Works at what height are considered high-altitude. Climbing work at height: the rules and requirements. General labor protection requirements
44. What is zeroing?
Zanulenie - deliberate connection of parts of an electrical installation that are not normally energized with the grounded neutral of a generator or transformer in three-phase networks with grounded neutral in order to transform a single-phase earth fault into a dead short circuit with the flow of large short-circuit currents causing the protection to operate (fuses, circuit breakers ) and disconnecting the damaged area.
Horizontal raised areasTable walls, metal profiles and vertical structures. Vertical work - this is all those tasks that the operator performs with the help of positioning systems with ropes. To avoid or prevent a fall, you will need to use.
Other risks that may lead to a fall
Anchor Point Mounting Element Energy Shock Absorber. . Not only do you have to stumble and fall at different levels, but very often other factors cause a danger for an employee of more than one and a half meters. Exposure, severe burn reaction, etc. chemical or biological contamination.
- Effect of radiation, high temperatures and toxic places.
- Closed spaces.
- Do excessive overvoltage.
- Direct and indirect electrical contacts.
45. What works are considered climbers?
Work performed at a height of more than 5 m from the ground, floor or working deck, on which work is performed directly with structures or equipment during their installation or repair, while the main means of protecting workers from falling is the safety belt.
Additional definitions about working at height
Some of the basic concepts that all professionals working at heights should know, be they operators or safety managers in a project or work, where employees are in direct contact with the risk of falling to a height. Certification: Proof that is delivered at the end of a process or installation, proving that a particular element meets the quality requirements of the standard that governs it, or that the person has the knowledge and skills necessary to perform certain activities, certain types of training, regulated by the manufacturer. Free fall distance: vertical and sudden displacement caused by the connector when the fall stops, and goes from the beginning of the fall until it stops or activates the shock absorber. Stop Distance: The total vertical distance required to stop a fall, including the braking distance and the trigger distance. Braking distance: the vertical distance between the point where the free fall ends, and the shock absorber begins to activate until it stops completely. Precautionary measures: a set of individual and collective actions that must be taken to prevent or prevent the fall of people and objects during work at heights. Among them: a project that takes into account the safety of the working environment, a fall protection program and active preventive measures. Active protection measures: all those measures that the worker must perform individually and collectively consciously after completing training and recognizing the importance of preventing the risks that the task he performs entail. An example of this is the use of individual protection elements, elements of the working system at heights and safe working procedures. Passive protection measures: Precautionary measures or preventive measures aimed at stopping or stopping an employee on the way of a fall, avoiding exposure to structures or elements, require intervention or practically do not perform an employee who performs this work. Examples of this are collective protective rails or increased safety at fixed vertical scales. It should be included in the design and construction of structures or equipment, which implies their operation or maintenance at heights, objects to work on them.
46.What is a brigade?
A group of two or more people, including the work producer (supervising).
47. What is inspection?
Visual inspection of electrical equipment, buildings and structures, electrical installations. In order to identify deviations from the rules of maintenance of devices, prevent equipment failure, drawing up defective maps, development of renovation projects, maintenance and overhaul programs. For inspections appointed the most qualified personnel workers. A single inspection of electrical installations, electrical parts of technological equipment can be performed by an employee who has a group not lower than W, from among operational personnel on duty, or an employee from the administrative and technical staff who has group U for electrical installations with a voltage higher than 1000 V, and an employee having group IV, for electrical installations up to 1000 V and the right of sole inspection on the basis of a written order of the head of the organization.
If it is impossible to refuse the use of fall arrest devices, anchors should be installed in accordance with the number of people expected, and they should be certified every year. Do not forget that getting on the truck is just as dangerous as bulging on the balcony on the first floor and not wearing a handrail! That is why anchor points or timelines are established for lifting to tanks and trailers.
In addition to understanding how high it is considered “dangerous” to work, you better know what material is needed to get rid of any incident in the workplace. To prevent a fall, you need the following. A device or element whose function is to dissipate energy and reduce impact forces in the body of a worker or at anchor points at the time of the fall.
Employees who do not serve electrical installations are allowed in them, accompanied by operating personnel.
When inspecting electrical installations, it is permitted to open doors of shields, assemblies, control panels and other devices.
When inspecting electrical installations with a voltage higher than 1000 V, it is not allowed to enter rooms, chambers that are not equipped with fences or barriers that prevent them from approaching current-carrying parts.
Harness for work at heights
To avoid serious injury during the fall, the worker must use an energy absorber with a protective cable. With this product, you can attach your rope to a device that absorbs the impact of a fall in case of accidents. Stitched systems and belts properly, includes elements for connecting computers and fixed on the support; its design allows the impact arising during a fall to be distributed in different parts of the body.
Anchorage: a safe attachment point to which personal fall protection equipment can be connected, with a minimum tensile strength at break of 272 kg per person connected. We conduct a safety test on each mount that is installed to certify your safety.
In the production of inspections of direct work is not performed, and determined the order of their implementation.
48.Give definition of responsible for electrical facilities?
An employee from the administrative and technical staff, who is responsible for organizing the safe maintenance of electrical installations in accordance with the current rules and regulatory and technical documents.
Temporary anchor line
Railing: a metal or wooden element, which is installed on the edge of a place where there is a possibility of falling, it must ensure resistance to horizontal impacts and have an upper grip, intermediate and barrier located at ground level to avoid falling objects. Connector: Any command that allows an employee to join the harness to the anchor point. They should have a minimum tensile strength at break of 272 kg per person. . We consider work at height when there is a risk of falling from a height of more than two meters.
