs. Of course, the recognition of these goals has a significant impact on the ISFZ, although it should be noted that in practice, the establishment of information will re-examine other goals, first of all, fiscal ones.

For example, one of the principles that is obligatory in the ISFZ, and will not always be victorious in the Russian system, is the priority given to the form of submission of financial information. It is consistent with the ISFZ that the replacement of transactions and other procedures always corresponds to what it appears to be from their legal form. Similar to the Russian system, the type of operation is most often insured strictly in accordance with its legal form, and does not reflect the economic essence of the operation. However, if the form prevails over the place in the system, it is due to the availability of adequate documentation for the write-off of the main features, which provides a basis for their write-off, as before, as long as the quality control is known, that such objects are no longer included in the designated balance sheet value.

Another main principle of international standards of the industry, which strengthens its importance in the Russian system of the industry, and leads to the emergence of multiple issues in the financial sector і, є vіdbitok vytrat. International industry standards require adherence to the principle of similarity, so that expenses are shown during the period of income withdrawal, just as in the Russian system, expenses are shown in the same way. For the victorious singers, we could provide documentation. The need for reliable documentation often allows Russian enterprises to handle all transactions that involve the financial period. This difference is brought to the attention of the moment in the form of these operations.

In Russia, the principles of accounting are formulated in the Federal Law “On Accounting” dated November 21, 1996. (as required prior to the introduction of the accounting authority), the provisions of the accounting framework “Accounting Policy of Enterprise” (PBU 1/98) (as permitted) and “Accounting of the Organization” (PBU 4/99), as well as adopted ій Concepts of accounting in the market economy. However, there are difficulties with the implementation of the declared principles in practice. This is a major problem that remains unknown until now.

Table 4 provides a comprehensive analysis of the conceptual foundations of booze in international and Russian practice.

Table 4. Upgrading the principles of preparing financial information in international practice in Russia

ISFZ	Russian legislation	Dzherelo	Comment
I. Main ingredients
1. Narahuvan method	Assumptions of the temporal significance of the facts of the government's activity	Concept clause 4.1; PBO 1/98, paragraph 6	The ISFZ has a different term; the term “insurance method” is, in practice, a different term in the tax legislation.
2. Continuity of activity	Assumption of uninterrupted activity of the organization		The Concept does not reveal the need for vigor and revelation of other foundations of the established importance at a time, since the enterprise does not correspond to the possibilities of uninterrupted activity
	Assumptions of the sequence of stagnation of the regional policy	Concept clause 4.1; PBO 1/98, paragraph 6; PBO 4/99, clause 9
	Admission of the main strengthening of the organization	Concept clause 4.1; PBO 1/98, paragraph 6; Federal Law “On Accounting Form”, Art. 8, paragraph 3	ISFZ has a daily allowance
II. Clear characteristics of financial information
1. Smartness			Russia has not formulated this possibility
2. Dorechnist	Dorechnist	Concept,
2.1. Character		Concept,	There are no hundreds of valuable features
2.2. Hundreds	Hundreds	Concept,	There are no significant provisions, the Order of the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation dated July 22, 2003 No. 67n “On accounting forms” can be recognized in the amount of 5% of the legal pouch
3. Reliability	Reliability	Concept clause 6.3.	ISFZ has given a characteristic, which is outlined in the report
3.1. Truthful statements	Objective image	Concept,	There are no hundreds of valuable features
3.2. Priority of maturity over form		Concept, PBO 1/98, clause 7.	There are no hundreds of valuable features
3.3. Neutrality	Neutrality	Concept, clause 6.3.3.; PBO 4/99, clause 7	The Concept may not be expanded to include items of special significance
3.4. Commonness	Commonness	Concept, PBO 1/98, clause 7	There are no hundreds of valuable features
3.5. Povnota		Concept, clause 6.3.5; PBO 1/98, paragraph 7; PBO 4/99, clause 6	There are no hundreds of valuable features
4. Crazyness	Rank	Concept, clause 6.4; PBO 4/99, paragraph 33	There are no hundreds of valuable features
	Lack of superlativeness	PBO 1/98, clause 7	ISFZ does not convey any super-sensitivity, the sameness of the analytical data on turnover and the excess of synthetic data on the remaining calendar day of each month will ensure the correct reporting of information.
III. Exchange of reliability and reliability of information
1. Ownership	Originality	Concept, clause 6.5.1; PBO 1/98, clause 7	In the PBO, this exchange is formulated as feasible, and not as an exchange of reliability and reliability of information.
2. Balance between benefits and expenses	Balance between benefits and expenses, rationality (subject to PBO)	Concept,
3. Balance between clear characteristics	Balance between clear characteristics, rationality (subject to PBO)	Concept,	This exchange rate in PBO 1/98 is formulated as rationally as possible, but is not openly disclosed in the report.
IV. Reliable and objective manifestation
Maintaining the basic clear characteristics and accounting standards will be ensured	Reliable and external manifestations	PBO 4/99, clause 6	In the Federal Law “On the Accounting Form” (Article 1, clause 3), one of the requirements of the accounting framework is the formation of new and reliable information about the activities of the organization and its main regulations

Summary of the basic principles of preparation of financial information is consistent with IFRS and Russian legislation, the following modifications can be made:

• Complied with the Law “On Accounting”, the main tasks of the accounting department, including the formation of new and reliable information, and the provision of information necessary for monitoring the amendments of legislation, etc. I adhere to the norms and avoid the negative results of government activity;
• Russian practice has 2 assumptions that are not transferred to the ISFZ;
• In Russian practice, more principles are disclosed in less detail than in the ISFZ;
• The structure of principles in Russian legislation does not correspond to the IFRS (for example, the interchange of reliability and reliability is formulated as possible) and is not presented in a logical and consistent order in the same context as the Russian normative act;
• Understand the significance in terminology.

1.2. Elements of financial information

Elements of financial information – these are economic categories associated with the information provided about the financial system of an enterprise and the results of its activities: assets, liabilities, capital, income and vitrati. Their values ​​are consistent with ISFZ and were given more.

The Concept of the accounting form of the Russian Federation has the same mix of elements that characterize the financial formation as IFRS, but the formulation of the Concept is much shorter, lower than that of IFRS, and is more explanatory. and applications.

