Official business style: ceremonial characteristics; lexical, morphological, syntactic features; podstil. The morphological warehouse of the movie. The morphological side of the movie.

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The principles of objectivity, abstraction and logic characterize the most important stylistic features of scientific language: lack of identity (lack of subjectivity), formality (extension of private, non-network signs) and emphasis I will show you the consistency of the results that indicate your choice of personalities.

Lexical features

Lexical features. The scientific style is characterized by the use of special vocabulary, the song terminology of formal vocabulary, and the combination of emotional and evaluative vocabulary.

The peculiarity of the scientific language itself is characteristic - a wide variety of terminological vocabulary: hypothesis, pneumothorax (congestion in empty pleura), icosahedron (decahedron), presumption, action.

Morphological features

Morphological features. Characteristics of the borrowers' experience mi, our to express the author's position: Our experiment was carried out at the offensive...

For individual forms of the word, select the plural form of one person. ( meaningfully, significantly) or 3rd person plural ( register).

Names with speech meanings are characterized by the vicissitude of plural forms. ( resins, oils, steels, concretes).

This style also reflects the importance of the forms of the present day: The second part of the brain sees elements of the contours of geometric shapes.

Expanded in scientific style common (named) uses and references: pulling, as a result, for the shell, obviously ta in.

Syntactic features

Syntactic features. In the scientific style, complex propositions and simple ones are often used, complicated by predicate and non-precidental phrases, reinforced meanings, and introductory constructions.

A simple proposition clearly shows a tendency to direct word order.

Widely wide passive designs: The signs of an organism are encoded in DNA; otrimani spolukki krypton...

Variations in scientific style

The scientific style is subject to a variety of standards for the selection and selection of personal features.

The scientific style functions more importantly in the written form. Moreover, there are such varieties as a learned testimony, a conversation, a public appearance. The usual form imbues the promotional nature of these genres.

In some oral forms, the speech may be unprepared (for example, participation in a discussion), and therefore there is a peculiarity of oral spontaneous thought. In this case, there is a possibility of self-interruption, basic formal information, and the following written rules of procedure. It would be easier for her to hear. Vіnka, vikoryst different methods of articulation of the movable flow, vikoryst different constructions with the same name, repeats, interchanges, insertions and additions constructions.

Scientific works also have their own stylistic features. A monograph and a handbook, a testimony, a lecture, a presentation in different audiences, an article for a scientific or popular science journal are separated from each other. The goal of popularization of scientific knowledge forms the basis popular science style(or I’ll edit it). The level of population may vary, so the activity of human abilities, which serves to achieve simplicity and clarity of the message, also appears to vary in importance depending on the nature of the addressee.

Popular science literature is of great importance addressed to a wide audience and aims not only to expand scientific knowledge, but also to infuse the mass reader, formulate new views and reconfigure it, bringing it closer to popular science. literature and journalism, both for functional tasks and in modern times. The popular science text is subject to open authorial inclusions, often translated directly to the reader and assigned to various expressive language features. Here the author’s “I” appears, and “mi” is not abstract, but concrete and contact-inserting in nature. With this method, various motivating constructions, appeals to propositions, and brutality are used. The use of special terms is disappearing, and the names of complex and understandable terms are taking on descriptive forms. Through the method of clarification, parallels and elements of figurative identification are revealed, which, however, never reach the same level of concretization as in artistic language.

In recent times, the rapid development of science and technology has made it necessary to develop the forms of a short, standardized description of scientific and technical achievements. Dictated by different purposes, genres such as instructions, abstracts, patent descriptions, and technical instructions have been developed. As much as we talk about scientific and technical information, they are based on the main features of the scientific style. The need to unify the form of expression in the middle of the skin genre brings them closer to the principle of organizing personal activities with the creation of a business style. On this basis, genres will be combined into special ones scientific and business style(or substyle).

stitches,

Lexical features,

Syntactic features.

Let's take a look at what kind of money is included in the group. Please don’t bother me about the theoretical material, sing, you know this. It is necessary to systematize knowledge about this topic.

CORPSE:

TROPI - this is the name of the stylistic devices that live words have in a figurative meaning.

METAPHOR is a type of allegory, the transfer of meaning from one word to another for a similar sign, an equalization, in which there is an equal turn every day. For example: The wild cherry is covered with snow. (The snow is like plump wild cherry tassels). Like a wheel, behind the blue mountains, the sun fell like a red (the sun is like a wheel).

Meaning: promotes the accuracy of poetic language and emotional promotion.

METONYMY - replacing one word or understanding with another, which carries a causal connection with the first. For example: Here with new hulies All the ensigns will be visiting before us. (the metonymy “all ensigns” replaces the rich expression “ships of all lands under different ensigns”)

Meaning: the use of short expressive language, saving lexical features.

