Growing teeth in humans 03. Growing teeth right in the mouth when it appears in Russia. About the "worldwide conspiracy of dentists"

Toothache is one of the most excruciating and most common. Increasingly, scientists and doctors suggest not just treating teeth, but growing others instead of damaged ones. Head of the Department of Pathophysiology, Professor of the Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry Igor Malyshev made a report on this problem at the European Congress of Dentists in Dublin. Today he answers the questions of the "RG" observer.

Igor Yuryevich, people are talking about growing teeth more and more often. Messages from the USA, Japan, England, Finland, France, China ... And in your center they are persistently looking for such a way to solve the dental problem. Are all the available methods of getting rid of dental diseases not the most effective?

Igor Malyshev: I would not want to be so categorical. The methods available are very effective. But they all have one common flaw: each method has its own limited useful life. Whether it is the most modern filling or the most modern implant. I really want to replace the broken teeth with those that do not cause any trouble and are perceived as their own. And research shows that this is entirely possible.

Perhaps when?

Igor Malyshev: I cannot give the exact date. And no one will name it. So far we are doing the following. There are two directions of dental restoration recognized in the world. The first is the growing of a tooth from its germ.

Where do you get the germ?

Igor Malyshev: And here again there are two ways. You can take it from the embryo. This procedure is only possible under a microscope. We took this rudiment from the embryo. Then they put him under the kidney capsule. Why kidneys? Because there is a very good blood supply here. Ideal body temperature. And literally in two weeks a small tooth grows. This tooth can be planted in the jaw hole instead of the removed one. And the process started: a normal tooth will grow.

How simple it is! How long did you go to this result?

Igor Malyshev: The first were the Japanese, and they went to him for ten years. It was easier for us, and we got the result in a year and a half.

But the Japanese have not yet succeeded in using these results in medical practice. Why?

Igor Malyshev: It is extremely difficult to get a tooth germ from an embryo.

Don't throw out your baby teeth that are falling out. They are a storehouse of stem cells

And there is no replacement for the embryo? The same stem cells from which you grow what you want, where you want ...

Igor Malyshev: Your question has really tormented scientists all over the world for decades. Indeed, methods have been developed that can be used to construct a tooth germ from stem cells.

Why didn't they design it?

Igor Malyshev: Designed. This is done. Bioengineered teeth are obtained. But this is still an experiment. There is also a second direction for creating new teeth.

Is it necessary? Don't you reject the first one?

Igor Malyshev: We do not reject. But the end result is important. That is, the transition from the experimental stage to the clinic. And the second approach is more clinically acceptable. It consists in reconstructing a tooth using bioprinting directly in the tooth socket.

But in this case, you can not do without a robot? Am I wrong?

Igor Malyshev: You are not mistaken. This is one of the advantages of this direction. That is, to "print" a new tooth at any distance from the applicant of this tooth. STANKIN University and 3D Bioprinting Solutions laboratories help us to realize this direction. Work in these two directions is headed by Corresponding Member of the Russian Academy of Sciences Oleg Yanushevich. It is necessary to print with living tooth cells, which will help to recreate both the tooth tissue and the entire tooth itself.

But where to get these living cells?

Igor Malyshev: They can be taken from the most extracted tooth. Its pulp contains them in the right amount.

And we throw away the extracted teeth ...

Igor Malyshev: Soon we will stop throwing it away. Moreover, there will be banks for storing the stem cells of a particular person's tooth. And it is even more important not to throw out the falling milk teeth. They are a storehouse of stem cells. They must be stored carefully. Because of them, if the need arises, you can grow not only teeth. This way you can solve the problem of organ and tissue deficiency for transplant, and get rid of the rejection of the transplanted.

A bright future awaits us. But again: when?

Igor Malyshev: According to the most optimistic forecasts, this will take at least ten years. Maybe more. Although science is now developing at an unpredictable pace.

Growing teeth- bioengineering technology, the ultimate goal of which is the creation / reconstruction of full-fledged new molars in humans or animals.

Human use is possible no earlier than the 2020s - 2030s.

2002 - British scientists have learned to grow almost whole, but weak teeth from individual cells.

2007 - Japanese scientists have grown almost complete new teeth in mice, but without a root.

2009 - full-fledged teeth for mice were grown from stem cells, and even a dental root was grown, previously it was not possible, but there is also a problem, it is that the grown teeth turned out to be slightly smaller than the "native" teeth.