According to the Concept, the legislative acts that regulate the character and status of the Russian Federation do not have a designated category of “assets”, “liabilities” and “capital”. The Federal Law “On the Accounting Industry” states that the objects of the accounting area are mainly the organization, their duties are related to the government operations that organizations carry out in the process of their activities (Chapter. 1, art. 1).

The Accounting Regulations “Accounting of an Organization” (PBO 4/99) also have the same general treatment of assets and liabilities as government assets and their duties. Whose capital is taken as a liability (until recently, the assets of past fates were considered by Russian legislation as assets).

Thus, the interpretation of the elements of balance in the accounting standards does not differ from their interpretation in the ISFZ. A single document that is close to international standards is the Concept. However, the statements in the Concept of treatment of assets, requirements and capital do not comply with regulations, as a result of which there is a daily mechanism for their implementation in practice.

Elements of significance are recognized only if they meet the recognition criteria, then. It is clear that any economic benefit that is associated with it will be lost or spent by the company, and there is also an element of value or valuation that can be reliably suppressed.

The Russian Concept also stipulates the criteria for recognition of assets and requirements, the interpretation of recognition of capital on a daily basis, and there are a number of articles dedicated to the concept of capital and its support. The criteria for recognition of assets and the requirements of the Concept are avoided with the help of IFRS. However, they are no longer mentioned in the Concept; in practice, the same regulatory act does not contain the term “recognition of the elements of soundness”. The representation of elements in the balance sheet of the Russian accounting system consists of the bases of the primary documents, prepared according to unified forms. Indeed, there is a daily possibility of stagnation of professional judgments of accountants due to the loss and loss of economic benefits. Thus, the Concept’s statements approach to the recognition of assets, requirements and capital, regardless of the similarity with the ISFZ, are less than declarative in nature.

Conforming to the International Standards of Practice, the elements of value can be assessed in the form using the following methods:

• the factual varity of the dressing and the primary varity;
• The exact same varity;
• It is possible to sell or repay;
• Discounted and induced vartіst.

The range of possible assessment methods, which are established by the Concept, is avoided with the transfer to IFRS, their interpretation in the Concept, subject to IFRS, is given only for assets. The Concept does not say anything about expanding these methods for treating goiters. The value of the discounted value has been calculated daily in the Concept, so it is impossible to assume an analogy between the Concept and the same method in the ISFZ.

Russian regulations have different methods of valuation for specific balance sheet items, such as, for example, the Regulations on Accounting and Accounting in the Russian Federation. The most extensive is the actual agreement, although in some cases other assessments are used, as permitted by the legislation of the Russian Federation. It is also important to note that there is a great deal of regulation in the Russian legislation against the powers of the ISFZ. In many cases, the IFRS allows for the assessment of balance sheet items on the basis of the professional judgment of an accountant, taking into account the particularities of the enterprise, the interests of the accountants and the fundamental principles of the IFRS. In current practice, the assessment of any balance sheet item is carried out strictly according to the applicable regulations. At this time, many people could be significantly closer to the ISFZ.

The elements that reflect the financial results of an enterprise are income and expenses. Income is the result of increased economic benefits over the course of the world period, which is obtained from the form of a surge, either an increase in assets or a change in demand, which is reflected in increased capital, without increasing other than from the contributions of share capital participants. It is necessary to note the great similarity in the interpretation of enterprise income in the Concept, PBO 9/99 and ISFZ.

According to IFRS, revenue is divided into income from primary activities (revenue) and other income. The ISFZ recognizes the rational nature of income transfer to this or that other group depending on the specific activity of the company and the uniform nature of various items of income due to their economic nature, so that all stinks are eliminated more economic benefits.

In line with the IFRS, the Concept considers the classification of income items briefly, which does not reflect the sense of the income section on income from the main activity and others. The report provides a rich overview of the classification of income items in PBO 9/99. Similar to IFRS, PBO 9/99 income is divided into income from basic types of activity of the company and others. The principle of transferring income to the group is the same as in the IASF - based on the nature of the business's activities and operations. Similar to IFRS, PBO 9/99 indicates the reasonableness of transferring income to income from basic types of activities for various enterprises: the same income may be the main one for some enterprises and different for others (for example, rent and etc.). In PBO 9/99, other income is divided into three groups: operating, sales and secondary income, which is not characterized by its economic essence. Instead of a strict criterion for classifying income to one or another group before PBO 9/99, there is a wide range of applications of operational, sales and superordinate income, in which the principle of grouping income in is deprived of unimportant things that can cause different readings among different readers.

The criteria for recognizing income in ISFZ and the concepts are similar. Subject to PBO 9/99 (clause 12), the criteria for recognizing revenue include five points, which are expanded for all types of revenue. (It is necessary to remove the revenue from the payment for the fee for the time-to-hour acquisition of assets, in order to identify any need, it is only three points in five.). A comprehensive analysis of these criteria is provided in Table 5.

Table 5. The criteria for recognition of revenue are consistent with the International Standards of Practice and Russian practice.

PBO 9/99	ISFZ 18
1) the organization has the right to withdraw the value of the proceeds that arise from a specific agreement or are confirmed by another official authority	1) the company transferred to the purchaser significant risks and vineyards, related to the power on goods
2) the amount of money can be denoted	2) the amount of proceeds can be reliably estimated
3) This means that as a result of a specific operation there will be an increase in the economic benefits of the organization	3) there is a certainty that the economic benefits associated with the benefit will reach the company
4) expenses that are incurred or will be added in connection with this operation may be deducted	4) incurred and incurred expenses related to the law can be reliably assessed
5) the right of authority (authority, commission and order) to the product (goods) transferred to the organization before the purchase or the work was accepted by the deputy (service assigned)	5) the company no longer takes part in the management of the world, which is associated with the right to power, and does not control the sale of goods

In general, these values ​​are similar, but we would like to note before the first criterion that the moments of the transfer of significant risks (MSF) and the transfer of legal rights (Russian practice) may differ. The PBU does not carry out the analysis of relevant risks associated with the power of goods.