IRONIA (udavanist) - the use of words and expression in the sense, the literal gate, with the method of glancing. For example: Ay, Moska, she is so strong that she barks at the elephant.

The importance of creating a comic effect.

HYPERBOLE (excess) is a figurative expression that is associated with excess size, strength, beauty, etc. For example: ... the rocks trembled under their blows, the sky trembled under the dirty song.

Meaning: the hyperboles will contain the imagery of satirical works. Hyperbolization is associated with humor, especially gluttony.

Personification is a type of metaphor, the transference of human power onto inanimate objects and abstract concepts. For example: In the evening I lit a blue candle above my road.

Meaning: greater emotional expressiveness of the text.

SYNEKDOCH (Usualized) - a term of metonymy, signifying the whole through its part. For example: Swede, Russian cola, ruba, less.

Meanings: imparts consistency and versatility to the language, enhances the expression of the language and gives it a deep, subtle sense.

LITOTA (simplicity) is a figurative expression that applies the size, strength, and significance of the described object or phenomenon. For example: Your Spitz, your charming Spitz, is no bigger than a thimble.

Meaning: the immediate feeling of flight and hyperbole sharply and strongly reinforces the creation of the image. Stylistic device of a double cross. Serve as a means to create a satirical and humorous effect.

EPITHET is a figurative meaning of an object. For example: On the desert birch trees, standing in the thoughts of great people.

Meaning: Creates a visible image of an object, a phenomenon, forms emotional emotion, conveys a psychological atmosphere, mood. Characterizes and explains the power, the power of a concept, an object or a manifestation; The light of the writer is turned on. The epithet in the description of nature seems to indicate moods. Viraz inner I will become a human being.

ANTONOMASY (renamed) - a stitch that belongs to an implanted powerful name in the meaning of a nominal one, a type of metonymy. For example: in Russian language, the figurative meaning of the words Donquixote, Don Juan, Lovelace, etc.

Significance: this path is often abused in journalism. It is based on a re-interpretation of the names of historical figures, writers, and literary heroes. In artistic literature, vikoryst is used as a figurative language.

ALEGORY - an allegorical depiction of an object or a revelation with the aim of most clearly showing its essence (in tales, riddles). The expression of abstract understanding and ideas in a specific artistic image. For example: in fairy tales, Cossacks there is stupidity, stubbornness in the image of a Donkey, fear in a Hare, cunning in the image of a Fox. The allegorical expression can be translated into an allegorical expression: “autumn has come” can mean “old age has come.”

Meaning: widely used in the Esopian language - a manner that reveals the sensitivity of the secret, inadequacies and other deceptive methods. Vikorist in order to reduce censorship. Behind this alegory, the ideas of deep philosophical change are allegorically explained.

PERIPHRAZE or PERIPHRAZE (descriptive viraz) is a stylistic device that is used to replace the basic one-word name of any object or object with a descriptive viraz. For example: Leo is the king of beasts. It's time to frown, the eyes are enchanted (for example, "autumn").

Meanings: the essential sides, the characteristic signs of the object and the box are emphasized.

ARTISTIC SYMBOL - figurative words that replace the name of an everyday phenomenon, understanding an object with its mental meanings, which the phenomenon evokes and gives it a new, profound sense. For example: Dosh is a symbol of sadness and tears. Zozulya is a symbol of a self-made, hard-working woman. Birch is a symbol of Russia.

Meaning: gives the word a new, profound place.

LEXICAL FEATURES:

1. HOMONYMS - these words, different meanings, but also different words and spellings. For example, the water supply system systematically goes wrong, and repairmen do not work on the water system.

Meaning: to impart vitality, virulence. You can add a comical twist, ambiguity, or a pun. For example: A good person is needed to paste stamps.

2. SYNONYMS - these words are the same and the same parts of the language, close to one to one in meaning. Synonyms create a synonymous series, for example, to feel fear, to be afraid, to be afraid, to be afraid, to be afraid, to fear, to be cowardly.

Meaning: to testify about the wealth of language, to serve for a more accurate expression of thoughts and feelings.

3. ANTONYMS - these are the same words and parts of the promo, prolong the meanings. For example, early - late, fall asleep - wake up, white - black.

Meaning: to embarrass language with brightness and emotion. Serve to create contrast.

4. PARONYMS - words of the same root, close in sound, but not in meaning. For example: beats and drukarskie pomilki (various prefixes appear), bezvidodnyj and bezvidpovidalny (various suffixes appear).

5. COVERAL VOCABULARY - words known to everyone who speaks Russian language, adopted in all styles of language, stylistically neutral. For example, spring, water, earth, nothing.

Meanings: means vitally important objects, events, signs, objects.

5. Dialectism is the whole word that belongs to the dialect. Dialects are Russian folk dialects that hover around in their warehouse, meaning a number of original words, especially common in singing locality. For example: koche - pіven, rozmovlyati - rozmovlyati, beam - yar.

