Heroes of the Great Patriotic War. Young defenders of our homeland during the Great Patriotic War Defenders of the Patriotic War

Fifty great deeds of Soviet soldiers worthy of memory and admiration ...

1) Only 30 minutes were allocated by the command of the Wehrmacht to suppress the resistance of the border guards. However, the 13th outpost under the command of A. Lopatin fought for more than 10 days and the Brest Fortress for more than a month.

2) At 4 hours 25 minutes on June 22, 1941, the pilot senior lieutenant I. Ivanov made an air ram. This was the first feat in the course of the war; awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union.

3) The frontier guards and units of the Red Army launched the first counterattack already on June 23. They liberated the city of Przemysl, and two groups of border guards broke into Zasanje (the territory of Poland occupied by Germany), where they defeated the headquarters of the German division and the Gestapo, while liberating many prisoners.

4) During heavy battles with tanks and assault guns of the enemy, the gunner of the 76 mm gun of the 636th anti-tank artillery regiment, Alexander Serov, destroyed 18 tanks and assault guns of the Nazis during June 23 and 24, 1941. Relatives received two funerals, but the brave warrior survived. The veteran was recently awarded the title of Hero of Russia.

5) On the night of August 8, 1941, a group of Baltic Fleet bombers under the command of Colonel E. Preobrazhensky made the first air raid on Berlin. These raids continued until September 4th.

6) Lieutenant Dmitry Lavrinenko from the 4th tank brigade is rightfully considered the number one tank ace. For three months of fighting in September-November 1941, he destroyed 52 enemy tanks in 28 battles. Unfortunately, the brave tanker died in November 1941 near Moscow.

7) The most unique record of the Great Patriotic War was set by the crew of Senior Lieutenant Zinovy ​​Kolobanov on the "KV" tank from the 1st Armored Division. For 3 hours of battle in the area of ​​the "Voiskovitsy" state farm (Leningrad region), he destroyed 22 enemy tanks.

8) In the battle for Zhitomir near the farm of Nizhnekumsky on December 31, 1943, the crew of junior lieutenant Ivan Golub (13th Guards Tank Brigade of the 4th Guards Tank Corps.) Destroyed 5 "tigers", 2 "panthers", 5 guns of a hundred fascists.

9) An anti-tank gun crew consisting of senior sergeant R. Sinyavsky and corporal A. Mukozobov (542nd rifle regiment, 161th rifle regiment) destroyed 17 enemy tanks and assault guns in the battles near Minsk from June 22 to 26. For this feat, the soldiers were awarded the Order of the Red Banner.

10) Calculation of the guns of the 197th Guards. regiment of the 92nd Guards. rifle division (152 mm howitzer) consisting of brothers of the guard senior sergeant Dmitry Lukanin and guard sergeant Yakov Lukanin from October 1943 until the end of the war destroyed 37 tanks and armored personnel carriers and more than 600 enemy soldiers and officers. For the battle near the village of Kaluzhino, Dnepropetrovsk region, the fighters were awarded the high title of Hero of the Soviet Union. Now their 152-mm howitzer cannon is installed in the Military-Historical Museum of Artillery, Engineering Troops and Signal Corps. (St. Petersburg).

11) Sergeant Petr Petrov, the commander of the 37 mm gun of the 93rd separate anti-aircraft artillery battalion, is rightfully considered the most effective anti-aircraft ace. In June-September 1942, his crew destroyed 20 enemy aircraft. The crew under the command of a senior sergeant (632th anti-aircraft artillery regiment) destroyed 18 enemy aircraft.

12) For two years, the calculation of the 37 mm guns of the 75 Guards. army anti-aircraft artillery regiment under the command of the guards. Sergeant Major Nikolai Botsman destroyed 15 enemy aircraft. The latter were shot down in the sky over Berlin.

13) The gunner of the 1st Baltic Front, Klavdia Barkhotkina, hit 12 enemy air targets.

14) The most productive of the Soviet boats was Lieutenant Commander Alexander Shabalin (Northern Fleet), he led the destruction of 32 enemy warships and transports (as the commander of a boat, a flight and a detachment of torpedo boats). For his exploits A. Shabalin was twice awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union.

15) For several months of fighting on the Bryansk front, a fighter of the fighter detachment, Private Vasily Putchin, only destroyed 37 enemy tanks with grenades and Molotov cocktails.

16) At the height of the fighting on the Kursk Bulge on July 7, 1943, the machine gunner of the 1019 regiment, senior sergeant Yakov Studennikov, alone (the rest of his crew died) fought for two days. Wounded, he managed to repel 10 attacks of the Nazis and destroyed more than 300 Nazis. For the feat he was awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union.

17) About the feat of the soldiers 316 s.d. (Divisional Commander Major General I. Panfilov) at the well-known crossing of Dubosekovo on November 16, 1941, 28 tank destroyers met the blow of 50 tanks, of which 18 were destroyed. Hundreds of enemy soldiers found their end at Dubosekovo. But few know about the feat of the soldiers of the 1378th regiment of the 87th division. On December 17, 1942, in the area of ​​the village of Verkhne-Kumsky, the soldiers of the company of senior lieutenant Nikolai Naumov with two calculations of anti-tank rifles while defending an altitude of 1372 m repelled 3 attacks of enemy tanks and infantry. Several more attacks the next day. All 24 fighters were killed defending the hill, but the enemy lost 18 tanks and hundreds of infantry.

18) In the battle of Stalingrad on 01.09.1943, machine gunner sergeant Khanpasha Nuradilov destroyed 920 fascists.

19) In the Battle of Stalingrad, in one battle on December 21, 1942, Marine I. Kaplunov knocked out 9 enemy tanks. He knocked out 5 and, being seriously wounded, knocked out 4 more tanks.

20) In the days of the Battle of Kursk on July 6, 1943, Guards pilot Lieutenant A. Gorovets took a battle with 20 enemy aircraft, and shot down 9 of them.

21) On account of the crew of the submarine under the command of P. Grishchenko 19 sunk enemy ships, and in the initial period of the war.

22) Pilot of the Northern Fleet B. Safonov from June 1941 to May 1942 shot down 30 enemy aircraft and became the first twice Hero of the Soviet Union in the Great Patriotic War.

23) During the defense of Leningrad, sniper F. Dyachenko killed 425 Nazis.

24) The first decree on conferring the title of Hero of the Soviet Union during the war was adopted by the Presidium of the USSR Armed Forces on July 8, 1941. It was awarded to pilots M. Zhukov, S. Zdorovets, P. Kharitonov for air rams in the sky of Leningrad.

25) The famous pilot I. Kozhedub received the third Gold Star - at the age of 25, the artilleryman A. Shilin the second Gold Star - at the age of 20.

26) In the Great Patriotic War, five schoolchildren under the age of 16 received the title of Hero: Sasha Chekalin and Lyonya Golikov at 15, Valya Kotik, Marat Kazei and Zina Portnova at 14.

27) The pilots brothers Boris and Dmitry Glinka (Dmitry later became twice a Hero), tankmen Yevsey and Matvey Vainrubs, partisans Yevgeny and Gennady Ignatovs, Pilots Tamara and Vladimir Konstantinovs, Zoya and Alexander Kosmodemyanskiy, brothers pilots Sergei and Alexander Kurzenkov, became Heroes of the Soviet Union. brothers Alexander and Peter Lizyukov, twin brothers Dmitry and Yakov Lukanin, brothers Nikolai and Mikhail Panichkin.

28) More than 300 Soviet soldiers covered the enemy embrasures with their bodies, about 500 aviators used an air ram in battle, over 300 crews sent wrecked planes to the concentration of enemy troops.

29) During the war, more than 6,200 partisan detachments and underground groups operated in the rear of the enemy, in which there were more than 1,000,000 national avengers.

30) During the war years, 5,300,000 orders and 7,580,000 medals were awarded.

31) There were about 600,000 women in the active army, more than 150,000 of them were awarded orders and medals, 86 were awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union.