2017 - Scientists managed to grow a new young tooth in place of the old one in an empty alveolus. To do this, they created a tooth frame from natural materials and grew a new tooth in it with the help of stem cells and a growth stimulator in just 2 months.

Chinese researchers have shown that stem cells obtained from urine can be used to create organs and tissues, including teeth. To begin with, they turned cells harvested from urine into iPSCs. Then, epithelial cells connected to each other in the form of a flat sheet were obtained from the iPSC cell culture. By mixing these cells with embryonic mouse mesenchyme cells, they transplanted them into mice. Three weeks later, a formation that physically and structurally resembles human teeth has grown and contains pulp, dentin and cells that form enamel. According to some scientists, by modifying this method, it will be possible to create bioengineered tooth buds in vitro, and then transplant them into the patient's jaw to grow fully functional tooth

External - the tooth is grown separately and implanted into the patient.
Internal - the tooth is grown directly in the patient's mouth.

Growing new teeth - even in three rows, if desired, is just around the corner. Scientists have discovered genes that are responsible for the formation of tooth enamel and the growth of whole teeth. And they could, at their discretion, either deprive animals of their teeth, or grow teeth anywhere.

Researchers from the University of Zurich, led by Professor Thimios Mitsiadis, found that the anlage of the face and dental system is formed during intrauterine development from the epithelium and mesenchyme of the embryo. Violation of this process leads to the development of maxillofacial pathologies - defects in the development of teeth, cleft lip and cleft palate.

Scientists decided to conduct research on special transgenic mice to find out the pattern of temporal and spatial involvement of genes in the development of the dental system and the face. And at the same time and accurately determine which genes are responsible for caries and the destruction of dental tissue.

Toothless mice

For the experiment, the Tbx 1 gene transcription factor was artificially violated in experimental animals. The absence of this gene plays a fundamental role in the development of Di Giorgi syndrome, in which a person develops a number of deformities of the heart, thymus, parathyroid gland, face and teeth. And also tooth enamel, which the authors of the work call "the hardest organic tissue."

Tooth enamel, according to the researchers, is formed by the mineralization of certain proteins that are secreted by the epithelial cells of the tooth - ameloblasts. These cells produce enamel before the tooth begins to erupt from the gum.

It turned out that mice with disabled Tbx 1 showed a deficiency in both enamel and ameloblasts. True, laboratory animals did not live very long and the scientists had to end the experiment on long-lived tissue cultures, which made it possible to trace the growth of teeth to full maturity.

The link between enamel production and genes was also discovered by Mitsiadis's colleagues at the University of Oregon. True, according to their data, the lack of enamel is affected by the disabling of the transcription factor of another gene - Ctip 2.

Stem cell teeth

Scientists from Zurich also found that Tbx 1 is involved in the production of stem cells of the dental epithelium, which in turn form ameloblasts. Therefore, Mitsiadis believes that in some cases, stem cells can be used for restorative therapy for genetic dental abnormalities. “These cells may be useful in the future for new transplant technologies,” explains the professor. “Understanding the genetic mechanisms that govern the growth and repair of teeth will allow us to produce new products and tissues to replace injured and diseased teeth. Although it is not worth betting on stem cells alone. "

Mice with cleft palates and shark teeth

Researchers from the University of Rochester Medical Center, led by Dr. Rulang Jiang, decided not to stop at studying the origin of tooth enamel. They decided to find out how the teeth themselves grow. And for this, they also turned to the period of face formation during the development of the fetus.

For science, laboratory mice again had to "suffer with teeth". Scientists have bred modified animals in which the Osr 2 gene was “turned off” - apparently, a “colleague” of Tbx 1. His “area of ​​responsibility” included prevention of tooth deformation and the appearance of a cleft palate, a congenital defect in which the two halves of the palate do not join. forming a gap.

"Knocking out" Osr 2 led to the fact that the mice were born with a cleft palate. In addition, their teeth grew beyond the normal growth line. This fact interested Jung so much that he decided to leave the wolf's mouth alone for a while and focused on studying the ways of teeth growth.

The first sign of tooth formation in mammalian embryos is the thickening of the epithelium along the jaw line. This indicates that a group of cells has formed, which is called the dental plate. Since all teeth are subsequently formed from this plate, scientists have suggested that some special quality of epithelial cells makes them suitable for this process. Previous studies have shown that teeth may have emerged from epithelium that is not normally involved in the dental plate. But how the signals for tooth growth outside the dentition were manifested, the scientists did not know.