49. What is a dressing tolerance? The validity of the outfit?
The task for the work, issued on a special form of the established form and determining the content, place of work, time of its beginning and end, the conditions of safe conduct, the composition of the team and those responsible for the safe execution of work. The order is written out in two, and in transmission by phone, radio - in three copies. In the latter case, the issuing attire issues one copy, and the worker receiving the text in the form of a telephone or radiogram, fax or e-mail, fills out two copies of the attire and after a reverse check indicates the signature and surname of the issuing attire, confirming the correctness of the record with his signature . The number of orders issued for one responsible work supervisor determines the issuing order.
Complex, expensive and demanding work. The technical report states that the Cabildo Catedral manages the regenerative needs of the Giralda. Giralda needs structural, epidermal and recovery work. This conclusion, which was reached after two years of research on the state of its preservation. Epidermal works will consist of cleaning, compacting and waterproofing all plants, as well as interfering with the tiles, which will be replaced with other identical characteristics if they lose a third of the original black color.
It is allowed to issue an order for a period not exceeding 15 calendar days from the date of commencement of work. The outfit can be extended 1 time for a period of not more than 15 calendar days from the date of renewal. At breaks in work outfit remains valid.
Extend the order may be the employee who issued the outfit, or another employee who has the right to issue work orders for electrical installations.
And in the object section, work will be carried out on revisions to the layout of objects that work well for all indications, but which are considered convenient for improvement with regard to fasteners. The work, which is already known to the Ministry of Culture of the Junta Andalucia, will last five months. The Cabildo has not yet decided whether to close the minaret for visiting tourists, given the forests that will cover the entire tower with one of its faces. What Cabildo clearly shows is that work must be carried out until the risk of material and other anomalies described in the report is detected.
Attire, work on which is fully completed, must be stored for 30 days, after which they can be destroyed. If, during the performance of work on the outfits, there were accidents, incidents or accidents, then these outfits are stored in the archive of the organization along with the investigation materials.
This instruction for labor protection at work at heights is developed on the basis of the “Rules for labor protection at work at heights ( with measurement from 06.17.2015) ". Rules approved by the Order of the Ministry of Labor and Social Protection Russian Federation 28.03.2014, the number 155n.
The cost of restoration is 000 euros. In this budget, you need to add more than a thousand, which will cost a project designed to consolidate the robes of the Giralda bell tower on its western face. The Cabildo periodically encourages inspections to preserve and maintain the building of the Council in general, and in particular the Giralda.
Then, experts noticed the unsatisfactory state of conservation of brickwork plants and the reconstruction of the lattice, where it was noted that many of the wounds and reconstruction of lattice caisson ceilings are separated from the support, and consequently, the risk of falling on a public road. On the upper cornice, located above the bell tower, the existence of numerous cornice ridges with stones and mortars, which form it in an advanced state of decomposition, with the subsequent danger of falling, was discovered.
1. GENERAL REQUIREMENTS FOR LABOR PROTECTION
1.1. This instruction contains the basic general requirements for labor protection for workers performing work at height, and is aimed at ensuring their safety, preservation of health and efficiency in the labor process.
1.2. Work at height includes work when:
there are risks associated with the possible fall of an employee from a height of 1.8 m or more;
The poor state of conservation of some of the columns located below the lattice arcs, which already had significant damage to capitals and grounds, was also assessed. And, finally, the degradation of parapets of the balconies of the eastern side was recorded.
On this occasion, cracks appeared. The technicians confirmed their existence both in the upper part and in the lower part of the bell tower, at the control point of the level of visits. In principle, they were still hard, but when they were hit with their hands, they were heard hollow inside, with the risk of rainwater entering and opening. At the corner with the south facade, below the parapet of the bell tower, there was some kind of support for a brick factory, split vertically, until it reaches the perimeter that goes around the tower, where it moves to be horizontal. This is a sheet of brick, without obstacles, with a common plant body.
the worker carries out the ascent exceeding 5 m in height or descending exceeding 5 m in height along a vertical ladder whose angle of inclination to the horizontal surface is more than 75 °;
works are performed on sites at a distance closer than 2 m from unprotected differences in height of more than 1.8 m, and also if the height of the fence of these sites is less than 1.1 m;
During the last inspection, significant deposits of dust were found, especially in exposed brick gratings, and the appearance of spontaneous vegetation, which blooms in search of recesses and grooves in the cornices, where it takes root, raising tiles and causing mortar decay, even between the largest stones. Cracks and cracks were also found in the laying of the nitrado bell tower. And a fracture of the bell-body balustrade was found in the corner of the pedestal. The technicians found that on the cornice under the hoop and in different points of the facade, as in the arches of the sebkov, they found cracked bricks and mortars measured on the cornice.
there are risks associated with the possible fall of the worker from a height of less than 1.8 m if the work is carried out on machines or mechanisms, the water surface or protruding objects.
1.3. Work at height is the work of increased danger. Workers performing work at height are subject to additional labor protection requirements, which include special training requirements, certification, admission to independent work, labor safety training and periodic safety knowledge testing.
The eaves on the Azuzenov roof was also broken. And important damage in some columns were checked, and the stone was shelled. In previous actions, the works referred to parts of very difficult access, like all those of the tower, but with clearly defined problems.