32) 10,900 times regiments and divisions were awarded the Order of the USSR, 29 units and formations have 5 or more awards.

33) During the years of the Great Patriotic War, 41,000 people were awarded the Order of Lenin, of which 36,000 were awarded for military exploits. More than 200 military units and formations were awarded the Order of Lenin.

34) More than 300,000 people were awarded the Order of the Red Banner during the war.

35) For heroic deeds during the Great Patriotic War, more than 2,860,000 were awarded the Order of the Red Star.

36) The Order of Suvorov 1st degree was first awarded to G. Zhukov, the Order of Suvorov 2nd degree No. 1 was received by Major General of Tank Forces V. Badanov.

37) Lieutenant General N. Galanin was awarded the Order of Kutuzov 1st degree No. 1, General A. Danilo was awarded the Order of Bohdan Khmelnitsky 1st degree No. 1.

38) During the war years, 340 were awarded the Order of Suvorov 1st degree, 2nd degree - 2100, 3rd degree - 300, Order of Ushakov 1st degree - 30, 2nd degree - 180, Order of Kutuzov 1st degrees - 570, 2nd degree - 2570, 3rd degree - 2200, Order of Nakhimov 1st degree - 70, 2nd degree - 350, Order of Bogdan Khmelnitsky 1st degree - 200, 2nd degree - 1450 , 3rd degree - 5,400, the Order of Alexander Nevsky - 40,000.

39) The Order of the Great Patriotic War of the 1st degree No. 1 was awarded to the family of the deceased senior political instructor V. Konyukhov.

40) The Order of the Great War of War, 2nd degree, was awarded to the parents of the deceased senior lieutenant P. Razhkin.

41) N. Petrov received six Orders of the Red Banner during the years of the Great Patriotic War. The four Orders of the Patriotic War were awarded for the feat of N. Yanenkov and D. Panchuk. Six Orders of the Red Star were awarded to I. Panchenko.

42) Petty Officer N. Zaletov received the Order of Glory, 1st class No. 1.

43) 2577 people became full holders of the Order of Glory. After the warriors, 8 full holders of the Order of Glory became Heroes of Socialist Labor.

44) During the war years, the Order of Glory of the 3rd degree was awarded to about 980,000 people, of the 2nd and 1st degrees - more than 46,000 people.

45) Only 4 people - Hero of the Soviet Union - are full holders of the Order of Glory. These are artillerymen of the guard senior sergeants A. Alyoshin and N. Kuznetsov, infantry sergeant P. Dubina, pilot senior lieutenant I. Drachenko, who lived in Kiev in the last years of his life.

46) During the Great Patriotic War, more than 4,000,000 people were awarded the medal "For Courage", and "For Military Merit" - 3,320,000.

47) Six medals "For Courage" were awarded to the military exploit of intelligence officer V. Breev.

48) The youngest of those awarded the medal "For Military Merit" - six-year-old Seryozha Aleshkov.

49) The medal "Partisan of the Great Patriotic War" 1st degree was awarded to more than 56,000 people, 2nd degree - about 71,000 people.

50) 185,000 people were awarded orders and medals for the feat behind enemy lines.

Law and Duty # 5, 2011

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Heroes of the Great Patriotic War (1941-1945):

• Fifty facts: the exploits of Soviet soldiers during the Great Patriotic War- Law and Duty
• 5 myths about the beginning of the war from the military historian Alexei Isaev- Thomas
• Victory or Victory: how we fought- Sergey Fedosov
• The Red Army through the eyes of the Wehrmacht: confrontation of the spirit- Eurasian Youth Union
• Otto Skorzeny: "Why didn't we take Moscow?"- Oles Buzina
• In the first air battle - don't touch anything... How aircraft shooters were trained and how they fought - Maxim Krupinov
• Saboteurs from the village school- Vladimir Tikhomirov
• Ossetian shepherd killed 108 Germans in one battle at 23- Сont
• Mad Warrior Jack Churchill- Wikipedia

Mass heroism of the defenders of the Motherland during the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945

History knows no more large-scale, fierce, destructive and bloody confrontation than the struggle of our people against the fascist aggressors. In the war of 1941-1945. the fate of not only our Fatherland was decided, but also of many other peoples and countries - essentially of all mankind. Therefore, the feat of our compatriots who defeated fascism and won the Great Victory is eternal and holy.

Heroic deeds of warriors in major battles

Having violated the non-aggression pact, Nazi Germany at dawn on June 22, 1941. invaded the territory of the Soviet Union. Events at the front developed rapidly. Having created an overwhelming superiority of forces in the directions of the main attacks, the enemy suddenly attacked Soviet troops that were not on alert and broke through their defenses. At the same time, the invaders met with stubborn resistance, unexpected for them. With only small arms, border guards stood to death. The legendary garrison of the Brest Fortress held back the enemy for a month, three times, passed from hand to hand Przemysl. Sometimes the Red Army men did not have enough grenades, but they stood to the end. The human deeds of those who repulsed the first onslaught of the enemy, defending their land to their last breath, who, dying, managed to write on the wall of the Brest Fortress with their own blood: “I am dying, but I do not give up! Goodbye, Motherland! " However, despite the heroism of our troops, the enemy continued the offensive along the entire length of the Soviet-German front.

Fierce battles took place on the outskirts of Leningrad. Soviet troops tried to hold back the powerful onslaught of the enemy, stubbornly defending each line. While in an ambush, the heavy tank of Senior Lieutenant Z. Kolobanov destroyed a German tank column. Skillfully and courageously operating mechanics-drivers N. Nikiforov, N. Rodnikov, gun commander A. Usov, radio operator-machine gunner P. Kiselnikov were able to knock out 22 enemy tanks. Covering the retreat of his comrades, Marine Sergeant V. Veresov blew himself up and the Germans who surrounded him with the last grenade. At the cost of large, losses, only on September 8, the German troops of Army Group "North" managed to reach the southern outskirts of the city, and the Finnish army blockaded Leningrad from the north. The heroic Leningrad blockade, full of tragedy, began.

The people of Leningrad showed courage, heroism, self-sacrifice at that time. Near Vyborg, one survivor, the twice wounded gunner of the gun, Sergeant V. Nikolaev, fired. He did not leave the position until the enemy retreated. Private V. Merkelov, swimming across the river, burst into the trench of the taken aback by the Nazis, destroyed several Nazis and ensured the battalion's crossing. Sniper Private F. Smolyachkov destroyed 125 enemies in three months.

The main efforts of the Nazi troops in the fall of 1941 were aimed at capturing the Soviet capital - on September 30, the Battle of Moscow began. Near the village of Strokovo, 7 sappers, led by junior lieutenant P. Firstov, held back the attacks of 20 enemy tanks and an infantry battalion all day. Soon the whole country learned about the feat of 28 Panfilov heroes, at the cost of their lives stopped 50 German tanks at the Dubosekovo junction. Under Klin, Sergeant V. Vasilkovsky closed the embrasure of the pillbox with his chest, at Volokolamsk his feat was repeated by Senior Sergeant S. Kulikov.

In the area of ​​Naro-Fominsk, the soldiers of the 33rd Army of General M. Efremov stood to death. In these battles, the fighters of the 1st battalion of the 1287th rifle regiment of the 110th rifle division, headed by the battalion commissar N. Zaitsev, covered themselves with unfading glory. For almost two days, being surrounded in the area of ​​a brick factory, they repelled the fierce attacks of the enemy.

After a failed attempt to break through the defenses of the Soviet troops, the bloodshed Army Group Center was forced to go on the defensive itself. And already on December 5-6, 1941, Soviet troops launched a counteroffensive, as a result of which the enemy was thrown back by 100

250 km to the west. The offensive impulse of the fighters was unstoppable. Neither deep snow, nor frost, nor fierce enemy resistance could stop the Soviet soldier. Machine gunner I. Urban only in one battle destroyed about 40 Nazis. Private Ya. Paderin, the father of six children, without hesitation, covered the enemy's firing point with his body, which threatened to disrupt the regiment's attack.