Meaning: to ask the reader more clearly about the place where the descriptions develop based on the main characteristics of the character.

6. PROFESSIONALISM - this is a word that is used in various spheres of production, technology, etc. those who did not become ignorant; terms – words that name special concepts of any field of development and science; Professionalism and terms are used by people of the same profession, in the same branch of science. For example, abscis (mathematics), africati (linguistics); Open - a good time between lessons with my teacher.

Meaning: used in fiction and journalism as a useful tool for describing the situation created by the landscape, the main characteristics of the singing sphere of activity.

7. JARGONIS - words that are intertwined with the living social and age-old culture. For example, they see youthful (ancestors - fathers), professional (at home - lack of landing mark), tabernacle slang.

Meaning: jargon is used in works of artistic literature for the purpose of general characteristics of characters and the creation of the required color.

8. ARGO - the dialect of a vocal social group of people (primarily the villainous language - “fenya”), created through a single method of social education (argonisms are used as a mental sign, as an encrypting code, for the people who need to get to this point) and groups could not understand the meaning of these drain). For example: ballerina - Vidmichka; kipish - disorder, shu; Shukher - carelessness; raspberry - kublo.

Meaning: used in works of fiction using the method of characterizing a character in a particular way, creating a special coloring.

9. EMOTIONALLY formed words - words that express the position of objects, signs, actions, etc. For example: shkapa (not just bullshit, but a rotten bullshit), bullshit (not just tell a lie, but say it impudently), zadat (not just bullshit, but bullshit biasedly).

Meaning: serve to express the meaning of what to say, what to say about, as well as to characterize who to speak.

10. ARCHAISM - outdated words that have current synonyms that have been replaced in the language. For example: young - young, gold - gold; eye - eye, vusta - ruin, pobachiti - pobachiti.

Meaning: to serve the creation of the color of the past when depicting an old woman. To play a clear stylistic role, acting as a creation of the civil-patriotic pathos of promotion. With the help of the presented sound of the language.

11. HISTORISM - words that served as the names of known objects. understand, obviously. For example: tivun is a posad person in ancient Russia, hryvnia is a penny unit of Kievan Rus, a footman is a person who served in rich households.

Meaning: to serve up the flavor of a long time ago, a bygone era, to give the description of bygone hours historical authenticity.

12.NEOLOGISM - new words that appear in the language. For example: video phone, airbus, Internet.

Significance: serve for the purpose of new understanding. which was due to the development of social networks, science, culture, technology. With a special method of increasing virality.

13. Posed words are words that came to Russian language from other languages. For example: letter, glass, cedar (with walnut); sandwich, sprat, landscape (from German); veil, coat, taxi (from French); tenor, opera, flute (from Italian); sailor, cabin, boat (from the Dutch); basketball, coach, comfort (in English language).

Meaning: Dzherelo updated vocabulary.

14. OLD WORLD WORDS - compositions from a closely related language, associated with the baptisms of Russia, the development of spiritual culture.

features:

a) synonyms RA, LA, LE, which are similar to the Russian ORO, OLO, ЄRE. For example: dacha - norov, gate - gate, gold - gold, breg - shore, full - povniy.

b) acknowledgment of the zaznichny, similar to the Russian J. For example: leader, clothing, need.

d) suffixes STVІЄ, CHY, YNYA, TVA, UCH, YUSCH, ASH, YASCH. For example: diya, kermanich, pride, battle, scho burn, carry.

e) prefixes IZ, IV, NIZ. For example: go, throw it away. Meanings: to create the flavor of the era, to give an ironic touch.

15. TRADITIONAL-POETIC WORDS - a group of words that were formed between the 18-19 centuries, and were adopted most importantly by poetry. Golovne dzherelo – words'yanizmi. For example: breg, voice, right hand, cholo, laniti, vogon, bush, lily, Trojans, myrti, hand, golden, licorice-sounding, tree, spring, day.

Significance: the past has a highly expressive vocabulary, without which there would be no desired poetic creation. Today we have an ironic impression, stylization.

16. FOLK-POETIC WORDS – words characteristic of traditional folk poetry. For example: ditinka, doshka, dorogenka, blakitny, sadness, talentless, goosebump, dumushka.

Meaning: create emotional hostility, especially expressing the foreign national Russian character.

17. ROZMOVNA VOCABULARY - these words. who get used to everyday thoughts, have a character of innocence, and this will not be used until later in writing and in books. For example: gazuvannya (carbonated water), bilobrisy (blond, a person with very light hair), zhuyka (chewing gum).

Significance: the book promotional context is given a clear meaning. It is studied in works of fiction using the method of general characteristics of characters.

18. SPACE OF WORDS - words. Expressions that are characterized by simplicity, a hint of rudeness, and service providers rely on the expression of sharp assessments. Spacious words stand between literary language and are often not expected in the original language. For example: head (head), tedious (unacceptable), rub (smіtsnitsya at Svidomosti).