Studies in other laboratories have also shown that the bone morphogenetic protein Bmp 4 is needed to initiate tooth growth. It has its own signal booster, the Msx 1 protein. Therefore, Jang and colleagues suggested that there is some unknown factor that limited Osr 2 teeth growth in one row, blocking Bmp 4.

Further investigation showed that the concentration of the active Osr 2 gene increases in the bud of the jaws in the direction from the cheek to the tongue. And the concentration of Bmp 4 increases in the opposite direction. Moreover, if Osr 2 does not work, then the activity of Bmp 4 spreads beyond the dentition, and is not limited only to the dental plate. And then the teeth can grow far beyond the "traditional" for mammals dentition.

Where to grow teeth

Again, Jang did not stop there. He decided to find out why mammals have a distance between their teeth. And why sometimes it is not there and the adjacent teeth look fused together. Therefore, the researchers again took up the mice, in which both the Osr 2 gene and the Msx 1 gene were removed.

Experimental mice, lacking only Msx 1, were unable to grow a single tooth. And for those who had both squirrels turned off, only the first molars were grown. The experiment allowed scientists to say that even if there is no Osr 2 that puts the teeth in place, then the Bmp 4 protein is quite enough for something in the mouth to grow. But without Msx 1, the Bmp 4 signal was not amplified enough to start the construction of the next tooth in the row.

Professor Jang theorized that Bmp 4 works with other factors in tooth formation to help create a "demarcation zone" around each tooth where nothing grows. When the tooth is almost ripe, Msx 1 decreases the growth inhibit level and the next tooth begins to develop, driven by Bmp 4.

Since not only the teeth grow, but the jaw as well, each tooth must receive a signal that the jaw bone has grown enough for it. Here, according to Jang, lies the mechanism of the formation of the cleft palate.

The plans of the Rochester team are to accurately track the genetic chain that controls the copying of teeth and the development of the palate. Well, in order to keep up with colleagues from Zurich, to understand how stem cells can be used to treat the cleft palate. And growing teeth from scratch.

Materials about the difficult formation of teeth in their place can be read on the website of the University of Rochester Medical Center in the journal Science.

Teeth can now be grown in vitro

As one saying goes, teeth can be acquired. But soon, it seems, it will be possible to acquire not artificial teeth, but real ones. Only teeth grown in a test tube. Japanese scientists told us about it.

Japanese scientists have reported that they have succeeded in replacing a mouse tooth with one grown in a laboratory from cells and functioning similarly to the original.

To grow a full-fledged tooth, scientists used primitive cells that are slightly higher than stem cells - mesenchymal and epithelial. Cellular material was injected into the collagen scaffold to support the entire body.

After growing the tooth, they found that it was about 1.3 millimeters long and took on a mature form, which consisted of complete parts such as dentin, pulp, vessels, periodontal tissue and enamel. The scientists then removed the incisor of an eight-week-old mouse and implanted a grown tooth in its place. An examination, carried out two weeks later, showed that the new tooth grows exactly like an ordinary tooth, it has taken root and is functioning absolutely normally.

Growing a tooth was only the first step in the development of this revolutionary and promising technology.

Thus, the performed operation became the first successful experience of successfully replacing an entire organ with bioengineered materials. The researchers note that there are two ways to grow a tooth: either in organ culture or in a special capsule attached to the liver of another mouse. The growth process takes 14 days.

The method will allow whole organs to be grown from one or two cells, the researchers say, although they do not deny that they still have a lot of work to study this truly revolutionary achievement.

Source: www.moscowuniversityclub.ru

The main imperfection of nature with regards to human teeth is their reproduction from only two variants of rudiments, which are formed at the stage of intrauterine development, long before the moment of birth.

From the first rudiment, genetically incorporated in the first weeks of pregnancy, temporary, milk crowns subsequently appear, and from the second - permanent organs that will serve a person throughout his life. Ideally, of course.

Often teeth do not stand the test of time and need to be replaced with artificial devices. And although the restoration of the lost fragments of the jaw row is very popular, modern science sets itself much more global tasks - organ growing. It should be noted that there are already some first successes in this.

The history of the first scientific developments on this topic goes back to the beginning of the two thousandth. England became the first state where such developments began in 2002.

Initially, the experiments were carried out, as usual, on rats, then a more perfect organism, a young pig, was connected to the experiment.

Known at that time for her advanced views on the possibilities of modern medicine, Pamela Yelik, for several months observed the action of immature animal cell materials under the influence of special enzymes.

Dental tissues were artificially transferred onto a thin polymer surface. After a certain time, it completely decomposed, and the resulting decay products were planted in rats.