The criteria for the inclusion of expenses are consistent with the IASF and the Concept can be adjusted. The Concept has an additional idea about the independence of the recognition of expenses from the supply base. PBO 10/99 includes all the benefits to the recognition of losses, laid down in the Concept, in addition to which the PBU could take additional revenge on the mind that “the losses are recognized in the accounting department for such minds: the costs are included in the Depending on the specific agreement, the benefits of legislation and regulations are based on business turnover." That is, the change in the IFRS of the loss cannot be recognized except on the basis of the professional opinion of the accountant about the change in economic benefits and can be supported by documents. Clause 18 of the PBP allows for the possibility of deducting the cash using the cash method, which is not supported by the IFRS.

Thus, regardless of the closeness of the ISFZ and Russian standards, they are still faced with unsolved problems, such as, for example, the strict regulatory regulation of many sources affecting the financial results of enterprises. Regardless of statements about the independence of reporting financial results for reporting purposes, fiscal directivity to the entity is practically preserved. Thus, today the essential problems are avoided until the elements of financial reporting are presented in accordance with the IFRS.

1.3. Financial information warehouse

Table 6 provides an update on the financial information that an organization can provide in compliance with IFRS and Russian legislation.

Table 6. Warehouse of financial information according to IFRS and Russian legislation.

ISFZ	Russian legislation
Balance sheet	Balance sheet (form No. 1)
About profits and earnings	About profits and earnings (form No. 2)
Talk about the Russian capital	Notice about capital changes (form No. 3)
Sounds about the Rukh Koshtiv	Sound about the Rukh Koshtiv (Form No. 4)
	Addendum to the balance sheet (form No. 5)
	This is about the purpose of recovering possessions (form No. 6)
Regional policy and explanatory note	Explanatory note
	Auditor's report, which confirms the reliability of the accounting information, which is supported by the statutory audit

The knowledge of Russian legislation is consistent with the regulations of the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation. It should be noted that the Federal Law “On Accounting Form” conveys such a warehouse of accounting information:

• balance sheet;
• talks about profits and earnings;
• additions to them, transferred to normative acts;
• an audit report that confirms the reliability of the organization’s accounting records, which, in accordance with federal laws, is subject to a statutory audit;
• An explanatory note.

Thus, according to federal legislation, information about changes to capital and the loss of pennies is considered as part of the addition to the balance sheet and information about profits and surpluses.

We note the fact that the audit standard is included in compliance with Russian standards. There are plenty of fakivtsi who are vocal about the incorrectness of such inclusion, leaving it to be concluded that the auditor’s office is guilty of harboring thoughts, including to themselves.

It is necessary to note the difference in terminology: international standards are not financial reporting standards, just as in Russian practice reporting reporting is called accounting.

Particular respect is required for the specificity of the ISFZ. The validity is consistent with the ISPS in that it has been prepared in accordance with all standards and interpretation, as necessary. The fact that IFRS is consistent may have implications for financial reporting. In this case, the conformity of the ISFZ means that the quality satisfies all the requirements of the skin standard. However, financial reporting cannot be characterized as being consistent with the IASF, as it provides relevant inputs to the standards and explains them in terms of the form and disclosure of information. The presence of national standards that supersede the IPF, as well as the disclosure of educational policies and the inclusion of relevant explanations are not considered to be consistent with the requirements of the IPF.

At the same time, it is conveyed that in guilt situations it may be necessary to access the ISFZ. Such situations arise if the stagnation of international standards can lead to the release of information about other government operations. Which type of financial situation may have vengeance:

• the company's concern for the need to maintain compliance with ISFZ;
• the report does not explain the reasons why the stagnation of these standards may lead to a conflict;
• a description of the rule, transferred to the ISFZ, and the actual structure of the scheme;
• assessment of the inflow of this contribution to the amount of assets, revenues, capital, profits (cash) and penny flows for each period, given at the rate.

Knowing all the facts about the development of IFRS allows the author's opinion to think about the accuracy and determine the amount of amendments necessary to bring the information into line with the IASF. It is important that the role of the described rule be played by auditors who can come up with an idea that the truth is consistent with IFRS, then. Please check and confirm that the quality meets all skin standards.

In addition, the IFRS establishes a strict approach to the choice of environmental policy. In this case, the entire process of the company is oriented towards the rules established by the International Standards of Practice. Due to the presence of such for certain operations, the company's servicing is vibrating the cloud policy, with the availability of any kind of financial viability of the place again and unforeseen information, necessary for correspondents for the Find a solution that reliably reflects the results of the activities and development of the company, as well as the economical replacement of the operation (and not its legal form) . For specific operations, it is necessary to focus on the benefits adopted for such operations and the fundamental principles of the ISFZ system. It is also permissible to use Galouze's rules of presentation and standards issued by other bodies, except in any other way that they may not comply with the International Standards Standards. This allows us to stagnate, zokrema, US GAAP, and the remaining parts of the system allow for a detailed breakdown of the rules for the formation of many folding operations.

The adoption of ISFZ's approach to clicks implies a very broad interpretation of the standards, as well as the situation, if financial information is published, it is necessary to indicate that a report has been prepared. but before ISFZ, although it is true that not all possible standards have been adopted. Most often, such situations arise when information is disclosed (transactions with related parties, geographic and operating segments).

1.4. Balance sheet

International standards do not provide any standard form to the balance sheet and indicate only a number of mandatory items to the balance sheet:

• main features;
• intangible assets;
• financial assets;
• investments, insurance through the participation method;
• stock up;
• trades and other receivables;
• koshti ta yogo equivalent;
• debt obligations of buyers and agents and other receivables debt obligations;
• filing of crops;
• reserve;
• long-term obligations, which include payment of interest;
• part of the minority;
• release of capital and reserves.

In Russia, this form of balance sheet is fixed by law (Order to the Ministry of Finance No. 67 dated June 22, 2003 “On accounting forms”). There are a number of differences in the balance sheet items that need to be adjusted lower.