Meaning: selecting the main characteristics of the heroes.

19. BOOK VOCABULARY - words that are familiar to us first in written language, found in scientific practices, official and business documents, journalism. For example: hypothesis (scientific assumption), genesis (idea), addressee (person to whom the sheet was sent).

Meaning: capturing the main characteristics of heroes, characters.

20. TERMS - words and synonyms that mean special concepts learned from science, technology, mysticism. For example: leg, hypotenuse, morphology, admonition, word.

Meaning: to serve for the precise, rigorous scientific purpose of scientific and special understanding. Vikorist to characterize the image of the middle part of the movie.

21. PHRASEOLOGISM - strong words that can depend on the whole meaning. For example: roll up your sleeves, take care of the apple of your eye, put your wheels in your wheels.

Meaning: to give your language brightness and virtuosity.

22. CRYSTAL WORDS - the bright and colorful words of writers, ancients, great figures, as well as popular sayings and orders. For example: Not food for the horse. How little has been lived, how much has been experienced.

Meaning: as a way of revealing the internal appearance of the character, the characteristics of his personal manner.

23. EMOTIONAL-EXPRESSIVE VOCABULARY - words that may have an evaluative character (as opposed to neutral vocabulary). For example: words with positive meanings - valiant, promenistic; words with negative meanings – viskochka, nonsense.

Meanings: the use of emotional-expressive vocabulary associated with specific tasks, melodic stylistic directness to the text.

SYNTACTIC FEATURES

Rhetorichne zverennya- Umovne zverennya up to anyone within the framework of the monologue. This brutality does not encourage dialogue and draws conclusions. In truth, this is a firm belief in the appearance of brutality. So, instead of saying “My place is gone,” a writer can say: “My place! How they treated you!”

This is important for those who are more emotional and special.

Syntactic features can be divided into 2 groups:

1. associated with repetitions

rich union,

bezspilka,

syntactic parallism,

gradation

2. not associated with repetitions

more rhetorical food,

more rhetorical viguk,

more rhetorical than beastly,

parcellation,

inversion,

paraphrase,

LEXICAL-SYNTACTICAL FEATURES

1. Oxymoron - a technique when one concept is defined through its impossibility. As a result, offended concepts often lose their sense and a new meaning is created. The peculiarity of the oxymoron is that it always provokes the generation of meaning: the reader, having encountered an unusual phrase, begins to “get” meaning. Writers and singers often use this technique, which allows them to say it briefly and succinctly. In a number of cases, the oxymoron appears in a word (“The Living Corpse” by L. M. Tolstoy, “Hot Snow” by Yu. Bondarev), for others it may be less noticeable, it reveals itself for a more thoughtful reading (“Dead Souls” by M. U. ). Gogol – even if there is no death in the soul, “dead green leaves” in Pushkin’s anchar – even if the green leaves of a tree bear a sign of life, not death).

2. Catachresis is an obviously illogical view that takes a different place. “That fish over there!” And her hands are as white as fish.” It is clear that we cannot have hands on fish, the metaphor is inspired by catachresis.

3. Antithesis - sharply presented, emphasized syntactically. A classic example of antithesis is Pushkin’s characterization of Lensky and Onegin’s words:

The stinks have settled. Kvilya ta stone,

Vershy and prose, ice and half

Not so different from each other.

We really appreciate that Pushkin’s antithesis is often taken as a step forward to make the situation ambiguous.

In a different way, analyze the list of terms listed in the application. Group them:

Mark the stitches with the letter “T”,

lexical features - "L",

syntactic features - "C".

What we have come up with (list of terms from the 2013 demo version project):

1. anaphora - Z

2. metaphor – T

3. hyperbole – T

4. professional vocabulary – L

5. parcellation - Z

6. lexical repetition - Z

7. Proposition - Z

8. Epitheties - T

9. contextual synonyms – L

With this rank, the area of the search for the indicated movable person sounded distinctly.

It is said that the first 3 parts are stitches.

They have a list of 3: metaphor, hyperbole, epithet.

We are no longer able to put them in proper order.

It’s easy to remember the significance of these special features by re-reading the indications on the butt guards.

The same value applies to the butts.

We arrange the numbers in the required order: 2,8,3.

The remaining food supply has lost its significance. It is not specified which group to go to. Therefore, we exclude from the list the stitches, because There is no point in repeating the numbers.

We lost 6 to understand. I'll re-read it again. The situation becomes clearer when we go back to the meaning of the propositions. Mova go about movny zasib for No. 6.

Zavdannya Viconano!