The result of such efforts was the emergence of new coronal tissues with qualitatively inappropriate dentin, complete absence of hard enamel and a deformed root. However, the first steps have been taken.

A few years later, the experiment was continued by Tokyo scientists. Having grown new organs, and implanted them in rats, they received the formed dental material in the complete absence of the root part.

Responsible genes

The first gene responsible for the development, and, consequently, the growth of organ tissues, was identified by specialists from the Zurich profile university.

The gene was named "Jagged2". It is he who is responsible for the formation and further development of the tooth.

• enamel is formed by mineralization of a protein product secreted by epithelial cells;
• organ plate arises at the stage of intrauterine formation of a person.

The reason for the growth pathology was the Osr 2 gene, the dysfunction of which leads to anomalies of the anatomical structure of the jaw row.

Msx -1 is a gene that enhances bone protein production and accelerates natural tissue regeneration and growth at the molecular level. If you turn off its action, the child will not grow a single organ.

Scientists in Oregon have found that there is another gene that is responsible for the quality of the formation of the human oral cavity - Ctip 2.

It was the knowledge of these patterns that made it possible to make a breakthrough in this field of dentistry. It was concluded that if the genetic activity is programmed in the correct way, it is possible not only to effectively deal with dental anomalies, but also to start the processes of independent restoration of the destroyed organ.

The ways

Despite the fact that work in this field of medicine does not stop even for a day, and scientists put forward a lot of hypotheses and systems for the regeneration of tooth tissues, only two methods of artificial organ cultivation have been finally confirmed by practical results, which are officially recognized by WHO (unfortunately, so far only theoretically possible):

• outer;
• interior.

It is advisable to consider in more detail the fundamental features of each of them as a use case in the near future.

Interior

The merit in the conducted studies confirming the possibility of returning full-fledged teeth to a person belongs to a geneticist from Ukraine, who suggested injecting stem cells taken from human milk organs into the area where it is necessary to recreate the lost fragment of the jaw row.

Having reached the gums, the cells begin to multiply actively, and after a while, a new organ will appear. The whole process should take about 4 months. The advantage of the technique is its simplicity, the disadvantage is in a long time period.

At the moment, due to the high cost, the financing of the project has been temporarily suspended.

Outer

The method is based on two theories - the cultivation of tissues based on stem cells, replacing the human body with a culture of organic origin or in a special test tube, for which the animal (currently a rat) will serve as an incubator. Its role is played by the liver of the animal - it is to it, according to the idea of ​​scientists, that the capsule will be attached.

It is worth noting that Japanese geneticists carried out step by step all the manipulations associated with this technique and received a completely full-fledged natural material obtained by artificial means.

At the same time, stem tissues have been successfully replaced with epithelial tissues, which significantly reduces the cost of such a procedure.

The tooth obtained in this way has acquired the necessary shape, which has everything that is needed for its normal functioning - pulp, blood vessels, dentin, enamel. In addition, the time was spent several times less than in the Ukrainian version. It took only a couple of weeks from the start of the build-up to its completion.

And although so far all studies have been carried out on the mouse family, in which organs are dozens of times smaller than those of an adult, the fact remains that the organ takes root well, develops and functions normally afterwards.

Innovative techniques

It has already become clear that growing teeth is a reality that will soon find its application. While there are several ways to do this. The methods are innovative, are being finalized, but they have excellent prospects for widespread use.

Stem cell implantation

The most popular topic in scientific genetics. Certain manipulations carried out by scientists with stem cells taken from a living organism provide a unique opportunity to recreate and return to life any lost or damaged part of the body, including fragments of the oral cavity.

To start the growth and development of tissue, you just need to take a set of stem cells, carry out a series of molecular operations with them and implant into the desired area of ​​the body. After that, all actions stop for a certain time, and the tooth begins to gradually acquire the specified size and shape.

The ideal solution for such actions is the cells of the gum tissue or fragments of the brain. The downside is that the latter method of extracting the material is more painful for the patient, which limits the possibility of its use.

Currently, scientists have learned to use adjacent healthy fragments of the jaw row as an initial component. So far, everything is being tested only on animals, but with a rather optimistic outlook.

Watch the video for a breakthrough in modern dentistry.

Exposure to ultrasound

The technique assumes an absolutely painless procedure at all stages of the tissue augmentation process. The principle of operation is as follows.

With the use of point ultrasound, the flow of its oscillations reaches the area as accurately as possible, in which a new tooth, fully performing its functions, should subsequently appear. The pulses provide continuous targeted stimulation of the desired gingival area.