Technicians have decided that it is best to intervene on the western side, since it is very convenient to have this experience of totality, but to be well controlled before doing it on the northern and eastern sides, which not only start from the stands, but also those that are in the great cathedral of celebration should be sped up. For this reason, experience in the face of the West — isolated and shorter — will provide recommendations and strategies for intervening in the other two, especially in those important aspects related to security and the calendar.
1.4. Employees of at least 18 years of age who have the necessary theoretical and practical training, have undergone a medical examination and have no contraindications for health reasons, have undergone introductory and primary on-site labor protection briefings and training under a special program certified by a qualification commission are allowed to perform work at height. and those who are authorized to do this work.
Considering these previous data, it is clear that the problem that technical specialists must solve concerns not only the issues of strict restoration, but also the conditions in which it is carried out, since it concerns not only work at a height of sixty meters, little work space and restrictions which make all items more expensive, but the duration is marked by limitations. At the same time, the work is described as “complex” and requires “experience and dedication”. The final common factor that is taken into account is that after removing the scaffolding, noticeable results cannot be retouched, limiting the fact that the lack of prospects during the work makes it especially difficult because you do not forget that it is impossible to consider the work done from afar.
1.5. Workers performing work at heights (hereinafter referred to as workers) must periodically, at least once a year, undergo training and knowledge testing of occupational safety requirements and be admitted to work of heightened danger.
1.6. Employees, irrespective of their qualifications and work experience, at least once every three months must undergo a second instruction on labor protection; in case of violation of labor protection requirements by them, as well as during a break in work for more than 30 calendar days, employees must undergo an unscheduled briefing.
1.7. Employees who have not undergone timely briefings, training and testing of knowledge on labor protection are not allowed to work independently.
1.8. Employees who are allowed to work at height without the use of inventory scaffolding and scaffolding, as well as with the use of cable access systems, are divided into the following three groups on the safety of work at height:
1 group - employees who are allowed to work as part of a brigade or under the direct control of an employee appointed by order of the employer (hereinafter referred to as employees of group 1);
2 group - foremen, foremen, heads of internships, as well as employees appointed by way of admission to work at heights by responsible implementers of works at heights (hereinafter referred to as employees of the 2 groups);
Group 3 - employees appointed by the employer responsible for the safe organization and performance of work at height, as well as for conducting instructing; teachers and members of certification commissions, created by order of the head of the organization providing training in safe methods and techniques for performing work at height; employees performing maintenance and periodic inspection of personal protective equipment; Workers issuing work permit approvals; responsible managers of work at heights, performed on the side-to-admission; labor protection specialists; officials whose powers include the approval of a plan of work at height (hereinafter - employees of the 3rd group).
1.9. Periodic training of workers of groups 1 and 2 to safe methods and techniques for performing work at heights, conducted without inventory scaffolding and scaffolding, using cable access systems, is carried out at least once every three years.
1.10. Periodic training of employees of group 3 on safe methods and techniques for performing work at heights, conducted without inventory scaffolding and scaffolding using cable access systems, is carried out at least once every five years.
1.11. Employees who are allowed to work at height without the use of inventory scaffolding and scaffolding, as well as using cable access systems, after training in safe methods and techniques for performing work at height must pass an examination and obtain a certificate of admission to work at height without the use of inventory scaffolding and scaffolding , with the use of cable access systems and personal work record book at height without the use of inventory scaffolding and scaffolding, with the use of cable access systems.
1.12. Upon completion of training in safe methods and techniques for performing work at height, employees are required to undergo a special internship for at least two working days (shifts) to consolidate the theoretical knowledge necessary for safe work, as well as to develop and develop practical skills directly in the workplace , safe methods and techniques for performing work; the internship is provided by the employer.
1.13. Employees who are allowed to work independently at height should know:
safety requirements when performing a specific type of work at height;
ways of rational organization of the workplace;
Dangerous and harmful production factors that may adversely affect workers in the process;
rules, regulations and instructions for labor protection and fire safety;
rules for the use of primary fire extinguishing agents;
methods of first aid in case of accidents;
rules of work organization.
1.14. Employees who have shown unsatisfactory knowledge and practical skills to perform work at height, are not allowed to work independently.
1.15. Employees who are assigned to participate in jobs that are not typical of their profession (position) must undergo a targeted briefing on the safe execution of upcoming jobs.
1.16. Employees must perform only the work that is assigned to them in the prescribed manner; do not use tools, appliances and equipment with which they do not have the skills of safe handling.
1.17. Before starting work at heights, the employer must approve the list of work performed at the height according to the permit-tolerance (hereinafter referred to as the List). The list includes work at height, performed on non-stationary workplaces. For the production of works specified in the List, the employer is obliged to ensure the development of a plan for the production of works (hereinafter referred to as PPR) at height. The employer appoints an official responsible for approving the outage at height.
1.18. The main hazardous production factor when working at height is the location of the workplace at a significant height relative to the ground (floor) and the associated possible fall of the worker or the fall of objects on the worker.
1.19. In addition, when working at height, workers may be adversely affected by the following dangerous and harmful production factors:
collapsing structures (ladders, ladders, scaffolding, scaffolding and other auxiliary equipment);
falling objects, tools, materials, etc .;
increased slip (due to icing, wetting, oiling the surfaces of the ground, floor, ladders, ladders, ladders, forests, scaffolding, etc.);
moving motor vehicles, self-propelled mechanisms, moving products, materials;
increased wind speed;
discharges of atmospheric electricity (lightning);
physical overstrain (for example, during long-term work in an uncomfortable position);
low illumination of the workplace.