2. Find out the words from the review text: stitches, lexical features, syntactic features.

4. Group understanding.

5. Know the meaning of the things, understand them, and compare the butts.

6. Roztashuvati numbers are in order.

R USIYSKA MOVA

Ziryanova Olena

Scientific quarry:

Ziryanova Galina Ivanivna

Linguistic ways of expressing emotions

Emotional processes are influenced by various sciences: philosophy, psychology, linguistics. Linguistics, later than other sciences, has expanded to include the sphere of the emotional. Language is a particular expression of emotions. We know the world for the help of our thoughts and our selfishness to express our enemies, thoughts, emotions, feelings.

Before verbal ways of expressing emotions: l Exical methods, morphological, grammatical, stylistic, syntactic, figurative and creative features, language intonations.

Lexical ways of expressing emotions

The stock of emotional vocabulary has 3 groups:

Richly meaningful words that eliminated emotional confusion during figurative living. So about a person, meaning his character, we can say: drops, ganchirka, mattress, hanger(Emotions of Ignorance).

Words that convey different types: little son, donka, granny(positive emotions); beard, officialdom, burdensomeness(Negative).

The emotionality of vocabulary is often conveyed by particularly expressive vocabulary. Expressiveness – expressiveness, strength, showing sensitivity, experience. For example, replace the word garnium at the burial site you can say - miracle, miracle, miracle. Beyond the level of emotional stress, the word can have a number of expressive synonyms: misfortune - grief, catastrophe; violent - unstreaming, fierce.

Behind the emotional confusion one can see: the purity of words – brutality, unforgettable; rhetorical - comrade, congratulate; more poetic – blakytny, ospivuvat; fiery - blessed, newly blessed; ironic - kindly, Don Juans; familiar - garnenky, whisper; unpraiseworthy – pretentious, will pass; unimportant – malyuvati, screaming; unimportant – navushnuvati, podlabuznik; unimportant – sleeper, wimp; vulgar – grabber, peck; likes – boor, fool. In this way, words close to emotional expressions are classified into vocabulary of positive emotions and vocabulary that expresses a negative assessment of the words to understand.

Tired phraseological additions, additions, orders loom similarly emotional.

Rich Yarmoshka: a goat and a gut- Irony, mockery, lack of praise.

They did good - good and bad- Awe, disappointment, fear.

Shchob yomu empty bulo! - Covering up, irritation, dissatisfaction, etc.

II. Morphological ways of expressing emotions

Our emotions lie in the way we define them with the words of which parts of our language. So, mevery day This is part of the language, which includes the inevitable words that truly express our feelings and will: joy, turmoil, anger, regret, fear, anger, storminess, sorrow, expectations and others.

The heart is so full of fear! Oh!

Eh! Aje yak for evil!

From bi nina she was spared!

Oh, trouble is already near!

So my daughter checks on me.

Yakbi wanted to help. Oh!

Wow! Oh! Eh! Oh!

Wow... they didn't call!

Modal words- Words for the help of which the promoter evaluates his Vistula, which is expected. Possible meanings: lack of confidence, doubt ( maybe, maybe); emotional placement before the facts of action ( fortunately, marvelously, unfortunately, unfortunately, unfortunately etc.)

Pieces - Service words that give additional value, emotional implications. Apply: a) public-evaluation sections – what for! yak! Just well! (Well, what a neck, what an eye!); b) Part C-, which expresses woodiness, elegance. ( Sir, can I give you a hand?); c) part – KA z znі znіnannyam pom’akshennya vmogi ( Come out - as you see me).

4. Words of the category will become - express the state (mental, mental, physical, etc.) of a person, the most commonplace, the assessment of actions - summarily, cheerfully, joyfully, sumptuously, sumptuously. In Russian classics there are a lot of lyrical works, in which the words of the category will be widely used. Butt - virsh M.Yu. Lermontov “It’s boring, and it’s crazy, and there’s no one to give a hand to.”

III. Grammatic methods.

This is a useful tool for creating new words that express different emotional connotations, different suffixes and prefixes: 1) ambiguous-pastilent suffixes - enk-, onk-, -ink-, ushk-, yushk - ( road-road, hare - bunny, field - pole, gorobets - gorobets, bread - grain harvest); 2) suffix of subjective assessment -k-, -ok-, -ek- ( lamp - lamp, wind - wind, light - light, hut - hut); 3) prefixes: bolyache - duzhe, nadtsikavy, superhero; 4) the creation of a miraculous stage of application for additional attachments -Nai - and suffix -Sh- : beautiful - the most beautiful; for additional suffix help - eish- : horobry – horobry; 5) stage for leveling the slugs – simple leveling stage – brightly – brightly; warehouse leveling step - brighter, less bright.

With a butt, you can top the poem from Gorno-Altaisk - Oleksandri Zikova “About Batkivshchyna.”

From small Vitchizn great comes.

Like a quiet river

The Katun River flows into mine.

Strong from another bilink

I turf meadow of rotations.

Be like a little dewdrop, lost in the sky.