The key features of the main features are depreciation. In accordance with international standards, the company's service department is allowed to independently define the terms of service of the main services, depending on the period of time the company transfers them to vicorists. Although PBU 6/01 “The scope of the main assets” it is also stated that the organization itself means the term for the correction of the main assets, in practice, organizations using the accounting method continue to maintain depreciation rates, established by the Resolution for the Ministers of the USSR dated June 22, 1990. No. 1072 “On the unified standards of depreciation for the external renewal of fixed assets of the people's rule of the USSR.” In connection with the adoption of Chapter 25 of the Tax Code, many enterprises are victorious in a new classification of the main features established by the Regulations of the Russian Federation dated 1 June 2002. No. 1 “About the classification of the main features that are included before depreciation groups,” then. the advantage is given to the subordinate entity. The difference in the terms of the service leads to differences in the amount of excess value of assets, as well as in the amount of depreciation accrued for the previous period, submitted according to the Russian accounting system and ISFZ. Subject to PBO 6/01 “The scope of the main features”, depreciation can be covered by one of four methods of depreciation charges:

• linear method;
• method of surplus that changes;
• the method of writing off the vartosti for the sum of the numbers of rocks in the line of the korisnogo vikoristan;
• the method of writing off goods in proportion to the total amount of products (work).

ISFZ 16 “Basic Assets” has three methods:

• equal peace;
• exchanged surplus;
• sumi virobiv method.

For Russian enterprises, it is again important to use the linear method of registration in the Tax Code.

It is important to note that the Russian government does not have a regular analysis of assets to ensure their value, since IFRS 36 “Value of Assets” is limited to a large number of assets recognized on the balance sheet (in German material assets, funds, investments). The main requirement of this standard is to ensure a real assessment of assets in financial assets by recognizing the value of their value (reduced value, value), if the net balance sheet value exceeds the amount that in It's getting dirty. The surplus is recognized from the income statement and the surplus for the current period, and if the asset was previously revalued, it is transferred until the revaluation reserve is changed. ISFZ 36 contains the lowest possible sign of significance, the presence of which the company is required to verify on a daily basis, based on low external and internal information. If you want one of them, it is necessary to evaluate the value of the asset that is being decrypted in order to determine the value.

The Russian rules do not provide for such information. PBO 6/01 transfers the valuation of the main features to the revaluation sub-accounts, in which the amount of the discount is applied to the account of the undivided profit (uncovered surplus) or a change in the additional capital of the organization established for rahunok sum of the final assessment of this object, carried out in the early periods. However, Russian standards do not stipulate the regular analysis of assets for their value and recognition of run-ins in important companies.

The values ​​of intangible assets according to IAS 38 “Intangible Assets” and PBO 14/2000 “Scope of Intangible Assets” are identical to each other, although they are subject to similarity. First of all, intangible assets (intangible assets) are guilty of vikorism for a long time, then. mother terminology of korisnogo vikoristannya over 12 months. The IFRS does not provide time-based criteria for the recognition of intangible assets, however. conveys a more fiery approach. Another importance lies in the fact that, in accordance with paragraph 3 of the PBO, for recognition of intangible assets, it is necessary to have properly executed documents that confirm the foundation of the asset itself and the right of guilt in the organization to the results of intellectual property activities (patents, certificates, other security documents, agreement of assignment (addition) to a patent , trademark) mark etc.). ISP 38 does not necessarily have clear legal rights because The main criterion is the ability to control future economic benefits from the replacement of intangible assets, because The company can control these benefits in a different way (IFAS 38.13).

As a result of the lack of significance, there is a fundamentally low level of recognition among the known and other NMA objects in the area. For example, PBO 14/2000 includes organizational expenses to intangible assets. According to ISFZ, 38 organizational expenses are not recognized by intangible assets, because The consequences have nothing to do with the loss of economic benefits. Regardless of those who spend money on setting up an organization in order to take away future economic benefits, the real cost of them being taken away at the time of the creation of the company is daily - the company may appear, for example, zbitkova.

In the system, assets created by the enterprise itself, such as proprietary software, know-how, including the right to a trademark, may be considered intangible. Consistent with IFRS, assets created by the enterprise itself must meet the following criteria: the asset may be potentially significant in economic terms, and the value of the asset may be reliably determined. The internal creations of the trademark must be recognized at the intangible assets warehouse, and the amount spent on them cannot be divided into the amount spent on the development of the company as a whole.

PBO 14/2000 to bring to the NMA the business reputation of the organization. IASB 38 differentiates between internally generated business reputation and the business reputation that results from the combined companies. Internal business reputation is not recognized by the IMA and is not generally presented as an asset, since it is not a resource that can be identified and cannot be reliably recorded. Business reputation as an asset emerges and is reflected only when purchasing another company as a whole mining complex. In this case, the organization acquires all the assets of the company that it buys, paying a fee for it. The difference between the amount paid and the amount of acquired assets is required to establish a business reputation. Regardless of those, IFRS 38 clearly emphasizes the presentation of positive goodwill as an asset that is being depreciated, whereby goodwill appears alongside the division of non-current assets. As amended by IFRS 38 PBO 14/2000, it does not distinguish between internal and established business reputation.

Another important thing is food – the amount of money spent on research and development work. Scientific research is original and planned research that is carried out to obtain new scientific and special knowledge. Pre-study design robots - consolidation of the results of scientific research and other knowledge in the development of a plan and project for the development of new and comprehensive materials, accessories, products, technologies, systems and services, for the beginning of industrial production robnitstva chi vikoristannya. According to ISFZ, it is necessary to represent the results of scientific research and development and design work in the guise of those of the period during which the consequences were incurred, as a result of these losses, if the current ones are met. minds (in such cases it is necessary to treat them as intangible):

• the technical performance of the product or process can be demonstrated;
• The company intends to develop, sell and develop products and processes;
• It can be demonstrated that there is a clear market for a product or process, or, since it is intended for internal marketing rather than for sale, it is beneficial for the company;
• There are sufficient resources available, or their availability can be demonstrated, to complete the project, sell or sell a product or process;
• The amount spent on a product or process can be reliably assessed.

In the Russian Federation, spending on NDDKR can be capitalized on both DKR and NDR once a positive result is evident. Since the evidence of a positive result does not clearly mean the possibility of obtaining and selling the results of research and development, it is necessary to recognize the relevant significance of the qualifications of these objects in the Russian sector in Id benefited from ISFZ. Now, before the time of preparing financial reports in the IFRS format, write off those expenses as expenses for the work period, which do not fall under the allocated expenses for scientific research and development. Orsk robots come from ISFZ.