1.20. To prevent adverse effects on the health of workers of dangerous and harmful production factors, they should use overalls, safety shoes and other personal protective equipment (including protective helmets, anti-slip shoes, etc.), as well as safety systems working at height ( retention systems, positioning systems, safety systems, rescue and evacuation systems).
1.21. Employees are obliged to observe labor and production discipline, the Rules of the labor schedule, the modes of work and rest established for them.
1.22. To prevent the possibility of fire, employees must comply with the fire safety requirements themselves and prevent other workers from violating these requirements; Smoking is allowed only in specially designated areas.
1.23. To prevent the possibility of illness, employees should follow the rules of personal hygiene, including before using food, wash hands thoroughly with soap and water.
1.24. In the event of illness, poor health, lack of rest, the employee should inform his supervisor about his condition and seek medical help.
1.25. If an accident has happened to one of the workers, the victim should be given first aid, report the incident to the supervisor and keep the situation of the incident, if it does not create a danger to others.
1.26. Workers should be able to provide first aid, if necessary, to use a first-aid kit.
1.27. An employee who has committed a violation or non-compliance with the requirements of the instructions for labor protection is considered as a violator of the production discipline and may be brought to disciplinary responsibility, and depending on the consequences - to criminal law; if the violation is connected with causing material damage, then the perpetrator may be subject to liability in the prescribed manner.
2. REQUIREMENTS FOR LABOR PROTECTION BEFORE YOU BEGIN
2.1. Before starting work, wear overalls, safety shoes and other personal protective equipment necessary for the work from exposure to hazardous and harmful production factors.
2.2. Overalls should be appropriately sized, clean and free from movement.
2.3. Before starting work, it is necessary to prepare personal protective equipment, inspect them and ensure that they are fully operational. Employees who are allowed to work at heights should conduct an inspection of the personal protective equipment issued to them before and after each use.
2.4. Depending on the specific conditions of work at height, workers must be provided with the following personal protective equipment - compatible with the fall arrest safety systems:
special clothes - depending on the impact of harmful production factors;
helmets - to protect the head from injuries caused by falling objects or strikes on objects and structures, to protect the upper part of the head from damage by an alternating electric current of up to 440 V;
Защит protective glasses, shields, protective screens - to protect from dust, flying particles, bright light or radiation;
protective gloves or mittens, protective creams and other means - to protect your hands;
special shoes of the appropriate type - when working with the risk of injury to the legs;
means of respiratory protection - from dust, smoke, vapors and gases;
Individual oxygen apparatus and other means - when working in conditions of probable oxygen deficiency;
hearing protection;
protective equipment used in electrical installations;
life jackets and belts - with the danger of falling into the water
alarm vests - when performing work in places of movement vehicle.
2.5. Workers performing work at height are required to use protective helmets with a buttoned chin strap. Internal equipment and chin strap must be removable and have devices for fastening to the helmet body. The chin strap should be adjustable in length, the method of attachment should provide the ability to quickly detach it and not allow spontaneous falling or displacement of the helmet from the working head.
2.6. Depending on the specific type of work performed at height, appropriate work safety systems must be prepared before work begins (restraint systems, positioning systems, safety systems, rescue and evacuation systems).
2.7. Workers should be aware that a safety harness is used as a leash in safety systems. The use of frameless safety belts is prohibited due to the risk of injury or death due to the impact of the worker’s spine when the fall is stopped, the worker’s falling out of the safety belt, or the inability of the worker to stay static in the safety belt for a long time.
2.8. Before starting work at height, you should inspect the place of work to be done and put it in order; if it is cluttered with unnecessary objects that interfere with work, it is necessary to remove all unnecessary things that are not used in work.
2.9. When working at heights, it is necessary to ensure the presence of protective, safety and signal barriers and determine the boundaries of hazardous areas on the basis of current rules and regulations, taking into account the largest size of the cargo being moved, the distance of objects or hot metal particles (for example, during welding), the size of moving parts machines and equipment. The place of installation of fences and safety signs is indicated in the technological cards for work or in the outage at height in accordance with the current technical regulations, rules and regulations.
2.10. When installing and removing fences, it is necessary to comply with the following labor protection requirements:
installation and removal of fences should be carried out in a technological sequence that ensures the safety of the performance of relevant works;
installation and removal of fencing and protection should be carried out with the use of safety systems;
Installation and removal of fences should be performed by specially trained workers under the direct supervision of the responsible contractor.
2.11. If it is impossible to use protective fences, it is allowed to perform work at height with the use of security systems.
2.12. To limit the access of workers and unauthorized persons to areas of increased danger, where it is possible to fall from a height, injuring materials, tools and other objects falling from a height, as well as parts of structures that are in the process of construction, maintenance, repair, installation or disassembly, they must be provided fencing
2.13. If it is impossible to install barriers to restrict workers' access to high-risk areas, the responsible executor (manufacturer) of the work must monitor the location of workers and prohibit them from approaching high-risk areas.