No less than a drop of dew, the bottom of the water between the currants, -

I whisper more than ever about Batkivshchyna.

IV. Stylistic methods.

One of the stylistic features, directly aimed at expressing emotions, is the leaf genre. The difference between emotional and expressive vocabulary is evident from the emotional content of the letter. For example: an official and business sheet and a special sheet. Of course, I can’t write a sheet of paper to my friend in an official business style, and I explain to my boss that I hardly ever want to say “Hello, my dear friend!”

V. Syntactic.

Syntax is the meaning, the emotional-logical relationship and the blending of words in the rivers where language is eventually divided. Artistic language, in principle, can be understood not only visually, but also aurally, with its lively and completely distinct intonation sound. The very creators of verbal mysticism can residually reveal all the emotional-figurative wealth of their ideological space.

Expression of emotions is possible through reinforcements, front structures, folding words with contractual conditions, contractual furnishings, non-contractual folding words with furnishing meanings.

Reinforced construction - meaning and intonation of the vision of other row members of the speech with the method of emotional, stylistic diversity: And what you, with your mind, Known from Nyomu. Neuzgodzhene vіdokremlena vyznacheniya – with your mind– can mother such emotional intoxication: burying ( you are so reasonable), nekhtuvannya ( low estimate of rose potential), rose enchantment ( you are reasonable, but they did it wrong).

Input propositions, inserted constructions. Their purpose is to add respect, additional additions, and clarification. Inserted food and the voice of the design express the emotions of the author or his installation to the following words, quotes: Open the door at the door tightly closed with your time and the light is already on the verge, as if nothing had happened, saving the wind (innocent cunning!) There's too much to blame for this.

Folding row propositions: A) with row clauses (indicate the supply of indirect expressions): I’m really glad (for what?) that you saw us. B) With consecutive furnishings and meanings: I will be even more embarrassed (what the hell?) because you don’t let us know. C) Compound propositions without complementary meanings: If you don’t let us in, I’ll be embarrassed.

It is worth remembering that complex propositions then give rise to emotional expression when a word is written, which is the word from which we put food.

VI. Educational-virazni, movni zasoby.

Virality of language (expressiveness) characterizes such powerful forms of language as ensure and promote respect and interest of readers and listeners.

Euphony (euphony) – Integration of sounds, easier for speech and hearing. The glooms fly, fall and, hovering, fly beyond the distant forests. This kind of cry evokes the emotions of entrapment, mercy, and exhilaration.

Cacophony (cacophony)- Nearby, unpleasant for sight and hearing sounds: Cry sadly about the departure of your dear friend. Here the expressions of emotions are confusion, confusion, sleepiness.

Sound recording: aliteration - proximity of vocal sounds ( Ledve quietly and silently conjuring lines) - emotions of awakening, fear.

Asonance- Proximity of vocal sounds: I will put a tight bow, I will bend the heard cibul into an arc, and there I will send our enemy to fortune and woe - burial, recovery, victory.

Antithesis- Proposed: The little thing is a worm, but the price is high- Zahoplennya, povaga.

Irony- stupid, sly alegory: Well, you shouldn’t be afraid! It’s unlikely that anyone would fall for such beauty.

Litota- navmisne application: Your dear dog is no bigger than a thimble- emotions of illness and disappointment.

Hyperbole – there's an overabundance: And the battle began, and rivers of blood flowed- Girkota, I’m sorry.

Oxymoron – vykoristannaya u podnannі sіv, sche ostoj protazheniya or irrational meaning: Marvel, how fun it is to be so naked- Capture, shedding.

Metonymy- Renaming, variety of meanings of boxes: This sculptor is especially strong in bronze- Emotions of being buried.

Language intonation.

Artistic language, as a result of its emotional imagery, emphasizes the revelation of all the features of its place as the correct placement of logical accents, and the placement of additional accents that may be emotionally significant. And viguki, and food, and animal husbandry, which come from the common language, extract all sorts of benefits, pleasures, and varieties, which are also practical actions from the side of those whom they place. Rhetorical nutrition, viguki and brutality to rob the language with more emotional and viral expression. The intonation of a language is a voice-consciousness, with the help of which the words are expressed and the meaning of the words is realized. One and proposition - I'm kicking you! - You can get used to such intonations that your spontologist believes in those that you really love, or in relation to this, you feel completely different. Dividing signs in speeches with direct words serve to express the emotional infusion of the author’s words, to express his emotions.

Motivational intonation is especially important if we want to make ourselves feel comfortable and reach others. The example may be another famous Girnicho-Altai poem by Lilia Yusupova.

The dog was crying in the yard,

Thin and pitiful, as if I were sleeping.

Nemov about a joyless fate

I wanted to tell everything to the Lord.

To feel this blessing

I for my whole life and my dog

Having sent her a friend and a booth,

And a large brush for extra.

The place fell asleep, full of worries.

It's still raining, don't get too tired.