By the summer of 1942, the fascist leadership concentrated its main efforts on the southern wing of the Soviet-German front, betting on the seizure of the oil regions of the Caucasus and the fertile regions of the Don, Kuban, and the Lower Volga region. The implementation of these plans would allow Turkey and Japan to be drawn into the war against the USSR.

As a result of unsuccessful battles for our troops in the spring and early summer of 1942 in the Kharkov region and in the Crimea, the enemy again seized the strategic initiative and launched a general offensive at the end of June. Under the blows of the Wehrmacht, Soviet troops left the eastern regions of Donbass and the right bank of the Don. By mid-July, German troops entered the great bend of the Don, creating a threat of a breakthrough to the Volga and the Caucasus. On July 17, 1942, the Battle of Stalingrad began, one of the greatest and fiercest battles of the Second World War.

Despite the fierce attacks of the enemy, Stalingrad lived. Every house, every block, every street turned into impregnable fortresses. The legendary Pavlov House, Mamayev Kurgan, a tractor plant - here every piece of land fought with the enemy. Snipers V. Zaitsev, A. Chekhov, V. Medvedev destroyed the Nazis with well-aimed shots (each had more than 200 of them, and the sniper A. Sashara had 299). Taisiya Patanina led her tank here, knocking out 3 enemy tanks in one battle, destroying 2 cannons, a bunker and more than 80 Nazis. Here sailor Mikhail Panikakha, engulfed in flames, rushed to the enemy tank. It was impossible to defeat such people.

The crushing defeat of the enemy on the Volga was followed by a series of new attacks by our troops, which resulted in a general offensive on a huge front from Lake Ladoga to the foothills of the Caucasus. The blockade of Leningrad was broken. The enemy was expelled from the North Caucasus and the Upper Don.

The Wehrmacht command, seeking to seize the initiative, planned in the summer of 1943 to conduct a major strategic offensive operation in the Kursk salient area, defeat the Soviet troops here and subsequently, building on this success, once again create a threat to Moscow. To this end, on July 5, the enemy launched an offensive, but Soviet troops managed to hold back his onslaught.

In the battle near Prokhorovka, the tank's crew consisting of the guard of lieutenant V. Shalandin, guard of sergeants V. Kustov, P. Zelenin, V. Lekomtsev, knocking out several enemy tanks, rammed the "tiger" with their burning car. Tankmen junior lieutenant N. Berezhnoy and sergeant N. Shvets destroyed four heavy enemy tanks. Anti-aircraft gunner Sergeant Kalinin shot down 3 German planes. Remaining the only one alive from the calculation of the gun, Sergeant Ts. Raskovinsky shot 9 tanks and 3 vehicles with infantry. Until the last shell, the last gunner of the battery, gunner Skomorokhov, kept in position, and did not retreat before the enemy. Under enemy fire, A. Yegorov restored communications seven times. Private I. Vdovytchenko with a grenade rushed under the tank. The immortal deeds of the heroes of the fiery Kursk Bulge are inscribed in national history in golden letters.

Marshal of the Soviet Union A. Vasilevsky, assessing the significance of the Battle of Kursk, wrote: “... We not only won the battle, but also grew up in it. We have learned to better discern the intentions of the enemy. We had enough will, character, just endurance and nerves to ... not give the enemy another chance. "

The victories of the Soviet troops in the grandiose battles on the Volga and near Kursk in 1943 were of decisive importance for the further course and outcome of not only the Great Patriotic War, but the entire Second World War. Under the blows of the Soviet troops, the German armies rolled back to the west.

Soviet troops were advancing rapidly. In the spring of 1944, Crimea and Right-Bank Ukraine were liberated. In the summer of 1944, Soviet troops launched a powerful offensive in Karelia, Belarus, the Baltic States, Western Ukraine and Moldova. The enemy fiercely resisted and retreated. Liberating Poland, the tank crew of the guard of junior lieutenant A. Bodrov, consisting of the guard of senior sergeants I. Kotarev, F. Korobov and E. Surovtsev, was the first to break into the town of Nowy Miasto. Cut off from their own, the tankers fought in the midst of the enemy. Panic-stricken, the Nazis fled. When the fellow soldiers of the brave crew reached the city square, they saw a burning tank, around which the corpses of the Nazis, warped vehicles and crushed guns lay scattered around.

Liberating the countries of Europe from fascism, Soviet soldiers marched forward, despising death. It is to them that Europe owes its salvation. They walked through the smoke of conflagrations, deadly fire, explosions of mines and shells. They swam across rivers, stormed cities, threw themselves into the embrasures of the pillboxes, paving the way to the enemy's lair with fire and bayonets. Liberated Poland and Romania were left behind ”Hungary, Czechoslovakia, Bulgaria, Yugoslavia, Austria, Norway, Denmark. And there was Victory ahead.

Admiring the courage and mass heroism of the soldiers, Marshal of the Soviet Union K. Rokossovsky wrote in his memoirs: “Millions became heroes. The soldiers stood to death at the last lines, threw themselves into the embrasures of the enemy pillboxes with their chest, pilots and tankers went to the ram without hesitation. Everyone was heroes - those who rushed to the attack through the wall of fire, and those who built bridges under the shells and pulled wires to command posts. Glory to you, wonderful Soviet people! I am happy to have been with you during these years. "

Mass heroism is the source of patriotism today

The Great Patriotic War showed what a truly unlimited power lurks in the masses if they are waging a sacred struggle for their Fatherland. During the war, patriotism became widespread and became the norm of behavior for Soviet soldiers. This is evidenced by the following facts.

1. The homeland highly appreciated the dedication of the soldiers. Over 7 million people were awarded orders and medals for their courage and heroism during the war.

More than 11.6 thousand people were awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union - the highest degree of military distinction, over 100 of them received this title twice, and G. Zhukov, I. Kozhedub and A. Pokryshkin - three times.

2. Representatives of all branches of the Armed Forces and combat arms have shown massive heroism.

In the Ground Forces, 8447 people were awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union.

Warriors-aviators performed many feats in air battles. 2332 of them became Heroes of the Soviet Union.

The Navy made an important contribution to the victory. In battles on the sea and on land, the best qualities of Soviet sailors were manifested - patriotism, military valor, unparalleled courage, heroism. For the deeds accomplished during the Great Patriotic War, 513 sailors became Heroes of the Soviet Union.

3. Collective feats are a striking example of mass heroism during the Great Patriotic War.

For example, on January 29, 1942, in one of the battles in the Novgorod region, machine guns immediately hit from three enemy bunkers. A platoon of the 299th Infantry Regiment was caught in a fire bag. The closest to the bunkers were Sergeant I. Gerasimenko, privates A. Krasilov and L. Cheremnov, who understood that the enemy would need only a few minutes to destroy the platoon. Without saying a word, they rushed to the embrasures of the bunkers. The machine guns fell silent, the platoon continued the offensive. During the Great Patriotic War, 8 similar group feats were performed.

4. During the Great Patriotic War, the conscious self-sacrifice of Soviet soldiers was also characteristic. Therefore, such heroes had many followers, twin heroes.

So, the feat of Alexander Matrosov, who closed the embrasure of the enemy bunker with his body on February 23, 1943, was repeated by more than 400 soldiers. And the first such a feat was accomplished by A. Pankratov, junior political instructor of a tank company on August 24, 1941, in a battle for the settlement of Spass-Nereditsa near Novgorod.

Feats and self-sacrifice were performed not only on land, but also in the air and at sea. Already on the first day of the Great Patriotic War, 20 of our pilots carried out air rams against German aircraft that had invaded the country's airspace. Among them were senior lieutenant I. Ivanov, junior lieutenant L. Butelin, lieutenant P. Ryabtsev, lieutenant S. Gudimov and others.