The technique does not seem as simple as the one described above, however, it can absolutely objectively be called the most original and unique. In addition, there is a tremendous potential of opportunities here that can open up huge opportunities for prosthetics and dental practice in general.

Laser exposure

Laser correction is one of the most fantastic ideas ever put forward on this subject. However, it is seen as very real. The operation is painless, like all similar technologies.

Having studied and tested animal cells in detail, experts noticed the emergence of new, oxygen-containing molecular structures, which became the product of laser radiation.

Under the direct influence of molecules, damaged tissues were restored and new tissues were formed. So the regenerating ability of tissues to recover from their treatment with lasers was proved.

A little later, the experiment was carried out on human cells. And again, a positive result - the tissues became more active and began to regenerate.

Methods of influencing the subconscious

The influence on the subconscious level on the regeneration processes is a scientifically proven fact. The following theories have been most successful in this matter.

Petrov's method

Briefly it looks like this:

• the patient draws a figurative picture of the lost fragment, with an accurate understanding of its structure;
• virtually extracting 1 stem cell, mentally planting it in an empty space;
• then begins to constantly think about the processes of its division and reproduction, building an imaginative form;
• recreates those experienced in the process of teething in childhood and adolescence;
• gives the body a mindset to launch all recovery processes, switching consciousness to other problem areas.

Veretennikov's method

Has many points of contact with Petrov's technology. Differs in the recommendation of sequential restoration, fully consistent with the natural order of eruption:

• incisors from below in the center;
• the same, from above;
• incisors located in the lateral region of the jaw;
• first indigenous;
• fangs;
• indigenous small of the second stage;
• indigenous large.

The following actions are assumed:

• at the site of destruction, visualize a small tooth and imagine how it gradually increases in size, causing itching, sometimes pain during eruption. Try to keep these sensations in memory for a short time;
• recreate the force of pressure at the site of the expected growth;
• independently set and pronounce aloud the setting for process regeneration.

In the video, see the process of growing according to the Veretennikov method.

Stolbov's method

Based on the principles:

• belief in the impossible;
• complete rejection of addictions that take away vitality (smoking, alcohol);
• remove extra pounds;
• learn to listen and understand the signals that the body sends;
• grow tissues by visualizing them.

Shichko's method

Its essence is in the qualitative analysis of information and self-hypnosis before going to bed. The author is sure that in such a state the patient is able to independently correct his subconscious, the main thing:

• desire it;
• do not doubt success;
• record personal achievements in a diary;
• do not use particles - negatives.

Criticism

A significant percentage of specialists are very pessimistic not so much about the methods, but about the very idea of ​​restoring teeth in humans. They doubt that the behavior of stem cells can be consciously controlled.

In addition, they believe that the problems that may arise during the growing process are undoubtedly more than the possible dubious result from such procedures. There are also concerns about the likelihood of a growing organ engrafting in a new place, considering this percentage to be minimal.

It is highly likely, in their opinion, that the implanted organ may mutate, and the result will not be as expected. For example, a completely different type of tooth may turn out than originally intended.

Possible complications

The most likely complications in these attempts to grow dental tissue can be:

• rejection by the body of the planted material, albeit of natural content, however, grown artificially;
• the occurrence of irreversible anatomical developmental pathologies;
• uncontrolled activity of stem cells at all stages of the procedure;

Expected prices

Despite the fact that everything is still going on at the testing stage, many are interested in the price question, how profitable is it and will there be those willing to pay that kind of money?

Presumably, we can say that the cost will be quite affordable for many and comparable to the cost of implantation. In the meantime, those wishing to take part in a pilot experiment are ready to pay about 3 thousand euros to grow a single fragment.

The main disadvantage of our teeth is that they grow from only two groups of primordia formed during intrauterine development. From the first group, milk crowns appear, from the second - permanent ones.

If a permanent tooth is lost, it can only be replaced with an artificial one, which cannot fully perform its natural functions, and even in this case, the procedure is not shown to everyone. This prompted scientists to think about growing human teeth.

To date, after conducting a large number of studies and experiments, it has still been possible to grow a tooth.

From the history

The first developments on this project were started in England in 2002... For their experiment, a group of scientists used piglet crowns six months of age and rats.

The research team was led by Pamela Yelik. The pigs had withdrawn immature cells of dental tissue, which placed into enzymes.

Innovation in dentistry

After their formation, cells carried over on a polymer plate, which gradually decomposed in the process of cell development. Fully formed rudiments implanted in rats.