And sounding a dog monologue,

It tears my soul apart.

In this way, emotions as a linguistic phenomenon are a way to reveal your feelings, to evoke the song of the speakers. Emotions are different, but I would like to thank everyone so that you have more than positive emotions in the face of too much conflict with the great and powerful Russian mine.

Literature

1. Anikina V.P. Russian proverbs and orders - M.: Artistic literature, 1988.

2. Golub I.B. Russian language - M., 2006

3. Goltsova N.G. Russian language 10-11 grades - M.: Russian Word, 2006.

4. Zikova A. Crown of Katun: Vibran. - Girnicho-Altaysk, 2001

5. Ozhegov S.I. Tlumachny Dictionary of Russian: 4th edition, add. - M., 2001.

6. Rosenthal D.E. Help from Russian language. - M.:, 2001.

7. A new type of student's guide: a universal beginner's guide. - St. Petersburg, 2003.

8. Yusupova L. Secondary portrait. - Girnicho-Altaysk, 1999.

This lecture examines the importance of ways of connecting words in a text, as well as lexical, morphological and syntactic ways of connecting words.

Ways to create a link between the words in the text

This lecture examines the importance of ways of connecting words in a text, as well as lexical, morphological and syntactic ways of connecting words.

Lecture plan

82.1. Ways to link words in text

82.2. Add a link to the text from the text

82.1. Ways to link words in text

The text is presented in spoken or written form, which is characterized by semantic and structural completeness, the author’s directives to what is received, directness and a pragmatic approach to the message.

Whatever the text is, there is a structure in front of us. The viscosity of the text is manifested in the fact that the cutaneous proposition will be based on the front, absorbing one or another part. Those that are repeated in the following speech from the previous one are called “given”, and those that are repeated in addition are called “new”. “New” appears to be a logical voice and stands close to a sentence.

For example:

A well was dug in the yard. Along the well (tse) a toad (nova) settled. She sat all day long in the shade of the well.

The role of the “given” is to link propositions with each other. The role of the “new” is in the development of the thought of the text. To link the words in the text, “given” and “new”, two ways of linking are suggested:

lancet call
parallel link

Lantsyugov's call encourages the latest development of thought, which is why it is dynamic in its character. With Lantsyug’s connection, the “new” of the first sentence becomes “danim” for another, “new” for another – “danim” for the third one. Propositions, even though they are floating one at a time, are soon pushed forward and thus the larynx of thoughts and the roar arises. It turns out that the words are closely welded together, and, being isolated, they are freed from the possibility of independent living, since they contain lexico-grammatical indicators of connection with previous words (repetition of a keyword, replacement of its synonym mom, synonymous phrase, borrower, repetition one or another member of the proposition).

For example:

Here a thunderstorm followed. Vaughn sent out a rishuchi gurkit on a busy summer night. Grem, already at the height of his strength, fell in love with the dry, welcoming breath and wandered for a long time along the mountain.

Parallel link Represents over-arrangement, arrangement and opposition. In case of parallel connection between primordial propositions, the terms of simple conjunctiveness are established. The theme of the skin attack is not related to the previous one, but is indicated by the fact that they are located in the same area, for example, they reveal a detail of one hidden picture, a description of the lower parts, actions, positions, paintings, etc. get excited. In other words, the sentences are not completed, but are composed with the same syntactic constructions (the same order of words, the members of the sentence are expressed in the same forms).

For example, butt (N.S. Valgin butt):

A storm swept over St. Petersburg, as youth was turned away. The rareboard hovered near the window. The Neva swelled before our eyes and overflowed through the granite. People ran through the Budinki, soaking in the raindrops. The wind splashed the black greatcoats. It was vaguely light, ominous and cold, then subsided, then flared up, when the wind blew over the place, a gentle gloom.

Here the skin proposition is significant, because their lexical content is completely independent (there are no indicator words; no words that contain the meanings of entire constructions; no words ів - “representatives” of other constructions). The common thread of all these propositions is the logical-semantic unity - the relationship between the hidden (the storm was raging) and the private (the Neva was drying up...; People were passing by...; The wind was splashing...; The light was either falling or flaring up... ) description of the picture. These structural indicators of unification can be called either parallelism of everyday speech (ambiguity, but a new order of expansion of the members of the grammatical basis - subject and adjective), as well as avoidance of species-hour forms of adverbs-adjectives (stormed, whipped, with puffed, ran through, chlo, puffed) .

Lantsyugov's and parallel links can be connected within the boundaries of one text, creating mixed type:

For example:

Bіlie aired self-contained

The fog of the sea is shining!

What are you kidding? Vin at the far edge?

Throwing what Vin at the edge of the native land?

Between the first and other rivers, as well as between the first and third, there is a lancet connection (vitrilo - vin), between the other and third rivers there is a parallel connection.