Battering ram is a weapon of heroes. It was not caused by despair, not by accidental encounter in battle. This is a deliberate, deeply thought-out act of selflessness and fearlessness, a manifestation of boundless courage with honed military skill, a daring onslaught with precise calculation and endurance. Three times Hero of the Soviet Union A. Pokryshkin believed that “the ramming strike was a weapon of the courageous Soviet pilots who skillfully owned the plane. Battering ram demanded a virtuoso possession of the machine, exceptional endurance, iron nerves, a huge mental impulse. "

During the years of the Great Patriotic War, more than 600 air rams were produced, mainly by fighter pilots, but they were also used by the crews of attack aircraft and bombers.

There were also land-based fiery rams of our brave pilots. The most famous of them is the feat of the bomber crew headed by Captain N. Gastello. On June 26, 1941, this crew sent their burning plane to a column of enemy tanks, cars and petrol tanks. The crew was killed, but the enemy suffered heavy losses. Since the beginning of the Great Patriotic War, the ram of ground targets was used by Soviet pilots more than 500 times.

During the war years, there were also over 60 tank rams, and 14 times the commanders of armored boats rammed German submarines, self-propelled barges with enemy manpower and equipment.

5. Mass heroism was shown not only by individual soldiers or groups of brave men, but also by whole units and formations. On this occasion, Marshal of the Soviet Union, twice Hero of the Soviet Union V. Chuikov wrote: “I, a participant in many battles on the fronts of the Great Patriotic War, had a chance to endure many difficult, sometimes unbearably difficult days. But the most powerful thing that remains in the memory of those trials is a sense of pride in the heroism of our soldiers. Defending the sacred borders on the banks of the Volga, or storming enemy fortifications along the entire arduous route from the Volga to Berlin, they literally knew no fear in battle. Whole regiments, divisions went under fire and, acting decisively, using the military equipment handed to them at full power, emerged victorious. No water, no fire, no showers of lead, no whirlwinds of torn iron that hit them in the face at every step, no heat, no cold in the icy trenches - nothing prevented them from fighting for the freedom and honor of their beloved Motherland with all their might. "

During the war years, 10,900 awards were made to units, ships and formations for successful hostilities, 17 armies and over 500 formations and units were reorganized into guards. Many compounds and units have been awarded honorary titles.

In honor of the massive feat of the Soviet people, some cities were awarded the high title of "Hero City". There are villages in the country that are famous for the whole constellation of Heroes of the Soviet Union. For example, the village of Shipunovo, Altai Territory, is home to 16 Cavaliers of the Golden Star.

In Russia there are many schools, vocational schools, graduates of which have repeatedly received the highest distinction of the Motherland. Thus, eight graduates of the Volsk school No. 1 during the war years were awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union, including the legendary pilot junior lieutenant V. Talalikhin. Seven heroes were brought up by the 47th Perm secondary school.

Many future heroes were trained in military schools and academies. It is safe to say that every army, corps, division, many regiments and battalions raised Heroes of the Soviet Union. To follow their example, to continue the fighting traditions of fathers and grandfathers is the duty and the most important task of the current generation of Russian soldiers.

Many lines in the chronicle of heroism were written, as already noted, by Soviet soldiers during the Great Patriotic War. This is an invaluable spiritual asset of our people, which does not lose its significance over time. This property is always capable of touching the innermost strings of a person's soul, inspiring him to feat both in peaceful life and in battle.

The participants of the Great Patriotic War are sure that their heroic deeds will always inspire new generations of young people, soldiers to selfless deeds worthy of the glory of their fathers and grandfathers. All the post-war years were a vivid confirmation of this. There are many examples of courage, heroism, resilience shown by soldiers, sergeants and officers in local wars and conflicts or in the course of military training.

Thus, on November 28, 1973, Captain Gennady Eliseev rammed an unmarked intruder on a MiG-21 interceptor aircraft near the southern border over the Caucasus. In the same place, on July 18, 1981, Captain Valentin Kulyapin shot down an unmarked military intruder by air ramming.

A harsh school of testing for the new generation of our soldiers was the fighting in Afghanistan, where they were part of the Limited contingent of Soviet troops at the request of the Afghan government. And the soldiers passed this test, honestly fulfilled their military duty. Demonstrating examples of courage and heroism in the course of hostilities with dushmans, they did not think about rewards, but believed that they were doing the right thing - helping the people of Afghanistan defend the right to a better life. For the selfless fulfillment of military duty on Afghan soil, 86 people were awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union and more than 200,000 were awarded orders and medals, of which about 1,000 were soldiers and sergeants.

Unshakable loyalty to military duty and military traditions was demonstrated by the border guards of the 12th frontier post of the Moscow frontier detachment, who on July 13, 1993 entered into an unequal battle with the 2S0 Afghan mujahideen. The spooks surrounded 45 Russian border guards in a tight ring, and for a long time did not allow the support group. Having mined the only road leading to the outpost, they fired massively from the commanding heights. The desperate resistance of the outpost taken into the ring lasted 11 hours. Only 18 border guards managed to escape from this hell. Wounded, shell-shocked, bleeding, they, led by the deputy head of the outpost, Lieutenant A. Merzlikin, broke through to their own. But 25 soldiers died in the battle. For courage and heroism, by the decree of the President of Russia, 6 border guards were awarded the title of Hero of Russia, other participants in the battle of the Moscow border detachment were awarded orders and medals. The Heroic Outpost became known as the 12th Border Outpost named after 25 Heroes.

The soldiers added a special heroic page to the annals of the Russian army and during the hostilities in the Chechen Republic. Quite a few warriors performed feats there and became Heroes. The first to be awarded the title of Hero of the Russian Federation is the foreman of a company of the guards reconnaissance battalion of the guard, senior warrant officer Viktor Alexandrovich Ponomarev. On December 20, 1994, a battle took place. For Viktor Ponomarev, it was short. And yet, in that battle, he destroyed seven militants, suppressed two machine-gun crews with fire, took out several wounded soldiers from under the fire, and at a critical moment, at the cost of his life, saved the corps commander from certain death.

Feats that are truly equal to the feats of the Great Patriotic War are still being performed on Chechen land. These include the feat of the paratroopers of the 6th company of the 104th Guards Parachute Red Banner Regiment, when on February 29 - March 1, 2000, 90 paratroopers at the cost of their lives prevented the breakthrough of almost 3 thousand mercenaries into the Argun Gorge of the Chechen Republic. 6 people survived. Not a single guardsman wavered or retreated. 22 paratroopers became Heroes of Russia, 63 were posthumously awarded the Order of Courage.

There have been heroes in Russia at all times. They still exist today. And this is the surest guarantee of the invincibility of our Fatherland, its spiritual strength and the coming revival. As long as the Russian soldier is alive - the faithful son and defender of his Fatherland - Russia will also be alive - the Russian soldier and now remains a true patriot, a worthy heir to the Russian army.

1. In the opening remarks, it is necessary to emphasize the relevance of the topic and the importance of preparation for the significant anniversary - the 60th anniversary of the Victory over fascism in the Great Patriotic War.

2. When considering the first question, it is necessary to reveal the greatness of the feat of our people in the Great Patriotic War, as well as their heroic efforts to achieve victory.

3. In the second question, it is necessary to show that mass heroism was characteristic of all types and branches of the Armed Forces, all peoples of our multinational country. The manifestation of mass heroism in the Great Patriotic War was inherent not only to those who fought in the front line, but also to those who forged victory in the rear and fought in the territory occupied by the enemy. At the same time, it is necessary to emphasize that heroism as a continuation of a glorious military tradition is important for the modern Russian Armed Forces.

It is very useful to call the audience for a frank exchange of views on the extent to which today's servicemen are characterized by heroism, to what extent they are ready to act selflessly in a real combat situation.

4. At the end of the lesson, it is important to draw meaningful conclusions, answer the questions asked by the listeners. Summing up, it is necessary to give specific recommendations for consolidating the studied material in preparation for the control lesson, indicating the relevant literature.

1. Bursev A., Zolotarev V. Immortal feat of the defenders of the Fatherland // Landmark. - 1998. - No. 2.

2. Heroes of the Soviet Union: Historical and Statistical Essay. - M., 1984.

3. Kovalenko A. Peaks of courage. Monument to the immortal feat. -M., 1995.

4. Makarov P. Courage and heroism of the defenders of the Fatherland in the battle for the Dnieper // Landmark. - 2003. - No. 9.