Also, Russian legislation still lacks the usual clearly defined procedures regarding the merger of companies (purchase and dissemination of interests) and the presentation of positive or negative business reputation (goodwill), which is the reason for this є. For PBO 14/2000, business reputation is the difference between the purchase price of the organization and the value of the balance sheet of all its assets and claims. According to IFRS 38, goodwill is measured as an excess of the value of the purchasing company, which is purchased over the fair value of the acquired assets and liabilities. Fair trade according to international standards means that an asset can be exchanged within an hour to the satisfaction of the parties in good faith who are willing to carry out such a transaction. The fair value of the objects may vary according to their balance sheet value. Thus, the difference between fair and balance sheet assets and the organization that is being purchased leads to different estimates of the value of business reputation in Russian and international standards.

Similar to the main features, the Russian government does not have a regular analysis of intangible assets for possible value (IFRS 36). Also, the flow of information that is revealed, the visibility in the ISFZ is wider than that of the Russian one.

Thus, there are intangible assets between Russian and international standards that are important for almost all indicators. Perhaps the Russian national standard is not a complete copy of the international standard. However, the interaction of financial organizations with foreign partners will require a reasonable awareness of our companies to foreign investors. NMA is one of the most complex objects in the world, its elusiveness, problems with identification and evaluation can lead to ambiguous interpretation of the brightness.

You can see low levels of activity in the management of inventories. The volume of inventories is regulated by ISFZ 2 “Inventories” and PBO 5/01 “The volume of inventories”. PBO 5/01 punishes the assessment of MPZ for actual compliance. And at the end of the modern period, material and industrial reserves may be re-evaluated: “Material and industrial reserves, which have become morally obsolete, have often either lost their primary acidity, or the current market varity, varity There are sales of which have decreased, they are shown in the balance sheet at the end of fate for the recovery of the reserve under a decrease in the value of material values. On the basis of this indicator, it is not clear how the reserves are valued, the price of the possible sale of which in one financial period was lower than the actual supply, and in the next economic period from grew more and more for factual sobivartіst. Subject to IFRS 2, guilty inventories are valued at the lesser of two values: marketability and possible net sales value. In this case, in accordance with IFRS, the sales price may be insured for the recovery of sales tax (which is not transferred to the PBO).

Further, with proper write-off of these very types of material and inventory stocks with different actual consolidation, it becomes possible to use several ways to develop the flow consolidation of a unit of stocks. Compliance with material and material reserves (except for goods from trade accepted for sale at sales prices and MSP) under Russian legislation can be achieved in the following ways:

• for the safety of the skin unit;
• for average cooperation;
• for the personal benefit of those who first need to pay for an hour, pay for the MPZ (FIFO method);
• for the convenience of those remaining for an hour, add MPZ (LIFO method).

In Russia, 3 methods have been adopted from international practice:

• FIFO method (basic order of appearance);
• Method of average importance (basic order of appearance);
• LIFO method (acceptable alternative order of appearance).

The LIFO method will soon be used within the framework of the KMSFZ project to improve the scope of standards.

Investments can be made for short-term or long-term terms. Flow investments, by their nature, are easy to implement and have a little more investment in terms of investment. Long-term investments and investments insured by the term under the river. The Russian system of investment ensures that current and long-term investments are represented in the balance sheet of their income. In this regard, international standards allow long-term investments to be insured in accordance with their nature:

• for personal expenses (including expenses for additional expenses, such as brokerage and bank commission fees, fees, expenses);
• for overrated varty;
• There are at least two meanings: social security and market value.

In accordance with international standards, short-term investments can appear in the balance behind the market value or at a lower value due to the market value (the amount that will be deducted as a result of the sale investments in the stock market). The profit (surcharges) that results from such an assessment is due to the fact that there are speculations about profits and surpluses.

If there is a decrease in the value of a long-term deposit, which is not based on short-term deposits, its balance sheet value changes. Such a decrease in the value of long-term investments, due to the temporary decrease, appears in the report about profits and surpluses. The increase in the balance sheet value of long-term investments, which results from the revaluation of long-term investments, may be credited to the account of the change in the value of investments as a result of the revaluation of the section and shareholder capital. At that stage, in which the decrease in the value of the investment is compensated by the forward increase in the value of the same investment, which was contributed to the loan, the rate of change in the value of the investment as a result of the revaluation and This year it was not reversed, so the reduction is covered by the exchange rate of the investment as a result of the revaluation. In all other situations, a decrease in balance sheet value may be reflected as a loss.

The importance of approaching the creation of a reserve for doubtful accounts receivable. When a reserve is created, Russian enterprises mainly adhere to Article 266 of the Subsidiary Code, as a result of which this approach suffers from formalism. Russian accounting standards and values ​​convey the creation of reserves without any specific involvement. IFRS allows for the possibility of creating a reserve for all receivables, for example, as many as a hundred net sales. In fact, under the hour of increasing awareness of Russian enterprises according to ISFZ, the reserve for suspicious banks will become even more significant and the profit indicators will significantly change.

1.5. About profits and earnings

International standards of the industry require adherence to the principle of similarity, after which expenses are collected during the period of recapture of income, and the Russian system of industry requires expenses to be recovered after the withdrawal of income. anna documentation. Obviously, proper documentation does not allow Russian enterprises to handle all transactions that involve the reporting period. The basic principle of the IFRS, which is that instead of financial information being important for the form of presentation of information or its acquisition, is subject to the provisions on the need for the availability of sufficient documentation ї to display the operation. The difference in terms of the field of operation, where there is no sufficient documentation consistent with the Russian system of the field, leads to numerical differences between the ISFZ and the Russian system of the field in this regard. bottles and shakes. The most widespread fact of uncertainty is that many Russian enterprises recognize revenue not by the date of expansion, but by the date of the invoice, which can be written out 2-3 years after the date of expansion (if, on However, the price of products is insured on the basis of any indicator for a period of time before and after giving the invoice).