Exactly 3 months later, the rats developed new crowns with defective dentin, complete absence of enamel, and an unformed root.

Based on previous research, the experiment was continued by scientists from the University of Sciences of the city. Tokyo in 2007... Takashi Tsuji and his colleagues were able to grow new teeth and successfully implant them in young mice.

The newly grown organs fully fulfilled their functions. They had formed dental tissues and lacked the root part.

The best result was achieved by the same group, but already in 2009... For their research, Tokyo scientists used a different technology, different from the one that had been applied earlier. To form the rudiment, they took mouse cells, responsible for the development and growth of teeth, and stimulated their growth in the collagen environment.

Then planted rudiments in place of the removed crowns. In their place, normal teeth have grown with a full-fledged crown and root part. During growth, the pulp was formed a neurovascular bundle responsible for the further nutrition of the dental tissue.

Genes

Scientists at the University of Zurich undertook to identify the gene responsible for the growth of teeth. They revealed that these processes are responsible for Jagged2 gene and a section of the chromosome with the name Notch... It was found that in the absence of activity of this gene, Notch begins to work with pronounced errors.

Based on the data obtained, scientists continued their research and isolated the gene responsible for formation of the correct position of the crown - Osr2... When it was deactivated, deformation of the dentition was found with the growth of crowns outside of it, as well as the formation of a cleft palate.

Artificially growing new teeth in humans

Per initiation of primordium formation gene responds Msx1... The experiment showed that in the presence of this gene and with the disabling of the others listed here above, individual organs nevertheless developed. However, when they were activated and Msx1 was turned off, no primordia developed.

Based on the data obtained, the scientists came to the conclusion that it is impossible to grow teeth without the Msx1 gene.

Stem cell rudiments

Professor Mitsiadis, after a detailed study of the relationship between gene activity and the development of primordia, revealed that genes those responsible for their formation take an active part in stem cell production dental tissue.

Based on this, some scientists have come to believe that stem cells can be used as a repair therapy for genetically induced anomalies in a number of teeth.

These cells are the only ones with the ability to restore damaged cells of the body, replacing them by their division.

To form a crown the stem cell is placed in an empty alveolar socket and left alone. Over time, it forms there a new germ and then a tooth.

At the same time, the growth process is accompanied by the same sensations as in childhood. The shape of the crown and root does not differ from real teeth.

The only nuance of this method is that with age stem cell count hopelessly decreasing... If at the age of 25 years you can find one such cell in 100 thousand, then 50 years old 1 cell is in 500 thousand.

Moreover, material collection process for cell isolation very painful... Therefore, at the moment, scientists are more engaged in the development of methods that would make it possible to collect material more efficiently and less painfully.

Experiments on animals

Photo: growing a real living tooth

The stem cell complex was transplanted into mice. In order to be able to trace the process in detail, green fluorescent protein, safe for the body of mice, was added to the cells.

This experiment ended with the appearance of a new tooth. Studies have shown the following:

• grown crown and root in shape they do not differ from a real tooth;
• the anatomical structure included exactly the same elements: pulp, neurovascular bundle, dentin, enamel;
• dental tissue had high strength that allows you to fully perform all functions;
• the size of the coronal part was slightly smaller than the standard indicators.

This video describes the techniques that helped scientists achieve their first results:

The ways

In theory, there are 2 methods for growing human teeth: internal and external.

Interior

This method involves growing directly in the human oral cavity... The internal method was developed by a Ukrainian scientist and consists in the introduction of stem cells into empty alveolar wells. For this, he proposes to use the cells allocated from the fallen milk crowns.

They need inject under the mucous membrane by injection... About 3 or 4 months, the cells actively multiply and the primordium is formed. At the end of this period, a new tooth appears.

At the moment, this method is the simplest, but long-term. In addition, he never received a detailed study due to lack of funding.

Outer

The external method involves the formation of a tooth outside the mouth and then its further introduction into the alveolar bone hole for engraftment. To do this, they propose to use two methods of growing:

1. In organic culture. For this, cells of a primitive type are used: mesenchymal and epithelial... The combination of these cells is placed in a collagen scaffold to form the bud.

   Then the germ is transferred to organic culture and after 2 weeks a tooth with enamel, dentin, vessels and pulp is obtained. These times are typical for growing the mouse crown, the size of which was only 1.3 mm.

2. In a special test tube. In this case, exactly the same cells and the principle of the formation of the rudiment are used, but in the future it is placed not in organic matter, but in a capsule.