5. Paderin A. Patriotism - the source of mass heroism of the people in the struggle against fascism (1941 - 1945) // Orientation. - 2005. - No. 1.

Lieutenant colonel
Oleg Simakov,
Candidate of Historical Sciences.
candidate of historical sciences, associate professor Viktor Strelnikov

The youngest defender of Stalingrad was six-year-old Seryozha Aleshkov, the son of the 142nd Guards Rifle Regiment of the 47th Guards Rifle Division. The fate of this boy is dramatic, like that of many children of the war. Before the war, the Aleshkov family lived in the Kaluga region in the village of Gryn. In the fall of 1941, the region was captured by the Nazis. Lost in the woods, the village became the base of the partisan detachment, and its inhabitants became partisans.

One day, mother and ten-year-old Petya - Seryozha's older brother - went on a mission. They were captured by the Nazis. They were tortured. Petya was hanged. When the mother tried to save her son, she was shot by the Gestapo. Seryozha was left an orphan. In the summer of 1942, punishers attacked the partisan base. The partisans, firing back, went into the thicket of the forest.

In one of the dashes, Seryozha got entangled in the bushes, fell, badly bruised his leg. Lagging behind his own people, he wandered through the forest for several days. He slept under the trees, ate berries. On September 8, 1942, our units occupied the area. The soldiers of the 142nd Guards Rifle Regiment picked up the exhausted and hungry boy, left him, sewed a military uniform, enrolled in the regiment's lists, with which he went through a glorious military path, including Stalingrad.

Seryozha takes part in the Battle of Stalingrad. At this time he was 6 years old. Of course, Seryozha could not take direct part in hostilities, but he tried his best to help our soldiers: he brought them food, shells, cartridges, sang songs, recited poetry, delivered mail during the breaks between battles. He was very fond of in the regiment and was called the fighter Aleshkin. Once, he saved the life of the regiment commander, Colonel M.D. Vorobyov.

During the shelling, the colonel was trapped in a dugout. Seryozha was not taken aback and called our fighters on time. The soldiers who arrived in time removed the commander from under the rubble and he remained alive. November 18, 1942. Seryozha, along with the soldiers of one company, came under mortar fire. A mine fragment was wounded in the leg and ended up in the hospital. After treatment, he returned to the regiment. The soldiers gave a celebration on this occasion.

Before the formation, an order was read out on awarding Seryozha with a medal "For Military Merit" No. 013 (Order dated 04.24.1943). Two years later he was sent to study at the Tula Suvorov military school. On vacation, like to his own father, he came to Mikhail Danilovich Vorobyov, the former commander of the regiment.

During the "For Military Merit" award.

Post-war photography by Sergei Aleshkov.

Before the war, these were the most ordinary boys and girls. They studied, helped the elders, played, ran and jumped, broke noses and knees. Their names were known only to relatives, classmates and friends.
THE HOUR IS COMING - THEY HAVE SHOWED HOW HUGE A LITTLE CHILD'S HEART CAN BECOME WHEN A SACRED LOVE FOR THE MOTHERLAND AND HATE FOR ITS ENEMIES BURNS IN IT.
Boys. Girls. The burden of adversity, calamity, and grief of the war years fell on their fragile shoulders. And they did not bend under this weight, they became stronger in spirit, more courageous, more enduring.
Little heroes of the big war. They fought alongside their elders - fathers, brothers, alongside communists and Komsomol members.
And young hearts did not flinch for a moment!

For military merit, tens of thousands of children and pioneers were awarded orders and medals:
The Order of Lenin was awarded - Tolya Shumov, Vitya Korobkov, Volodya Kaznacheev; Orders of the Red Banner - Volodya Dubinin, Julius Kantemirov, Andrey Makarikhin, Kostya Kravchuk;
Orders of the Patriotic War, 1st degree - Petya Klypa, Valery Volkov, Sasha Kovalev; Orders of the Red Star - Volodya Samorukha, Shura Efremov, Vanya Andrianov, Vitya Kovalenko, Lyonya Ankinovich.

Hundreds of pioneers have been awarded
medal "Partisan of the Great Patriotic War"
medal "For the Defense of Leningrad" - over 15,000,
"For the Defense of Moscow" - over 20,000 medals
Four pioneer heroes were awarded the title
Hero of the Soviet Union:
Lyonya Golikov, Marat Kazei, Valya Kotik, Zina Portnova.

Marat Kazei.
The war fell on the Belarusian land. The Nazis broke into the village where Marat lived with his mother, Anna Aleksandrovna Kazya. In the fall, Marat no longer had to go to school in the fifth grade. The Nazis turned the school building into their barracks. The enemy was fierce. For communication with the partisans, Anna Aleksandrovna Kazei was seized, and soon Marat learned that his mother had been hanged in Minsk. The boy's heart filled with anger and hatred for the enemy. Together with his sister, Komsomol member Ada, the pioneer Marat Kazei went to the partisans in the Stankovsky forest.

He became a scout at the headquarters of the partisan brigade. Penetrated into enemy garrisons and delivered valuable information to the command. Using these data, the partisans developed a daring operation and defeated the fascist garrison in the city of Dzerzhinsk ... Marat took part in the battles and invariably showed courage, fearlessness, together with experienced demolition men he mined the railway. Marat died in battle. He fought to the last bullet, and when he had only one grenade left, he let the enemies get closer and blew them up ... and himself. For courage and courage, the pioneer Marat Kazei was awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union. A monument to the young Hero was erected in the city of Minsk.

Nadia Bogdanova.
She was twice executed by the Nazis, and for many years Nadya was considered dead by her fighting friends. They even erected a monument to her.
It's hard to believe, but when she became a scout in the partisan detachment of "Uncle Vanya" Dyachkov, she was not even ten years old. Small, thin, she, pretending to be a beggar, wandered among the Nazis, noticing everything, remembering everything, and brought the most valuable information to the detachment.

And then, together with the partisan fighters, she blew up the fascist headquarters, derailed a train with military equipment, mined objects. The first time she was seized when, together with Vanya Zvontsov, she hung out a red flag on November 7, 1941 in enemy-occupied Vitebsk. They beat her with ramrods, tortured, and when they brought her to the ditch - to shoot, she had no strength left - she fell into the ditch, for a moment, ahead of the bullet. Vanya died, and the partisans found Nadya alive in the ditch ... The second time she was captured at the end of 1943. And again torture: they poured ice water over her in the cold, burned a five-pointed star on her back. Considering the scout dead, the Nazis, when the partisans attacked Karasevo, abandoned her.

Local residents came out, paralyzed and almost blind. After the war in Odessa, Academician V.P. Filatov returned Nadia's eyesight. 15 years later she heard on the radio how the chief of intelligence of the 6th detachment Slesarenko - her commander - said that the fighters would never forget their dead comrades, and named Nadia among them Bogdanov, who saved his life, the wounded one ... Only then did she appear, only then did the people who worked with her learn about what an amazing fate she is, Nadya Bogdanova, who was awarded the Order of the Red Banner, the Order of the Patriotic War of the 1st degree, medals.

Zina Portnova
The war found the Leningrad pioneer Zina Portnova in the village of Zuya, where she came on vacation, not far from the Obol station of the Vitebsk region. An underground Komsomol-youth organization "Young Avengers" was created in Oboli, and Zina was elected a member of its committee. She participated in daring operations against the enemy, in sabotage, distributed leaflets, conducted reconnaissance on the instructions of a partisan detachment. ... It was December 1943. Zina was returning from a mission.

In the village of Mostishche, she was betrayed by a traitor. The Nazis seized the young partisan and tortured her. The answer to the enemy was Zina's silence, her contempt and hatred, her determination to fight until
end. During one of the interrogations, choosing the moment, Zina grabbed a pistol from the table and shot point-blank at the Gestapo. The officer who ran to the shot was also killed on the spot. Zina tried to flee, but the Nazis overtook her ... The brave young pioneer was brutally tortured, but until the last minute she remained steadfast, courageous, unbending. And the Motherland posthumously marked her feat with her highest title - the title of Hero of the Soviet Union.