One of the most important aspects of the approach to the issue of revenues in Russia and international practice was highlighted during the reform. Apparently, until recently, at the time of sale of products, it was possible to accept the moment of payment for the products, or the moment of its development, and most importantly, most businesses used the first so-called “cash” method of investment. Since today 1996 In the accounting department, the moment of sales of products is determined, rather than from the moment of expansion, as in international practice.

Another difference between the new Russian form of information about financial results is that of income and surplus in the ISFZ format and the representation of depreciation and expenses for payment of expenses. This is consistent with the International Standards of Practice, as enterprises disclose information about profits and surpluses, in a different way “for the recognition of expenses”, then. For the functional sign of deductions (the most widely used in practice), then you must additionally disclose the deductions for depreciation and payment of expenses. In Russian practice, these expenses are disclosed in the Addendum to the balance sheet (Form 5).

You can also see the functions of the warehouse for the availability of sold products. According to the ISFZ, commercial expenditures and, in the final version, the Zagalnospodarskiy expenditures (depreciation of capital management, expenditures on the morning management apparatus, auxiliary services) are not considered as directly related to the addition and production of goods, and therefore should not be switched on until the production is complete. Similar to the Russian system, commercial expenses and legal expenses can be included in the stock of goods sold, which is transferred by the regional policy. Therefore, for example, the write-off of the Zagalnogo Spodarskiy expenses for product ownership (debit 20 – credit 26) is not entirely correct, and it is necessary to make corrective records, revealing the tributes to be spent separately. In addition to the tax on income, you should pay attention to the taxation of taxes and earnings. In Russia, these taxes are included in various rows: for example, taxes, taxes, taxes on motor vehicles (infections) are shown in a number of administrative or commercial taxes, as well as taxes on mines and under Attacks on advertising should be included until further costs. Also, until the Russian word about profits and surpluses, export taxes are not included (they are included from revenues and sales) and excise taxes, so it is impossible to estimate the amount of money that may be very suitable for any company. In accordance with the ISFAS, excise taxes are shown at the revenue warehouse separately, and they can also be shown at the revenue warehouse, which is not covered by the tax policy.

Barter is of great theoretical and practical interest. In the Russian economy, barter plays a significantly important role, less so on an international scale. For example, in 2002, the share of barter among the representatives of the RAT “UES of Russia” amounted to 22%. Compliant with IFRS, if goods and services are exchanged for other like and similar goods and services, such an agreement is not recognized as a sale. This situation arises when customers exchange goods, moving them between different regions, in order to promptly respond to local changes in supply (for example, mutual supplies of petroleum products). In these situations, when there is an exchange of various goods, for example, vintage cars are exchanged for rolled steel, the proceeds must be assessed based on the fair value of the goods (services) taken away, adjusted to the amount of transferred costs or Their equivalents. Since it is impossible to assess the fair value of the transferred goods (services), proceeds should be assessed for the value of the transferred goods (services), adjusted to the sum of the transferred costs and other equivalents. In the system, barter transactions are always considered as sales, and the exchange of similar and dissimilar goods is not considered. Also, when exchanging goods for similar goods, such items must be included in the sale, which is consistent with international standards.

Compliant with Russian standards, income and expenses, deducted and incurred for various operations, are shown in full: transactions with valuable papers, materials, main assets, exchange rates and soum differences, donations, etc. delay payment, fines and penalties until payment or until withdrawal. bud. Subject to IFRS 1 (clause 36), proceeds and expenses for non-core activities of the guilty party are shown to be burned. Therefore, for the purpose of transforming financial reporting, it is necessary to decipher the meaning of the rows for the types of expenses and incomes and show only those incomes and expenses that are related to the same operations themselves: as a rule, this The operation involves the implementation of basic features, materials, as well as exchange rates and soum exchanges.

1.6. Sounds about the Rukh Koshtiv

Reports on profits and earnings in international practice are prepared according to IFRS 7 “Informations about the Ruin of Penny Costs”, in Russia – according to the Order of the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation dated 28 June 2000 N 60n “About the Methodologist” “Other recommendations on the procedure for forming indicators of an organization’s accounting records.” For the conduct of the government's activities, the necessary funds are needed to ensure the profitability of the enterprise. The rate of generating penny flows is the most important indicator of financial performance. The report on financial assets provides information that allows one to evaluate performance indicators, as well as understand changes in the company’s net assets, its financial structure (including liquidity and payment possibility), the ability to regulate the frequency and intensity of penny flows in the minds of constantly minimal external and internal factors . The inclusion of information about the value of cash flows in financial science allows you to model the flow rate of future penny flows for an equal assessment of enterprises.

Suitable for IFRS 7 “Reports about the Rukh of Penny Costs” in the reference to the Rukh of Costs there are changes not only in the ready-made kosts, but also in the penny equivalents. Short-term and high-volume investments are considered to be equivalent to penny investments, which are very profitable in the future with an insignificant risk of loss of profit. Investments, recognized as cash equivalents, are held on the balance sheet not so much as a detriment to investment income and control over the activities of the investment object, as to ensure the elimination of short-term debt. This type of management is worth a pittance. Investments are made with a short term to the equivalent value, as a rule, which does not exceed three months before the maturity date. Beyond all other important terms, these types of investments do not represent any risk of inconsistency.

In Russian practice there is no concept of financial equivalents. The rules for the development of information about the exchange of funds include information about the costs that should be insured in any organization, on insurance, currency and special accounts. Short-term deposits with banks are included before short-term financial deposits. On a daily basis, it is possible to open the exchange of the selected goods from the stock, and put the goods in stock.

It is clear that there are significant differences in the methods of preparing information - the Russian rules convey only a direct method (an accumulating hint to the rock), and the ISFZ - direct and indirect. The indirect method is the most widespread in secular practice as a result of the emerging knowledge about the Rukh Koshtiv. It includes elements of analysis, which are based on changes in various items of the balance sheet for the current period, which characterize the main and financial development of the organization, and also includes an analysis of the changes in the main features, Their depreciation and other indicators that cannot be excluded from the balance sheet data. Through the war of stagnation of the indirect method, the financial result (net profit) of the organization during the period is converted into the difference between the values ​​of the assets, which the ordered organization behind the camp has started and put an end to during the light period. It should be noted that the direct method is inapplicable for preparing the consolidated luminosity, because It costs a lot of money to remove unnecessary information from the skin from consolidated businesses.