   In order to ensure the growth of the crown, the capsule is inserted into the liver of the mouse. The timing of tooth formation in this case is no different from the first method.

Soon humanity will be able to grow new teeth on its own

Side effects

Despite the success of all recent research, these developments are still not actively developed. This is primarily due to the side effects that may accompany this procedure.

When replanting a tooth or growing it impossible to control growth rates each of its elements. In a normal process, the neurovascular bundle should develop at the same rate as dentin.

Otherwise, you can get initially pathological crown, which can affect both the health of the oral cavity and any body systems.

There is also a problem related to the body's immune response on the cells being introduced. Perceiving them as foreign bodies, the immune system will reject them in every possible way.

To minimize the risk of such a situation, the patient will have to take serious dosages of immunosuppressants, which can completely deprive him of immunity for life.

The main disadvantage of the ongoing developments is the lack of a combined approach that would take into account all the nuances of this procedure and its consequences.

Criticism

Most scientists, even when studying the already confirmed positive data, are of the opinion that these are useless, meaningless developments.

In their opinion, a single cultivation of a tooth in a mouse does not yet serve as proof that stem cells will always behave predictably.

In addition, these manipulations are associated with such the number of problems and questions, which no scientist can solve yet.

Also, many are confused by the effectiveness of engraftment of an artificially obtained rudiment. Not so long ago, doctors attempted implantation the patient's own teeth from one part of the jaw arch to another.

This technique has shown so much low survival rate, which is not widely used in dentistry. Judging by the unsuccessful result of this method, a grown tooth that differs little from its own may simply not take root.

Many are confused by the fact that when replanting an embryo it is difficult to predict the type of tooth that will grow. For example, a molar or incisor will erupt at the site of the canine.

When will the service appear?

Encouraged by the positive result, the Tokyo scientists set out to further explore the area. To date, they are successfully working on the differentiation of the created primordia, which would allow precise positioning of the alveolar ridge section with the crown number.

Novelties in dentistry of the future: growing teeth

The scale and pace of research led scientists to suggest that closer to 2030 the method of growing human teeth will become widespread and will gradually replace prosthetics and implantation.

Price

According to scientists, this technique will have the same cost as standard prosthetics using implantation, since its cost is not so high.

But if we take into account the marketing of the market, then even with wide distribution, at least 10 years after its appearance in clinics this service will the most expensive of all dental work.

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2 Comments

• Katya

  October 8, 2016 at 01:45 PM

  Ambiguous feelings after reading. It is not entirely clear why you need to grow a tooth, which, moreover, it is not known which one will grow. Prosthetics, in my opinion, is now at a fairly high level. The materials used in dentures are sometimes superior in quality to natural teeth. Whether it is worth bothering so much and risking health is not clear.

• Lina

  October 19, 2016 at 04:16 AM

  Dentistry specialists probably still need to do a good job on the procedure for growing teeth. While it is not yet completely harmless to humans and does more harm than good. Although - not a bad idea. In general, now there are enough methods that allow you to renew your teeth. For example building, or prosthetics. The main thing is to find a good specialist.

• Dasha

  November 7, 2016 at 12:34 AM

  Everything develops and science does not stand still, I think it's good, let scientists develop and research this technique! Prosthetics is certainly an option, but for now, I think many will opt for a more natural and natural tooth. When all the risks are minimized, and the issue is sufficiently studied, then the procedure is likely to become simple and familiar for all of us, as, for example, professional teeth cleaning at the dentist or whitening (this will surprise no one).

• Sasha

  January 17, 2017 at 09:50 AM

  I agree with Dasha. It is not clear why there is not enough funding for scientific research that helps human health! What do people only think about !? In my opinion, it is in scientific research that a happy healthy future lies. And the sooner widespread adoption begins, the better. Previously, the potato was considered an inedible plant and only its flowers were used for decoration. Growing teeth, in my opinion, is simply brilliant. Why not try shark cells ?!)

• Svetlana

  April 4, 2017 at 03:59 AM

  Prosthetics are now developed at a high level, this is a fact, but no super modern dentures can replace natural teeth! It is good that science does not stand still. 20 years ago, they did not know anything about the same implants, but now they are used everywhere. The idea of ​​growing teeth is simply grandiose! I hope that by my old age this technology will have time to be introduced and it will be possible to do without removable jaws in a glass.