2.14. Openings in which workers may fall are closed, fenced and marked with safety signs.
2.15. Aisles at sites and workplaces must meet the following requirements:
the width of single passages to workplaces and at workplaces must be at least 0.6 m, the distance from the floor of the passage to the floor elements (hereinafter - the height in the light) - not less than 1.8 m;
ladders or shackles used to lift or lower workers to workplaces at a height of more than 5 m should be equipped with safety systems.
2.16. When arranging workplaces on ceilings, the impact of loads from the materials placed, equipment, accessories and people should not exceed the design floor loads foreseen by the project.
2.17. Employees allowed to work at height without the use of inventory scaffolding and scaffolding, with the use of cable access systems on the instructions of the employer for the work is issued on a special form-permit for the work.
2.18. The work permit must specify the place of work at height, their content, conditions of work, the time of commencement and completion of work, the composition of the team performing the work, the responsible persons in the performance of these works. If work at height is carried out simultaneously with other types of work that require a work permit, you can take one work permit with the obligatory inclusion of information about work at height and the appointment of persons responsible for safe work.
2.19. In exceptional cases (accident prevention, elimination of threats to the lives of workers, elimination of consequences of accidents and natural disasters), work at height can be started without a work permit under the guidance of workers appointed by the employer to be responsible for the safe organization and work at height. If these works are performed for more than a day, the registration of the work permit should be made on a mandatory basis.
2.20. When performing work at heights in security zones of buildings or communications, a work permit is issued with the written permission of the owner of this structure or communication.
2.21. Prior to the start of work on the out-admission to identify the risk associated with a possible fall of the employee, it is necessary to conduct an inspection of the workplace for compliance with the Rules (hereinafter referred to as an inspection of the workplace).
2.22. Inspection of the workplace is carried out by the responsible supervisor in the presence of the responsible contractor.
2.23. When inspecting the workplace, the reasons for the possible fall of the employee should be identified, including:
unreliability of anchoring devices;
the presence of fragile (destructible) surfaces, open or unclosed hatches, openings in the work area;
the presence of a slippery working surface with not fenced height differences;
possible loss of equilibrium by an employee during work from scaffolding, from scaffolding, ladders, ladders, in cradles of the lift, violation of their stability, their destruction or tilting;
destruction of the structure, equipment or their elements when working directly on them.
2.24. Ladders and stepladders must be inspected by a responsible contractor before use.
2.25. When inspecting wooden stairs and ladders should pay attention to the condition of the wood. Cracks in the steps and bowstrings are allowed with a length of no more than 100 mm and a depth of no more than 5 mm. All the details of wooden stairs and ladders should have a smooth planed surface.
2.26. When inspecting metal ladders and stepladders, one should make sure that there are no deformation of knots, cracks in the metal, burrs, sharp edges, or disturbances in the attachment of steps to the string.
2.27. During the test of the health and stability of the ladders, the ladders that will be used during the work, the following should be kept in mind:
design ladders and ladders should exclude the possibility of shifting and tilting them during operation;
At the lower ends of ladders and ladders, there should be shackles with sharp tips for installation on the ground. When using ladders and stepladders on smooth supporting surfaces (parquet, metal, tile, concrete), shoes made of rubber or other non-slip material should be worn at the lower ends
when installing a ladder in conditions where it is possible to displace its upper end, the latter must be securely fastened to stable structures;
the upper ends of the stairs attached to the pipes or wires are supplied with special hooks that prevent the stairs from falling from wind pressure or occasional jolts;
for suspended ladders used for work on structures or wires, there should be devices that ensure the strong fastening of stairs to structures or wires;
Install and fix the stairs and platforms on the structures to be mounted before they are lifted. The length of the ladder should provide the employee with the opportunity to work in a standing position on a step at a distance of at least 1 m from the upper end of the ladder;
Do not install stairs on the steps of the staircase march. To perform work in these conditions, scaffolding should be used;
scaffolding, scaffolding and other devices for performing work at heights should be made according to standard designs and taken by the organization for inventory accounting;
the inventory scaffolding and scaffolding must have a manufacturer's passport;
the use of non-inventory forests is allowed in exceptional cases, and their construction must be carried out on an individual project with calculations of all basic elements for strength, and forests as a whole - for sustainability; the project must be approved by the person appointed in the organization responsible for the safe organization of work at height, and approved by the chief engineer (technical director) of the organization or directly by the head of the organization;
near the driveways, scaffolds are installed at a distance of at least 0.6 m from the size of the vehicles;
scaffolding and scaffolding up to 4 m in height are allowed to be used after their acceptance by the work supervisor with a note in the log of receiving and inspecting scaffolding and scaffolding;
scaffolding with a height of more than 4 m from the ground level, floor or platform, on which stands of scaffolding are installed, are allowed to be used after acceptance by the person designated as the person responsible for the safe organization of work at height. When performing work by a contracting organization using the forests it constructs, the latter must be commissioned by the person designated as responsible for the safe organization of work at height, the contracting organization in the presence of the person responsible for the safe organization of work at the height of the organization on whose territory the work is being carried out. The forest acceptance results are approved by the chief engineer (technical director) of the organization hosting the forests for operation or directly by the head of the organization. It is allowed to approve the results of the acceptance of forests constructed by the contracting organization for their needs, by the head of the site (workshop) of this organization. Until approval of forest acceptance results, work with forests is not allowed;
forests, from which no work has been done for a month or more, are subjected to acceptance again before resuming work;
when accepting scaffolding and scaffolding, it is checked for compliance with the manufacturer's passport: the presence of connections and fasteners, ensuring stability, durability of the attachment points of individual elements; serviceability of working flooring and fences; vertical racks; reliability of support sites and the presence of grounding (for metal scaffolding);
suspended scaffolding, scaffolding and cradles after their installation (assembly, manufacturing) can be approved for use after appropriate tests;
Suspended scaffolds should be attached to the bearing parts of the building (structure) or structures to avoid rocking;
in the places of workers lifting onto scaffolding and scaffolding, posters should be placed with an indication of the layout of their placement and the values of permissible loads, as well as the evacuation of employees in the event of an emergency;
before starting work at height in the brigade, each member of the brigade must be instructed and familiarized with his specific duties, the outage at height, work permit, process charts and other regulatory documents related to it;
Before working near live parts that are energized and not protected from accidental contact with them, the voltage must be turned off; at the same time, a warning sign should be posted at the switching device: “Do not turn on! Work is underway! ”;
before starting work, make sure that the place where the work is going to be adequately covered;
before starting work, the employee must inspect the tool, fixtures, auxiliary equipment that will be used in the work, and make sure that they are fully operational;
the employee must personally verify that all measures necessary to ensure the safety of the work to be carried out are completed;
The employee should not start work if he has doubts about ensuring the safety of the work to be done.