Lenya Golikov
When his native village was captured by the enemy, the boy went to the partisans.
More than once he went to reconnaissance, brought important information to the partisan detachment. And enemy trains and cars flew downhill, bridges collapsed, enemy warehouses burned ...
There was a battle in his life that Lenya fought alone with a fascist general. A grenade thrown by the boy knocked out the car. A Nazi got out of it with a briefcase in his hands and, firing back, rushed to run. Lenya follows him. He pursued the enemy for almost a kilometer and finally killed him.

There were very important documents in the portfolio. The partisan headquarters immediately flew them to Moscow.
There were many more battles in his short life! And the young hero who fought shoulder to shoulder with adults never wavered. He died near the village of Ostraya Luka in the winter of 1943, when the enemy was especially fierce, feeling that the earth was burning under his feet, that there would be no mercy for him ...
On April 2, 1944, a decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR was published on awarding the pioneer partisan Lena Golikov the title of Hero of the Soviet Union.

Valya Kotik
When the Nazis broke into Shepetivka, Valya Kotik, together with her friends, decided to fight the enemy. The guys collected weapons at the site of the fighting, which the partisans later transported to the detachment on a hay cart.
Having looked closely at the boy, the communists entrusted Vale to be a liaison and intelligence officer in their underground organization. He learned the location of enemy posts, the order of changing the guard.
The Nazis planned a punitive operation against the partisans, and Valya, after tracking down the Hitlerite officer who led the punishers, killed him ...

When the arrests began in the city, Valya, along with his mother and brother Viktor, went to the partisans. The pioneer, who had just turned fourteen, fought shoulder to shoulder with adults, freeing his native land. On his account - six enemy echelons, blown up on the way to the front. Valya Kotik was awarded the Order of the Patriotic War of the 1st degree, the medal "Partisan of the Patriotic War" of the 2nd degree.
Valya Kotik died as a hero, and the Motherland posthumously honored him with the title of Hero of the Soviet Union.

Vitya Khomenko
The pioneer Vitya Khomenko went through his heroic way of fighting the Nazis in the underground organization "Nikolaev Center".
... At school, Vitya was "excellent" in German, and the underground workers instructed the pioneer to get a job in the officer's canteen. He washed dishes, it happened, served the officers in the hall and listened to their conversations. In drunken disputes, the Nazis blurted out information that was of great interest to the "Nikolaev Center".
The officers began to send the fast, intelligent boy on assignments, and soon they made him a messenger at the headquarters. It never occurred to them that the most secret packages were the first to be read by the underground fighters in attendance ...

Together with Shura Kober, Vitya was ordered to cross the front line in order to establish contact with Moscow. In Moscow, at the headquarters of the partisan movement, they reported on the situation and talked about what they saw on the way.
Back in Nikolaev, the guys delivered a radio transmitter, explosives, and weapons to the underground workers. Again, a fight without fear and hesitation. On December 5, 1942, ten members of the underground were seized by the Nazis and executed. Among them are two boys - Shura Kober and Vitya Khomenko. They lived as heroes and died like heroes.
The Motherland awarded her fearless son with the Order of the Patriotic War of the 1st degree - posthumously. The name of Vitya Khomenko bears the school in which he studied.

Volodya Kaznacheev
1941 ... In the spring I graduated from the fifth grade. In the fall he joined a partisan detachment.
When, together with his sister Anya, he came to the partisans in the Kletnyansky forests, in the Bryansk region, the detachment said: "Well, replenishment! .." True, having learned that they are from Solovyanovka, the children of Elena Kondratyevna Kaznacheeva, the one who baked bread for the partisans , they stopped joking (Elena Kondratyevna was killed by the Nazis).
The detachment had a "partisan school".

Future miners and demolition workers were trained there. Volodya perfectly mastered this science and, together with his senior comrades, derailed eight echelons. He had to cover the retreat of the group, stopping the pursuers with grenades ...

He was connected; often went to Kletnya, delivering the most valuable information; waiting for darkness, he pasted leaflets. From operation to operation, he became more experienced, more skillful.
The Nazis appointed a reward for the head of the partisan Kzanacheyev, not even suspecting that their brave adversary was still a boy. He fought alongside adults until the very day when his native land was liberated from the fascist scum, and rightfully shared with adults the glory of the hero - the liberator of his native land. Volodya Kaznacheev was awarded the Order of Lenin, the medal "Partisan of the Patriotic War" 1 degree.

Marat Kazei with his sister.

A surviving letter to my sister.

It can even be argued that the pioneer heroes themselves are a myth generated by total propaganda. But one thing should not be forgotten: these 13-17-year-olds died for real. Someone blew himself up with the last grenade, someone got a bullet from the advancing Germans, someone was hanged in the courtyard of the prison.
These guys, for whom the words "patriotism", "honor" and "Motherland" were absolute concepts, have earned the right to everything. Except oblivion. "

Lyonya Golikov and Valya Kotik

Zina Portnova and Valya Zenkina

Marat Kazei and Volodya Dubinin

Lara Mikheenko and Nadya Bogdanova

Kostya Kravchuk and Vitya Khomenko

Utah Bondarovskaya and Galya Komleva

Vasya Korobko and Sasha Borodulin

Heroes and defenders of the Fatherland do not die. They will forever remain in the memory of grateful descendants. Even a small time layer, and far from comprehensive, of the history of Russia, considered on the pages of the book, testifies to the fact that during periods of mortal danger threatening our Motherland, people who were able to sacrifice their lives for the sake of the existence of the Fatherland emerged from the depths of the people. Under their leadership, the people courageously met the enemy on the borders of their country, participated with arms in the defense of cities, in military campaigns and battles. But the people themselves were not a simple executor of the will of the leaders. In the struggle for the independence and independence of the Fatherland, he more than once showed exceptional initiative and courage. So it was during the time of the incessant threat from the nomadic peoples, during the invasion and overthrow of the yoke of the Mongol-Tatars.

At the beginning of the 17th century, in difficult conditions of war, economic and state devastation, when the Polish-Lithuanian army occupied Smolensk, then Moscow, and the Swedes - Novgorod, the peoples of Russia stood up to defend their native land with weapons in their hands.
The Pskovites defended their city with extraordinary staunchness in 1581 for more than five months. Thanks to their valor, the campaign of the 100-thousandth army of Stephen Batory in the interior of the country was thwarted.
16-month successful heroic defense of the Trinity-Sergius Monastery in 1608-1610. prompted the Russians to fight the invaders. The peoples of Russia created a militia, liberated Moscow and cleared the country of foreign invaders.
The Russian and other peoples of the Fatherland played a decisive role in the historical fate of the population of the countries of Western Europe. They repeatedly saved the Europeans from the threat of enslavement and destruction, became a human shield on the path of waves of Asian nomads, Mongol-Tatar hordes. In the fierce battles in Russia, the best part of the Mongolian
Tatar army, which lost its offensive power. Russia saved Western Europe from the horrors of an alien invasion, provided it with more favorable conditions for historical development.
Ordinary Russians rightfully share the military glory of the Fatherland with its best representatives. In the course of the centuries-old struggle against external danger, many remarkable leaders and generals emerged from their midst, who reflected and embodied in their activities the vital aspirations of the patriots of the Motherland. With their noble thoughts and accomplishments, such people gave to their contemporaries and descendants
an inspiring example of selfless service to the Motherland, willingness to defend its honor and national dignity. Such commanders were Svyatoslav, Vladimir Monomakh, Alexander Nevsky, Dmitry Donskoy, Kuzma Minin, Dmitry Pozharsky and a large galaxy of other famous and unknown Russians who gave their lives in the struggle for their native land. Their exploits were continued by subsequent generations, who gave their heroes - Alexander Suvorov, Fedor Ushakov, Mikhail Kutuzov, Pavel Nakhimov and many others, including the famous commander of the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945. - Georgy Zhukov. And while the memory of the glorious warriors of the Fatherland is still alive, it is impossible to conquer the people from whose depths powerful natures emerged, ready to sacrifice themselves for the sake of saving the nation and the Motherland.