82.2. Add a link to the text from the text

The thematic unity and semantic completeness of the text are created through the methods of various sources.

Lexical characteristics of the linking of the speech in the text:

1) lexical repeat- this is the repetition of a word or the use of a cognate word to achieve accuracy and coherence to the text, which allows you to preserve the integrity of those. In different styles and genres, lexical repetition is used in different ways: for example, for scientific and official business texts, word repetition is the main factor of coherence. Repetition also tends to be effective in this type of text, such as the description.

For example:

An old man lives on the edge of the village Bobil. Bula Bobilya own house and dog.

2) synonymous replacement- This is the replacement of a word in one word with a synonym or a synonymous word in another. Call for vikoryst where the brightness of language and imagery are needed: in the journalistic style, in the style of fiction

For example:

In the photo of Brestsk fort. More precisely, only this small - central - part. Thoughts need to be continued and closed with a hoop on the double-top high-grade belt of the barracks. A church-club was built to stand at the center of the two-kilometer ring citadels

Artists painted from Antioch depicted a clearing on the walls Artemidi. Goddess metal arrows and a short red tunic heavenly mislive Maynula in the wind.

3) vikoristannya antonyms.

For example:

One buv high age, other — low growth.

4) generic words, then. words associated with the positions rіd - view: rіd - as a broader concept, view - as a more sophisticated one.

For example:

Whose fox has so many dear hearts of Russians tree. Ale in front of us you mark the trunks of the khans birch trees.

5) getting used to it from one thematic group.

For example:

Russian life has a lot of Karamazovs, but still it doesn’t stink steer the ship's course . Sailors important, and even more important for captain and wind turbine, tiller and mirror , How the ideal is oriented.

Morphological characteristics of the speech link in the text:

1) the number of species and time forms - experience of children of one type and one hour It reinforces the timely accuracy of the text. Thus, in the description, as a rule, words are described incompletely similar to the form, but in the description - completely analogous.

For example:

Sergiy Muravyov-Apostol, having emerged from the shelters, was seriously injured. cost directly. Vin come up to the point of being rude sticks out to her with numb hands.

Letaki flew in so rapt that no one dared to throw themselves at the chasm. І everything wasted straight to the ground.

2)borrower replacement, tobto. replacing the name or other part of your language with a borrower - expanding your connection.

For example:

And the fates came and went; Swiftly and quietly, like muddy waters, youth flowed by Deer, from external inactivity, from internal struggle and troubles. girlfriend she has there was no: from all the girls who took over the Strakhovs’ house, won I didn’t get along with Zhoda.

3)vykoristannya spіlok, parts, introductory words, Acting in ways that connect the middle of propositions, they can also connect the entire text.

For example, introductory words oh well, oh well And others ask you to link the remaining part of the text with the entire front part.

Having said that after being found out in court, we cannot do this. Adje The brutality about the pardon shows the recognition of guilt. A She doesn’t recognize her guilt and it’s impossible to write words of repentance.

4)narrations for significant times and spaces Allow us to clarify the time and space characteristics of the text.

For example:

Today the ring has been broken in many places. Until the forty-first fate, it was solemn, with three gates.

Syntactic features of the speech connection in the text:

1) syntactic parallism- The number of propositions is similar to the order of the members of the proposition from the point of view).

For example:

You need to be present. You need to be ruthless until the end.

2) parcellation- seeing a member, more often than one in a row, after speckling the appearance of an independent proposition.

For example:

For example, in the 80s, people stopped fishing. Not in order to save the herd, to let the young ones walk... But because the caught fish became unsafe for the people.

3) acquisition of a proposition- combining several propositions with one typical meaning with a syntactically parallel link.

For example:

Chagarnik and dribnolissya. Motor-like silence before evening. Movchasny overgrowth. The Great Fire of the Forty rose in one place.

4) propositional-squeaky type

For example:

Let's move on to the offensive part of the discussion.

This has been talked about more.

Yak alreadywas noticed... etc.

5) words are words that do not reveal their semantics within the framework of one proposition(most often this role is played by the surroundings of the place and time).

For example:

Today the technical equipment of the topographer, surveyor, and cartographer has changed. Without leaving your home, you can use additional aerial photographs to create a map of any region of our region. New radiometric devices make it possible to achieve high accuracy when the map is folded.

In this manner, we looked at the link between the words and the text. It is clear that the names of the events do not capture all the variety of connections between the words in the text. Moreover, the texts often simultaneously highlight the features of different rivals:

For example:

The history of Russian culture may be small, but good collection Vikon. Created by the great efforts of the Pskov expeditions of the Spyvrobitniki to the Hermitage, this collection allows you to follow the patterns of iconography of the Novgorod, Pskov, Moscow schools and especially rare icons of “dung leaves”.(This version has lexical repetition and vocative borrower)

Date: 2010-05-22 10:54:54

Pereglyadiv: 69672