According to IFRS, when penny flows are shown in foreign currency, their value is reinsuranced at the currency rate at the rate accepted on the date of the penny collapse. According to Russian standards, depending on the availability (rux) of the value of foreign currencies, there is initially a breakdown of foreign currencies in each type. After this data, the skin breakdown, stored in foreign currency, is reinsurance at the rate for the Central Bank of the Russian Federation on the date of the accounting statement. Removal of data for the following rounds of scales is provided until the hour of completion of the corresponding sound indicators.

Understand the importance in the order of classifying data by type of activity. Compliant with IFRS 7, financial activity is the activity that leads to changes in the size of the capital stock and the position capital of the company, and investment activity is the increase in sales. long-term assets and other investments that do not amount to penny equivalents. According to Russian standards, investment activity is activity associated with capital investments of organizations in connection with the additions of land plots, whether or not they are indestructible, possess rental, intangible assets, other non-current assets, as well as their sale; From the development of long-term financial deposits to other organizations, the issue of bonds, other valuable papers of a long-term nature, etc. Financial activity is the activity of an organization that, through the development of short-term financial injections, the issue of bonds, and other valuable papers of a short-term nature, will occur before the addition of terms up to 12 months of shares, bonds, etc. Based on the above considerations, financial transactions in practice when issuing short-term bonds are classified as financial activities, and long-term bonds are classified as investments. At ISFZ, the assets received from the issue of bonds are classified as financial activities.

Table 7 shows the main considerations in approaches to the classification of types of activities.

Table 7. Classification of various types of activities related to income and earnings according to ISFZ and Russian standards.

Rukh of penny koshtivs	ISFZ	Russian practice
Reliability of investors (shareholders) in the form of deposits	Financial
Payment of dividends to government officials	Financial	Investment
Reliability of the owners (shareholders) strictly for the purposeful nature of the investment	Financial	Investment
Reliability and repayment of long-term loans and positions (including bonds) of a purposeful nature, as well as payment of premiums for them	Financial	Investment
Reliability and repayment of short-term loans and positions (including bonds) of a purposeful nature, as well as payment of premiums for them	Financial	Financial
Reliability and reversal of short-term loans and positions (including bonds) that do not have a strictly purposeful nature	Financial

In this way, when speaking about the current situation, the essential differences between Russian and international financial standards are also deprived.

1.7. Other responsibilities

The volume has been consolidated. One of the key functions of the ISFZ and the Russian financial system is the importance of preparing consolidated and consolidated information. The term “consolidated” is used in ISFZ, “consolidated” - in Russian legislation. The need for established accounting information is transferred to the Regulations on the maintenance of accounting and accounting information in the Russian Federation, (Order of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated July 29, 199 8 N 34n). It is clear that in the organization of subsidiaries and affiliated partnerships, in addition to the official accounting level, there is also an accounting level, which includes indicators of the assets of such partnerships, which are at a loss tory of the Russian Federation and beyond, in the order established by the Ministry of Finance of Russia.

This procedure is established by the Methodological Recommendations for the Compilation and Submission of Consolidated Accounting Information (approved by Order of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated December 30, 1996 N 112). In paragraph 1.3, the recommendation identifies three reasons for which the accounting information of a subsidiary is included before the consolidated accounting information:

• the parent organization holds over fifty hundred voting shares of the joint-stock partnership or over fifty hundred statutory capital of the partnership with interconnected divisions;
• the parent organization may be able to make decisions that are accepted by the subsidiary company, subject to an agreement established between the parent company and the subsidiary company;
• If other methods are available in the parent organization, the final decision will be made by the subsidiary.

A business can create accounting information if the following conditions are met at the same time:

• accounting information has been established and is based on IFRS;
• The Group ensures the reliability of the established accounting information compiled on the basis of IFRS;
• An explanatory note to the established accounting information, where there is a shift in accounting information, reveals the methods of accounting, including estimates, which differ from the rules transmitted by regulations and methodological documents. reports from the accounting department of the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation.

ISFZ is straight, forward, folded, because As long as financial information has been established, the main goal of information is ensured - the provision of reliable and objective information about the financial status of the company, the financial results of its activities flatness and change in them. This information itself makes it clear which assets are actually controlled by those and other shareholders in their subsidiaries. As a rule, individual financial relevance is required first by regulatory authorities.

Russian recommendations do not apply to a number of important foods that may arise when combined. The Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation is committed, as part of its primary expenditures, to the development of the PBO at the required level, as it may be able to absorb more of its essential duties.

Subject to IASB 22 “Incorporation of Companies” there are two methods of forming an incorporated company: the purchase method, in which the buyer is identified, the purchase price is determined and the distribution of the established The focus on the identified assets is the task, the method of combining interests, which stagnate in these rare situations, if the buyer cannot be identified. The choice of method should be based on the legal form of the property. For example, during the reorganization of two independent companies, the method of purchase is changed, since, in essence, this transaction is a purchase that corresponds to the value transferred to the ISFZ. The Russian rules for the joint activity (business) of two or more companies have not yet been separated. Now it is clear that the IPAF plans to introduce a method of pooling interests within the framework of the project to reduce the complexity of the IASF. Obviously, in order to develop the Russian PBU, it is necessary to analyze the changes that will be made in the near future.

Based on the recommendations (Order to the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated December 30, 1996 N 112, paragraph 1.8), the activities of the parent companies may not provide information in cases where they are not transferred to the ISFZ. Russian standards do not specify consolidation rules for specialized companies. This food is even more relevant these days through the rise of similar companies everywhere. Namely, specialized companies are offshore companies that carry out complex financial transactions. Manipulation of such operations was widely investigated in the Enron and Parmalat cases. The ICSF and the American Council are currently working on revising financial industry standards for specialized companies.