2.28. Do not perform work at height:
in open areas with an air flow rate (wind) of 15 m / s and more;
in case of a thunderstorm or fog, excluding the visibility within the work front, as well as on ice from icy structures and in cases of ice wall buildup on wires, equipment, engineering structures (including power line towers), trees;
during installation (dismantling) of structures with high windage at wind speeds of 10 m / s and more.
3. REQUIREMENTS OF LABOR PROTECTION DURING WORK
3.1. An employee who is in a painful or overworked condition, as well as under the influence of alcohol, narcotic substances or drugs that dull attention and reaction, should not begin work at height, as this may lead to an accident.
3.2. During work, the employee must behave calmly and calmly, avoid conflict situations that can cause neuro-emotional stress and affect labor safety.
3.3. While working at height you should be careful not to be distracted from the performance of your duties.
3.4. All work at height must be carried out in accordance with the technological documentation and the rules of technical operation of the equipment used, machines and mechanisms in compliance with the requirements ensuring the protection of the worker from the effects of hazardous and harmful production factors.
3.5. Work at height should be carried out with specially designed for each type of work and with auxiliary protections fencing (ladders, stairs, scaffolding, towers, platforms, etc.). It is not allowed to perform work at height from random supporting surfaces (boxes, barrels, window sills, etc.), arrange flooring for work on them, and also use scaffolding, scaffolding and platforms as supporting structures for fastening lifting mechanisms (hoists, blocks and etc.)
3.6. Considering that falls from a height, including from ladders, ladders, platforms, forests, scaffolding, are the most common cause of injuries at work, workers need special attention to safe organization of their workplace.
3.7. The organization of the workplace should provide a stable position and freedom of movement of the employee.
3.8. You should not work for a long time in an uncomfortable working posture (for example, with outstretched or highly raised hands), which causes increased fatigue.
3.9. The stepladder or ladder when performing work should be installed so that there is no need to move its center of gravity beyond the working platform of the ladder (ladder dimensions).
3.10. Ladders without work sites may be used only to transfer workers between individual tiers of a building or to perform work that does not require the employee to rest in the building construction.
3.11. It is not allowed to work on portable ladders and ladders:
over rotating (moving) mechanisms, working machines, conveyors;
using electric and pneumatic tools, construction and installation guns;
when performing gas welding, gas flame and electric welding;
when tensioning wires and to maintain heavy parts at height.
3.12. When using a ladder or ladders are not allowed:
work from the two upper steps of ladders without railings or stops;
be on the steps of a ladder or stepladder to more than one person;
Raise and lower the load on the ladder and leave tools on it.
3.13. When working with a ladder in places with heavy traffic of vehicles or people to prevent it from falling from random shocks (regardless of the presence of tips at the ends of the ladder), the place of its installation should be fenced or guarded. In cases where it is impossible to fix the ladder when installing it on a smooth floor, at its base should be an employee in a helmet and keep the ladder in a stable position.
3.14. When moving the ladder by two workers, it is necessary to carry the tips backwards, warning those oncoming about the danger. When carrying the ladder by one worker, it should be in an inclined position so that its front end is elevated above the ground by at least 2 m.
3.15. When working with ladders at a height of more than 1.8 m, a safety system must be applied, which is attached to the structure of the building or to the ladder (provided that the ladder is attached to a building or other structure).
3.16. Equipment, machinery, manual mechanized and other tools, inventory, tools and materials used when performing work at height should be applied with ensuring safety measures that prevent them from falling (placement in bags and pouches, fastening, slinging, placement at a sufficient distance from the border elevation difference or fixing to the worker's safety leash).
3.17. Tools, implements, tools and materials weighing more than 10 kg should be suspended on a separate rope with an independent anchor device.
3.18. Materials, products, structures for receiving and storing at workplaces at a height should be taken in the volumes necessary for the current processing and should be laid so as not to clutter up the workplace and walkways to it based on the carrying capacity of scaffolding, scaffolding, platforms, on which the specified cargo is placed.
3.19. To lift the load on the scaffolding, blocks, stubs and other means of small-scale mechanization are used, which should be fixed in accordance with the ATP at height.