• Alexander

  September 23, 2017 at 06:08 AM

  Well, what is being done now and when will such technologies be available to the common man in the street?
  As for why such technologies are needed, the implant approaches a natural tooth in aesthetic and functional properties, surpassing bridges and false jaws. This is already progress and a reason to develop and introduce new technologies. But a natural tooth allows not only chewing, but also receiving information, fully sensing food. Or all kinds of dirols with orbits :)))
  As for the growing of teeth and implantation - everyone eats and will have their own niches. Those who have a chronic disorder in the body - artificial constructions have their advantages: they put "above the situation". And for those who have lost their teeth due to injuries or lack of culture of care, it is precisely the newly grown teeth that will be useful.

Relatively recently, Japanese scientists have grown the first tooth, which has taken root in the mouth of a test rodent. This news aroused the interest of everyone: dentists, journalists, clinic patients. Will reproductive medicine become available to us in the near future?

Growing teeth in humans is far from a standard direction in dentistry, which Japanese scientists have recently taken up. Many dream to renew the row in such a way that the removed "sixes" and incisors, for example, can recover on their own.

Is it real? On average, by the age of 50, a person may be missing up to ten units in the jaw, and young people may also lose part of the dentition. All of this is due to injury, illness, and other causes. In this case, patients go to clinics, where they are offered prosthetics services. It is logical: modern implantation methods allow quickly and efficiently returning teeth. One of these ways to restore a smile is the use of fixed prosthetics, which has been developing in the world for twenty years. This was not enough for scientific medicine: experiments, experiments again. Sensational statements make you wonder: is it possible to grow a new tooth, how do we grow an apple tree seedling?

Theory and practice from Japan

Representatives of reproductive medicine in Japan have made a march in science and grown from stem cells the first tooth that looks like a real one. And they even implanted it into ... rodents. Experience has shown a positive result, but it is too early for a person to declare such a practice.

Is growing new teeth a myth?

The technology for growing human teeth has not been fully defined. Some say that the jaw implies a change to the third row. It is as much a regenerating element of the human body as hair or nails.

Dentistry does not deny the possibility of such a renewal, but in practice, in the third circle, no one has yet grown new teeth. There are several world phenomena - centenarians, who, after the mark of one hundred years, began to observe the growth of the rudiments of incisors. This is an exception to the rule and a sensation that journalists and TV channels are happy to pay attention to.

In theory, those who have lost the upper or lower jaw are left with cells that can act as catalysts for tooth buds. Ambiguous myths haunt those who are thinking about the choice in favor of implantation. The All-on-4 fixed prosthetics system restores a smile, restores the chewing function of the jaw in just one day. Is it possible to determine the time that scientists can spend on similar cultivation?

Japanese scientists are exploring the possibility of dental restoration

Here is an example of a laboratory with Japanese scientists who are closely engaged in the study of genetic materials and the development of stem cells. According to the statements of those who conducted the experiments, the stage of "growing the tooth" lasted for about a month.

Then the new tooth was literally "planted" in the gum, and only after forty days the experimental rodents began to use it. Gnaw the fingers of laboratory assistants at the opportunity and the cells in which they were. On average, it took two and a half months for the first experience.

The method of growing teeth for this group of subjects (we mean rodents) was based on genetic changes.

In other words, it is necessary to create a certain mutation that will generate the growth of teeth along the third circle. There are no assumptions about the side effects of such an intervention, even theoretical. What can the human body expect when the structure of genes changes and new cells are introduced?

For the future

Growing teeth in humans is a process that will take a decade to study, maybe several. At the moment, regaining your teeth and going on business after the weekend is possible without risks and health complications. Experts demonstrate a clear result on the examples of patients who have installed All-on-4 fixed prosthetics on a daily basis. Aesthetic appeal, health and comfort are one of the main tasks that specialists solve together using a fixed prosthesis system.

Sometimes, at an appointment or consultation, patients are interested in growing new teeth. It is worth debunking the myths and affirmatively declaring: at the moment this is not possible. Cultivation technologies are available to scientists who are engaged in reproductive medicine in this direction.

In modern dentistry, innovation is prosthetics. Based on world experience and the best representatives in the field of implantation, we can return teeth in the shortest possible time - only 24 hours.

Recall the indications and benefits for All-on-4:

• Fixed system;
• Lack of bone grafting;
• Stable fixation;
• Installation of the structure in just one day;
• No contraindications;
• The possibility of implantation of implants and the return of teeth in case of diabetes mellitus, smoking, periodontal disease, etc.

A story that now seems unrealistic may well find its continuation in a few decades. We recommend not to wait so long, but to sign up for a consultation in case of problems!