According to Russian rules, a varsity assessment of the participation of the parent organization in a subsidiary, which is a bank or another credit institution, can be compared with the established accounting authority in the order ku, installed as a deposit in the deposit. The validity of which is confirmed by an independent auditor. However, since a bank is located before the Group's warehouse (and this is even more often the case for great industrial groups), its results are not consolidated into the Group's results at the outer stations. Subject to IASB 27, the exclusion of subsidiaries from consolidation through those whose activities are interspersed with the activities of other companies in the group is, unjustifiably, out of sight The visibility of subsidiaries and the disclosure of additional information about the various types of their activities in financial institutions will provide clearer information.

The image of inflation. Compliant with IFRS 29 “Financial relevance in the minds of hyperinflation”, the financial relevance of the company, which affects the country's currency in a hyperinflationary economy, may Buti is presented in units of the world, which is valid on this date. So that information for the current period and equal data for previous periods are reinsuranced with the adjustment of changes in the total purchasing power of the currency in which the financial situation is reflected .

Signs of hyperinflation:

• The majority of the population chooses to save their wealth in penny form or in a relatively stable foreign currency. Koshty in the local currency are safely invested in order to save purchasing power;
• The majority of the population accounts for penny sums over the local currency, and a relatively stable foreign currency. Prices may be denominated in other foreign currencies;
• Sales and purchases on credit are subject to prices that compensate for the transferred loss of purchasing power over the term of credit, making this period a non-issue;
• Interest rates, wages and prices are linked to the price index;
• The cumulative increase in inflation over three periods is approaching and exceeding 100%.

Until 2003 Russia complied with these criteria, and therefore the liability was adjusted accordingly to the requirements of IFRS 29. In 2000-2002. the inflation rate (insurance rates based on the live price index) became 20.1%, 18.8% and 15.1%, similarly. Thus, over three years, inflation reached 64.3%. Other signs of hyperinflation also indicate that the Russian economy is becoming increasingly unstable. This means that according to the information for 2003. IFRS 29 may apply to Russian companies.

Russian rules do not transfer the adjustment of accounting data to the level of inflation, which is one of the reasons for the inconsistency of IFRS, which is a daily basis for the restructuring of financial data. details of subsidiaries, exposure to the currency of the country with a hyperinflationary economy.

Currency exchange rates. In Russia, the procedure for the volume of transactions in foreign currency is specified by PBU “The volume of assets and requirements, the value of which is expressed in foreign currency” (PBU 3/2000), in ISFZ this is supported by IFRS 21 “Influx of changes in exchange rates.” You can see a number of main differences between these standards.

Whereas under the PBO, currency transactions are reinsuranced in rubles at the official rate of the Bank of Russia, ISFZ does not specify at what rate the transaction may be reinsuranced (which allows for a change to the average rate).

The IFRS provides a valid alternative way to deal with exchange rate losses resulting from a serious decline in the value of the currency, which is adding to the amount of debt that resulted from the recent addition of foreign assets currency. This exchange rate difference may be included up to the balance sheet value of the asset in order to attract new minds. PBO 3/2000 does not accommodate such problems.

PBO 3/2000 specifically defines the procedure for the payment of exchange rate differences associated with the formation of statutory (stocked) capital. Such exchange rate differences may be present in the “Additional Capital” market.

IFRS introduces a special procedure for the re-alignment of currencies based on the value of foreign subsidiaries, which are included before the consolidated value. For this purpose, it is necessary to carry out a reorganization of all assets and the company's account at the end rate, and items of expenditure and income - at the rate on the date of this transaction. The exchange rate losses that arise from this must be attributed not to expenses or income of the world, but to the capital of the company right up to the realization of the net investment. This order is not transferred to PBO 3/2000.

§ 2. The problems of transformation of Russian sociality are related to the ISFZ

The transformation of financial visibility, in line with the IFRS, remains relevant in the future. Please note that there is no single method for transforming brightness. According to the fahivts, the soundness of the ISFZ can be determined in 3 ways: the method of transformation of the soundness, the method of translation of transactions, and the method of parallel image.

The first two methods are the simplest, but they can give a reduction of 10% to 50%. As a rule, they are based on special transformation tables for the main sections of the area. For example, with the combined consolidated value of the RAT "UES of Russia" for 1998 rub. 28 such tables were created. There are five main transformation tables:

• A table of ruble corrective (transformational, corrective) transactions has been created;
• A table of foreign exchange transactions has been created;
• A table of balance transformations has been created;
• A table of corrective entries has been created with regrouping of articles related to profits and surpluses;
• A table has been created for the transformation of income and earnings.

The table is a breakdown of accounting information prepared in accordance with Russian standards in a format that allows you to automatically create a number of amendments to bring data into an international format.

The main methods that are used when transforming luminosity:

• Detailing of surpluses is necessary for the correct classification of surpluses for the purposes of IFRS (for example, classes of essential features), identification of internal group surpluses that are eliminated during the hour of consolidation ii.
• Reclassification of surpluses – division of data into the Russian sector in the ISFZ format (for example, high-volume investments are reclassified to a warehouse of equivalent assets);
• Revaluation of surpluses - adjustment of surpluses of balance sheets, which entails instantaneous changes in power capital: earnings and surplus of capital, undivided earnings (accumulated surplus), additional capital Other items of government capital (for example, write-off of non-liquid stocks or inflation adjustments).

The downside to this method of transformation, in addition to the possible caveats, is that the information prepared by the ISFZ can only be removed at the end of the period, and after the completion of the main transformation process, it is necessary to make and “manual” koriguvannya.

The parallel account (also called the method of parallel accounting) is carried out using special software. To maintain a parallel view, the Vikory system uses two working plans: Russian and international. When setting up standard operations, both Russian and international transaction templates are recorded. The entered operations are automatically shared between different modules, which provides maximum detail of information. At this very moment, it is necessary to pay attention to low specificity under the hour of automated transformation of accounting information.

• a different stage of detailing of Russian and international plans for settlements;
• different methods and rates of depreciation of main components;
• especially in the case of documentary evidence of ownership and costs (for example, according to Russian standards, the accounts of funds are updated with the security of a bank statement, and, according to ISFZ, with the security of payment vouchers);
• adjusting operations for the time being in two currencies.

The fragments of the spillover between the Russian body and the IASF, associated with the transformation of accounting reporting, are no longer significant, this problem deserves particular respect from a wide range of accountants and consultants .