Attachment 1

Index of Rare Geographical Names

Adrianople (Odris, Audrin) - now the city of Edirne in Turkey. Arcadiopol is now the city of Lule-Burgas (Luleburgaz) in Turkey. Belgorod is a city of the Kiev principality on the Irpen River, a tributary of the Dnieper, now the village of Belgorodka.

Belgorod is a fortified city of the Zasechnaya line in the south of the Russian state, now Belgorod. Belendzher (Balanjar) - Khazar city, was located near the present Derbent.

Berezan is a small island in the Black Sea at the entrance to the Dniester
Bug estuary. Vasilev is a city of the Kiev principality on the Stugna River, a tributary of the Dnieper.

Gorodets (Radilov) - a city on the Volga, the center of the Gorodets appanage principality, now Gorodets of the Nizhgorod region. Gorodets is a city on the Oka River, now Kasimov of the Ryazan Region. Desna is a river in the Chernigov principality. Zavolochye is a fortress on the Velikaya River, higher than the present city of Opochka.

Iskorosten is the center of the Drevlyansky principality, now the city of Korosten in Ukraine. Itil (Atil) - the last capital of the Khazar Kaganate, was located at the mouth of the Volga River.

Korachev is a fortress of the Chernigov principality on the Snezhet River, now the city of Karachev in Ukraine. Ladoga is a fortress on the left bank of the Volkhov River at the confluence of the Ladozhka River, now Staraya Ladoga. Luga is a settlement in the Novgorod land. Orekhov, Orekhovy, Orekhovets - until 1323, from 1352 added
name Oreshek - a fortress on the island of the Neva River, now Shlisselburg.

Ryazan - until 1237 the capital of the Ryazan principality, now the village of Staraya Ryazan on the Oka River. Saber is a settlement in the Novgorod land. Samerkesh (Tamatarha, Matarkha, Russian - Tmutarakan) -
Khazar city on the Taman Peninsula, from the end of the XI century. - the center of the Russian Tmutarakan principality, was located in the area of ​​the current capital of Taman.

Semender (Samandar) is a Khazar city, located in the area of ​​the present city of Makhachkala. The Sit is a river flowing through the territories of the Tver and Yaroslavl regions and flows into the Rybinsk reservoir.

Torchesk is a city, the center of the Tork, Berendey and Pechenegs tribe;
was located in the Poros'e region (the Ros river, a tributary of the Dnieper). Chersonesos (Russian. Korsun) is a Greek fortress city in Crimea, now within the city of Sevastopol.

Sharukan is a Polovtsian town - a camp on the Severny River.

Igor Olga 912 - 945 945 - 964
Yaropolk 972 - 980 Vladimir I 964 - 972 Svyatopolk the Cursed 1015 - 1019 Yaroslav the Wise 1019 - 1054 Izyaslav 1054 - 1073 (1076 -1078) Svyatoslav 1073 - 1076 Vsevolod 1078 - 1093 Svyatoslav 964 - 972
Svyatopolk 1093 - 1113
Mstislav the Great 1125 - 1132
Vladimir Monomakh 1113 - 1125
Yuri Dolgoruky pr. Suzdal 1125 - 1157

Yuri Dolgoruky pr. Suzdal 1125 -1157
Andrey Bogolyubsky Prince Vladimirsky 1157 -1174 Vsevolod the Big Nest Prince Vladimirsky 1176 -1212 Yuri Vsevolodovich 1212 -1216 Yaroslav Vsevolodovich 1238 -1246 (1218 -1238) Andrey Yaroslavovich 1250 -1252 Alexander Nevsky 1252 -1263 Daniil Alexandrovich Prince of Moscow 1276 -1303

Daniil Alexandrovich Prince of Moscow 1276 - 1303

Yuri Danilovich 1303 - 1325 Ivan I Kalita 1325 - 1340 Simeon the Proud 1340 - 1353 Ivan II Red 1353 - 1359 Dmitry Donskoy 1359 - 1389 Vasily I 1389 - 1425 Vasily II the Dark 1425 - 1464 Ivan III 1462 - 1505 Vasily III 1505 - 1533 Ivan IV Terrible (tsar from 1547) 1533 - 1584 Fedor Ivanovich 1584 - 1598 Dmitry died in 1591 Ivan died in 1584

Mikhail Fedorovich Romanov Tsar from 1613 to 1645 Roman Yurievich Zakharyin-Romanov voivode since 1531, died in 1543 Alexei Mikhailovich 1645 - 1676 Natalya Naryshkina Maria Miloslavskaya Yuri Zakharyevich Zakharyin boyar since 1493, died in 1303 Peter I the Great (emperor from 1721) 1682 - 1725 Ivan V 1682 - 1696 Fedor Alekseevich 1676 - 1682 Sophia 1682 - 1696 Fedor (Filaret) Nikitich Romanov Patriarch and regent since 1619, died in 1633 Anastasia Romanovna first wife of Ivan IV, mother of Tsar Fedor Ivanovich Anastasia Romanovna first wife of Ivan IV , mother of Tsar Fyodor Ivanovich Nikita Romanovich Romanov voivode since 1559, died in 1586.

Introduction

This short article contains only a drop of information about the heroes of the Great Patriotic War. In fact, there are a huge number of heroes and to collect all the information about these people and their exploits is a titanic work and it is already a little beyond the scope of our project. Nevertheless, we decided to start with 5 heroes - many have heard about some of them, a little less information about others and few people know about them, especially the younger generation.

Victory in the Great Patriotic War was achieved by the Soviet people thanks to their incredible efforts, dedication, ingenuity and self-sacrifice. This is especially clearly revealed in the heroes of the war, who performed incredible feats on the battlefield and behind it. Everyone who is grateful to their fathers and grandfathers for the opportunity to live in peace and tranquility should know these great people.

Viktor Vasilievich Talalikhin

The history of Viktor Vasilyevich begins with the small village of Teplovka, located in the Saratov province. Here he was born in the fall of 1918. His parents were ordinary workers. He himself, after graduating from a school that specialized in the release of workers for factories and factories, worked at a meat-packing plant and at the same time attended the flying club. After he graduated from one of the few pilot schools in Borisoglebsk. He took part in the conflict between our country and Finland, where he received the baptism of fire. During the period of confrontation between the USSR and Finland, Talalikhin made about five dozen combat missions, while destroying several enemy aircraft, as a result of which he was awarded the honorary Order of the Red Star in the fortieth year for special successes and accomplishment of assigned tasks.

Viktor Vasilyevich distinguished himself with a heroic feat already during the battles in the great war for our people. Although he has about sixty sorties, the main battle took place on August 6, 1941 in the skies over Moscow. As part of a small air group, Viktor flew an I-16 to repel an enemy air attack on the capital of the USSR. At an altitude of several kilometers, he met a German He-111 bomber. Talalikhin fired several machine-gun bursts at him, but the German plane skillfully dodged them. Then Viktor Vasilyevich, by a cunning maneuver and regular machine gun shots, hit one of the bomber's engines, but this did not help stop the "German". To the chagrin of the Russian pilot, after unsuccessful attempts to stop the bomber, there were no live ammunition left, and Talalikhin decided to go to the ram. For this ram he was awarded the Order of Lenin and the Gold Star medal.

During the war, there were many such cases, but by the will of fate Talalikhin became the first who decided to go to the ram, neglecting his own safety, in our sky. He died in October 1941 with the rank of squadron commander, while performing another combat mission.

Ivan Nikitovich Kozhedub

In the village of Obrazhievka, a future hero, Ivan Kozhedub, was born into a family of ordinary peasants. After leaving school in 1934, he entered the Chemical Technology College. The Shostka flying club was the first place where Kozhedub received flying skills. Then in the fortieth year he entered the army. In the same year he successfully entered and graduated from the military aviation school in the city of Chuguev.