3.20. Scaffolding and scaffolding ladders and scaffolding should be periodically in the process of work and every day after work is finished to clear debris, and in winter time - to clear from snow and ice and, if necessary, sprinkle with sand.
3.21. Jobs must be kept clean. Storage of workpieces, materials, tools, finished products, production waste must be carried out in accordance with the technological and route maps.
3.22. At the workplace, it is not allowed to place and accumulate unused materials, production waste, it is prohibited to block the ways of access to and exit from workplaces.
3.23. For a safe transition from one workplace to another at height when it is impossible to build transition bridges with protective fences, safety systems should be used that use rigid or flexible anchor lines horizontally or at an angle of up to 7 ° to the horizon as the anchor device.
3.24. Works performed at heights without protective fences are made using restraining, positioning, safety systems and (or) cable access systems in accordance with the AHR at height or with an admission order.
3.25. Work from the cradles of construction hoists (towers) and front hoists in accordance with the inspection of the workplace is carried out using restraint systems or safety systems.
3.26. When operating mobile scaffolds, the following requirements must be met:
the slope of the surface on which the movement of scaffolding in the transverse and longitudinal directions is carried out should not exceed the values specified in the passport or manufacturer's instructions for this type of scaffolding;
the movement of scaffolding at a wind speed of more than 10 m / s is not allowed;
before moving, scaffolding should be freed from materials and containers and there should be no people on them;
doors in the fence of scaffolding should open inwards and have a double action locking device that prevents them from spontaneous opening.
3.27. When performing work at height in the brigade, each member of the brigade must comply with the instructions of the responsible executor of work, as well as the requirements of instructions on labor protection by profession and by the type of work to which he is admitted.
3.28. The safety of workers when working at heights in suspended cradles, in addition to the general requirements for working on forests, must be ensured by using a safety safety system.
3.29. The cable access system can be used only in the case when the workplace inspection indicates that the use of other, more secure methods and equipment is not appropriate during the work.
3.30. For ascent and descent of the worker on the vertical (more than 70 ° to the horizon) and inclined (more than 30 ° to the horizon) planes, as well as to perform work in suspension in an unsupported space, a cable access system consisting of anchor devices (a) and connecting subsystem (flexible or rigid anchor line, slings, ropes, carbines, device for descent, device for lifting).
3.31. Works with the use of cable access systems are carried out with the obligatory use of a safety system consisting of an anchor device, a connecting subsystem (flexible or rigid anchor line, shock absorber, slings, ropes, carbines, safety gear, safety tether).
3.32. It is not allowed to use one cable at the same time for the safety system and for the cable access system.
3.33. Work with the use of the cable access system at a height requires the development of an outage at the height and is performed on the side-tolerance.
3.34. Places and methods of fixing the cable access system and the safety system to the anchor devices are indicated in the PRD at height or attire.
3.35. The cable access system and the safety system must have separate anchoring devices. Anchorage points are suitable if each withstands a load of at least 22 kN without breaking down.
3.36. If an emergency plan and during rescue operations are supposed to fix rescue and evacuation systems to attachment points used during work, they must withstand a load of at least 24 kN without destruction.
3.37. In places where the rope may be damaged or clamped, it is necessary to use rope protection.
3.38. All ropes fixed at one end (flexible anchor lines) must have end stops, for example a knot, to avoid the possibility of passing the end of the rope during descent. In accordance with the recommendations of manufacturers of PPE, a rope limiter can be combined with a weighting agent.
3.39. If several employees work simultaneously on one vertical over one another, they are not allowed.
3.40. The use of nodes for fastening the connecting subsystem to the anchor device in cable access systems is unacceptable. Knots used for hanging tools, implements, devices and materials, as well as delayed ropes used on the ropes should be indicated at the height of the flow tube and should not be unintentionally unfastened or untied.
3.41. In exceptional cases (emergency evacuation, danger of life), taking into account the risk assessment of a fall from a height, permission may be given to use only one cable for simultaneous use in the cable access system and the safety system.
3.42. When working with the cable access system for more than 30 minutes, a working seat should be used.
3.43. A working seat that is not structurally part of a safety leash should have back support in the lumbar region. To improve ergonomics, the working seat may include a height-adjustable footrest (footrest).
3.44. In rope access systems, static ropes made of synthetic fibers are mainly used. It is allowed to use steel ropes with the use of appropriate devices for lifting and descending.
3.45. The length of the ropes used both in the cable access system and in the safety system shared with it, as well as ways of increasing their length required for the performance of work, are determined by the PRL at height.
3.46. During a break in work during a work shift (for example, for lunch, under work conditions), crew members must be removed from the workplace (from a height), components of the safety systems removed, and the cables of the cable access system must be either lifted or inability to access them. unauthorized persons. Brigade members do not have the right to return to the workplace after the break without a responsible contractor. The admission after such a break is performed by the responsible executor of the work without registration in the work permit.
3.47. With a wind speed of 15 m / s and more, deterioration of visibility due to darkness or fog, thunderstorms approaching or ice, the work at altitude should be stopped.
4. REQUIREMENTS OF LABOR PROTECTION IN EMERGENCY SITUATIONS
4.1. In case of detection of violations of labor protection requirements that pose a threat to health or personal safety, the employee should contact the work supervisor and inform him about it; until the threat has been eliminated, stop working and leave the danger zone.