Ivan Nikitovich took a direct part in the Great Patriotic War. On his account there are more than a hundred air battles, during which he shot down 62 aircraft. Of the large number of sorties, two main ones can be distinguished - the battle with the Me-262 fighter with a jet engine, and the attack on the group of FW-190 bombers.

The battle with the Me-262 jet fighter took place in mid-February 1945. On this day, Ivan Nikitovich, together with his partner Dmitry Tatarenko, flew on La-7 planes to hunt. After a short search, they stumbled upon a low-flying plane. He flew along the river from Frankfupt an der Oder. Getting closer, the pilots discovered that this was a new generation Me-262 aircraft. But this did not discourage the pilots from attacking an enemy plane. Then Kozhedub decided to attack on a head-on course, since this was the only opportunity to destroy the enemy. During the attack, the wingman fired a short burst from a machine gun ahead of schedule, which could confuse all the cards. But to the surprise of Ivan Nikitovich, this trick of Dmitry Tatarenko had a positive effect. The German pilot turned around so that he ended up hitting Kozhedub's sight. All he had to do was pull the trigger and destroy the enemy. Which he did.

Ivan Nikitovich performed his second heroic deed in the middle of April 1945 in the area of ​​the capital of Germany. Again, together with Titarenko, performing another combat mission, they found a group of FW-190 bombers with full combat kits. Kozhedub immediately reported this to the command post, but without waiting for reinforcements, he began an attacking maneuver. The German pilots saw how two Soviet planes, having risen, disappeared into the clouds, but they did not attach any importance to this. Then the Russian pilots decided to attack. Kozhedub descended to the flight altitude of the Germans and began to shoot them, and Titarenko from a greater height fired in short bursts in different directions, trying to create an impression on the enemy of the presence of a large number of Soviet fighters. The German pilots believed at first, but after a few minutes of the battle their doubts were dispelled, and they proceeded to active actions to destroy the enemy. Kozhedub was in the balance of death in this battle, but his friend saved him. When Ivan Nikitovich tried to get away from the German fighter that was pursuing him and being in the position of shooting the Soviet fighter, Titarenko with a short burst outstripped the German pilot and destroyed the enemy vehicle. Soon, a group of help arrived in time, and the German group of planes was destroyed.

During the war, Kozhedub was twice recognized as a Hero of the Soviet Union and was elevated to the rank of Marshal of Soviet Aviation.

Dmitry Romanovich Ovcharenko

The homeland of the soldier is the village with the telling name of Ovcharovo, Kharkov province. He was born in the family of a carpenter in 1919. His father taught him all the intricacies of his craft, which later played an important role in the fate of the hero. Ovcharenko studied at school for only five years, then went to work on a collective farm. He was drafted into the army in 1939. The first days of the war, as befits a soldier, met at the front line. After a short service, he received minor damage, which, unfortunately for the soldier, became the reason for his transfer from the main unit to service at the ammunition depot. It was this position that became key for Dmitry Romanovich, under which he accomplished his feat.

It all happened in the middle of the summer of 1941 in the area of ​​the Pestsa village. Ovcharenko carried out the order of his superiors on the delivery of ammunition and food to a military unit located several kilometers from the village. Towards him came two trucks with fifty German soldiers and three officers. They surrounded him, took away the rifle and began to interrogate him. But the Soviet soldier was not taken aback and, taking an ax lying next to him, cut off the head of one of the officers. While the Germans were discouraged, he took three grenades from a dead officer and threw them in the direction of the German vehicles. These throws were extremely successful: 21 soldiers were killed on the spot, and the remaining Ovcharenko finished off with an ax, including the second officer who was trying to escape. The third officer managed to escape. But even here the Soviet soldier was not taken aback. He collected all the documents, maps, records and machine guns and took them to the General Staff, while bringing ammunition and food on time. At first, they did not believe him that he alone coped with an entire platoon of the enemy, but after a detailed study of the battlefield, all doubts were dispelled.

Thanks to the heroic deed of the soldier, Ovcharenko was recognized as a Hero of the Soviet Union, and he also received one of the most significant orders - the Order of Lenin, along with the Gold Star medal. He did not live to see victory for only three months. The injury received in the battles for Hungary in January was fatal for the fighter. At that time, he was a machine gunner in the 389th Infantry Regiment. He went down in history as a soldier with an ax.

Zoya Anatolyevna Kosmodemyanskaya

The homeland for Zoya Anatolyevna is the village of Osina-Gai, located in the Tambov region. She was born on September 8, 1923 into a Christian family. By the will of fate, Zoya spent her childhood in gloomy wanderings around the country. So, in 1925, the family was forced to move to Siberia in order to avoid persecution by the state. A year later, they moved to Moscow, where her father died in 1933. The orphaned Zoe begins to have health problems that prevent her from studying. In the fall of 1941, Kosmodemyanskaya joined the ranks of scouts and saboteurs of the Western Front. In a short time, Zoya underwent combat training and began to perform the assigned tasks.

She performed her heroic deed in the village of Petrishchevo. By order of Zoya and a group of fighters, they were instructed to burn a dozen settlements, including the village of Petrishchevo. On the night of November 28, Zoya and her comrades made their way to the village and came under fire, as a result of which the group broke up and Kosmodemyanskaya had to act alone. After spending the night in the forest, early in the morning she went to carry out the task. Zoe managed to set fire to three houses and hide unnoticed. But when she decided to return again and finish what she had begun, the villagers were already waiting for her, who, seeing the saboteur, immediately informed the German soldiers. Kosmodemyanskaya was seized and tortured for a long time. They tried to find out information about the unit in which she served and her name. Zoya denied and did not tell anything, and when asked what her name was, she called herself Tanya. The Germans considered that they could not get more information and hung it up in public. Zoya met death with dignity, and her last words went down in history forever. When she was dying, she said that our people number one hundred and seventy million people, and all of them cannot be outweighed. So, Zoya Kosmodemyanskaya died heroically.

The mention of Zoya is primarily associated with the name "Tanya", under which she went down in history. She is also a Hero of the Soviet Union. Her distinguishing feature is the first woman to receive this honorary title posthumously.

Alexey Tikhonovich Sevastyanov

This hero was the son of a simple cavalryman, a native of the Tver region, was born in the winter of the seventeenth year in the small village of Kholm. After graduating from technical school in Kalinin, he entered the military aviation school. Sevastyanov graduated from it with success in the thirty-ninth. For more than a hundred sorties, he destroyed four enemy aircraft, two of which personally and in a group, as well as one balloon.

He received the title of Hero of the Soviet Union posthumously. The most important sorties for Alexei Tikhonovich were battles in the skies over the Leningrad region. So, on the fourth of November of the forty-first year, Sevastyanov patrolled the sky over the Northern capital on his IL-153 plane. And just during his watch, the Germans made a raid. The artillery could not cope with the onslaught and Alexei Tikhonovich had to engage in battle. For a long time, the German He-111 aircraft managed to keep the Soviet fighter away from it. After two unsuccessful attacks, Sevastyanov made a third attempt, but when it came time to pull the trigger and destroy the enemy in a short burst, the Soviet pilot discovered that there was no ammunition. Without thinking twice, he decides to go to the ram. A Soviet plane with its propeller pierced the tail of an enemy bomber. For Sevastyanov, this maneuver was successful, but for the Germans it all ended in captivity.

The second significant flight and the last for the hero was an air battle in the sky over Ladoga. Alexey Tikhonovich died in an unequal battle with the enemy on April 23, 1942.

Output

As we already said in this article, not all war heroes are collected, there are about eleven thousand of them in total (according to official data). Among them are Russians, Kazakhs, Ukrainians, Belarusians, and all other nations of our multinational state. There are those who did not receive the title of Hero of the Soviet Union, having committed an equally important act, but by coincidence, information about them was lost. There was a lot in the war: the desertion of soldiers, and betrayal, and death, and much more, but the deeds of such heroes were of the greatest importance. Thanks to them, the victory in the Great Patriotic War was won.