4.2. When any malfunctions of climbing equipment, ladders, stepladders, etc., tooling, personal protective equipment, safety systems for working at height, used equipment, tools or equipment are detected, work should be stopped immediately and reported this to your immediate supervisor. It is not allowed to continue work with the use of defective means of ascent, ladders, stepladders, etc., tooling, personal protective equipment, safety systems for work at height, equipment, tools or equipment.
4.3. Upon detection of violations of measures ensuring the safety of work at heights stipulated by the workout permit and the outage at height, or if other circumstances threaten the safety of workers are identified, team members should be removed from the work site by the responsible executor. Only after the elimination of the detected violations, the members of the brigade can be re-employed.
4.4. In the event of an accident, poisoning, sudden illness, you must immediately give first aid to the victim, call the ambulance brigade by calling 103 or help deliver the victim to the medical facility, and then inform the supervisor about the incident.
4.5. The employee must be able to provide first aid for injuries; at the same time, he should know that any wound can easily become contaminated with microbes on the injured object, the skin of the victim, as well as in the dust, on the hands of the person who is assisting and on the dirty dressing material.
4.6. When providing first aid for injuries, you must observe the following rules:
You can not wash the wound with water or even with any drug, cover it with powder and lubricate it with ointments, as this prevents the wound from healing, causes festering and promotes dirt from the skin surface.
Carefully remove the dirt from the skin around the wound, cleaning it from the edges to the outside so as not to contaminate the wound; cleaned skin should be smeared with iodine and bandage.
4.7. To provide first aid for injuries, it is necessary to open the dressing bag in the first-aid kit.
4.8. When applying a dressing, do not touch the part to be applied directly to the wound; if for some reason there was no dressing bag, then a clean scarf, a clean cloth, etc. can be used for dressing; impose cotton wool directly on the wound is impossible.
4.9. It is necessary to drop a few drops of iodine on the place of the fabric that is applied directly to the wound in order to get a spot the size of which is larger than the wound, and then to put the fabric on the wound; the carer must wash his hands or iodine his fingers; It is not allowed to touch the wound itself even with washed hands.
4.10. First aid to the victim should be provided immediately and immediately at the scene of the incident, immediately after the cause of the injury has been removed, using medications and dressings that should be kept in the first aid kit.
4.11. The first-aid kit should be equipped with dressings and medicines, which have not expired; first aid kit should be in a visible and accessible place.
4.12. First aid for bruises and sprains should be performed in the following sequence:
“cold” should be applied to reduce pain and prevent hemorrhage;
put on a tight bandage;
hurt the place to create peace;
Do not lubricate the injured place with iodine, rub and apply a warming compress, as this only increases the pain.
4.13. For fractures and dislocations:
Ensure that the injured limb is at rest;
with an open fracture, first stop the bleeding and apply a sterile dressing, then apply a splint;
when the fracture is closed, put a splint on top of the victim's clothes;
Приклад apply “cold” to the fracture site;
Do not try to correct the dislocation yourself, only a doctor can do it.
4.14. If an injury occurs due to an electric current, first aid measures depend on the state in which the victim is after releasing him from the action of electric current:
If the victim is conscious, but before that he was in a state of fainting, he should be put in a comfortable position and before the doctor's arrival ensure complete rest, continuously watching the breath and pulse; In no case should the victim be allowed to move.
If the victim is unconscious, but with sustained steady breathing and pulse, he should be comfortably laid, unzipped clothes, create a flow of fresh air, let him smell ammonia, sprinkle with water and provide complete rest.
If the victim breathes badly (very rarely and convulsively), he should do artificial respiration and heart massage; in the absence of the victim signs of life (breathing and pulse) can not be considered dead, artificial respiration should be performed continuously, both before and after the arrival of the doctor; the question of the aimlessness of further carrying out artificial respiration is decided by the doctor.
4.15. If a fire or burning is detected (smoke, burning smell, temperature increase, etc.), the fire brigade must be notified immediately by calling 101 or 112.
4.16. Before the fire brigade arrives, it is necessary to take measures to evacuate people and property and to start extinguishing the fire.
4.17. It is necessary to organize a meeting of the fire brigade units and assist in choosing the shortest path for the approach to the fire center.
5. REQUIREMENTS FOR LABOR PROTECTION AT THE END OF WORK
5.1. At the end of the work, the workplace should be put in order, tools, fixtures, materials, etc. should be removed.
5.2. If the work at height was carried out as part of a brigade, then the responsible executor of the work is obliged to withdraw the brigade members from the work site at the end of the work shift.
5.3. After completion of work at height, equipment, mechanisms, means of small-scale mechanization, and hand tools should be removed from height.
5.4. Ladders and ladders that were used during work should be removed to the designated storage location.
5.5. Ladders should be stored in dry rooms under conditions precluding their accidental mechanical damage.
5.6. The cradles and mobile scaffoldings from which no work is performed during a shift must be lowered to the ground.
5.7. At the end of the work, protective clothing, safety shoes and other personal protective equipment should be removed and put away at the designated storage location, if necessary, handed over for washing and cleaning.
5.8. About all observed in the process of work failures and malfunctions of the used means of lifting height, ladders, step ladders, etc., technological equipment, personal protective equipment, safety systems working at height, used equipment, tools or equipment, as well as other violations labor protection requirements should be reported to your immediate supervisor.
5.9. At the end of the work, wash your hands thoroughly with soap and warm water and take a shower if necessary.
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