The correct location of the planets. Mnemonic in its purest form. The outer region of the solar system.

Long since the attention of people attracted space. Planets in the solar system, astronomers began to study in the Middle Ages, considering them in primitive telescopes. But it became possible to make a careful classification, description of the features of the structure and movement of celestial bodies only in the 20th century. With the advent of powerful equipment, equipped with the latest technology observatories and spacecraft was discovered several previously unknown objects. Now every student can list all the planets of the solar system in order. Almost all of them descended on a space probe, and man has so far been only on the moon.

Since the atmosphere of Venus is much richer than carbon dioxide than the Earth, its greenhouse effect is very intense. Moreover, the planet is close to the Sun and therefore receives more radiation. In addition, the atmosphere consists of "heavy" elements, therefore atmosphere pressure very large. It reaches 92 atmospheres on earth, equal to pressure, which is 900 meters deep into the sea. The astronaut on the planet will immediately be crushed.

Venus has no satellites or rings. The planet moves around the Sun in an almost circular orbit at a distance of 108 million kilometers, a complete revolution lasts 225 days on Earth. The rotation of Venus has long been a mystery. Usually, it determines the rotation period. The planet observes a point on its surface and measures the time it takes to reappear in the same position, but the surface of Venus is constantly hidden by clouds, so this method cannot be applied. radio waves are able to penetrate the clouds, and the detected rather unusual.

What is the Solar System?

The universe is huge and includes many galaxies. Our solar system is part of a galaxy in which more than 100 billion stars. But very few of them resemble the sun. Basically, they are all red dwarfs, which are smaller in size and shine less brightly. Scientists have suggested that the solar system was formed after the occurrence of the sun. Its huge field of attraction captured a gas-dust cloud, from which, as a result of gradual cooling, particles of solid matter formed. Over time, they formed celestial bodies. It is believed that the Sun is now in the middle of its life, so it will exist, as well as all the celestial bodies dependent on it, will be even a few billion years. The near space has been studied by astronomers for a long time, and any person knows what planets of the solar system exist. Photos of them taken from space satellites can be found on the pages of various information resources devoted to this subject. All celestial bodies are held by a strong field of attraction of the sun, which is more than 99% of the volume of the solar system. Large celestial bodies rotate around the star and around its axis in one direction and in one plane, which is called the plane of the ecliptic.

Clouds have a 4-day period of rotation of the Earth, and the planet uses up to 243, that is, the rotation lasts longer than the turnover. they rotate in the opposite sense to all other planets in the solar system. In technical terms it says rotation is retrograde. if we were on Venus, we would see that the Sun rises to the west and goes to the East instead of Earth.

Some of these probes were damaged by the atmosphere of the planet. Other missions, such as the Pioneer Venus Orbiter, were more successful. There is no water on Venus due to the high temperatures that evaporate. The soil of Venus is the desert space of a yellowish-red rock, mostly flat. However, there are also some high plateaus and some mountain ranges, even a few thousand meters in height. There are no large craters on the planet. Of course, even these were meteoric collisions, but the atmosphere moistened the blow and washed away the surface, clearing its tracks.

The planets of the solar system in order

In modern astronomy, it is considered to be celestial bodies, starting from the sun. In the 20th century, a classification was created, which includes 9 planets of the solar system. But recent space exploration and the latest discoveries have pushed scientists to revise many of the provisions in astronomy. And in 2006, at the international congress, because of its small size (a dwarf not exceeding three thousand km in diameter), Pluto was excluded from the number of classical planets, and there are eight of them left. Now the structure of our solar system has taken a symmetrical, slender appearance. It includes four terrestrial planets: Mercury, Venus, Earth and Mars, then comes the asteroid belt, followed by four giant planets: Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune. On the outskirts of the solar system, too, passes which scientists called the Kuiper belt. This is where Pluto is located. These places are still little studied because of its remoteness from the Sun.

Most of the cliffs on Venus are of volcanic origin. There are many volcanoes, some of which are still believed that the internal structure of the planet is similar to the internal structure of the Earth: the core of the iron material, surrounded by a rocky mantle and outer crust of a thickness of hundreds of kilometers. Mercury is the closest planet to the Sun; because of its proximity, it is difficult to notice. In fact, the planet is visible, very close to the Sun, shortly before dawn or just after sunset, on very peaceful nights, and at the same time overshadowed by sunlight, Mercury is only 58 million kilometers from the Sun, just over a third of Earth to the Sun, its orbit is very elliptical, that is crushed, the planet travels in just 88 days, faster than any other planet, and at the same time, Mercury slowly rotates over itself a day, that is, the duration of rotation, on Mercury lasts 59 times more than on earth.

Features of the terrestrial planets

What makes these celestial bodies one group? We list the main characteristics of the inner planets:

relatively not big sizes;
solid surface, high density and similar composition (oxygen, silicon, aluminum, iron, magnesium and other heavy elements);
the presence of the atmosphere;
the same structure: a core of iron with nickel impurities, a mantle consisting of silicates, and a crust of silicate rocks (except for Mercury, it has no bark);
a small number of satellites - only 3 on four planets;
fairly weak magnetic field.

Because of its movement, Mercury has a peculiar feature: if there were inhabitants on the planet, they would see that the sun rises in the morning and then descends briefly and finally rises again. In the same way, in the evening, they would see him fall, rising slightly to the sky and finally sitting down. In fact, there can be no inhabitants on Mercury: no form of life that we know will survive on the planet due to the very high temperature.

It performs three turns every two turns around the sun. As a result, any point on its surface remains open to the sun's rays for a total of 176 days on Earth! Mercury has no satellites or rings. This is a very bumpy planet. In fact, she does not even have a real atmosphere, but only a tiny gas stovewhich is not enough to restore it from intense sunlight. For this reason, there is not even water on the planet: the sun's rays will evaporate immediately.

Features of giant planets

As for the outer planets, or the gas giants, they have such similar characteristics:

large sizes and masses;
they do not have a solid surface and are composed of gases, mainly helium and hydrogen (therefore they are also called gas giants);
liquid core consisting of metallic hydrogen;
high rotation speed;
a strong magnetic field, which explains the unusual nature of many processes occurring on them;
there are 98 satellites in this group, most of which belong to Jupiter;
the most characteristic feature gas giants is the presence of rings. All four planets have them, though they are not always visible.

Mercury does not have an atmosphere, because, like the Moon, it has a small mass: as we have seen, gravity is not only responsible for the fall of bodies, but also associated with keeping two celestial bodies in orbit and holding particles of gas around the planet that make up the atmosphere.

Its intensity also depends on the mass of the body, which manifests itself: if the mass is small, gravity is insufficient to hold the gas particles and they “run away” from the planet. In fact, Mercury, after Pluto, is the smallest planet in the solar system. And this is only a third of the size of the Earth: it measures 878 kilometers in diameter, its mass is 330 billion trillion tons, for us it is the mass of all respect, but only 6% of the Earth.

The first in a row planet - Mercury

It is located closest to the sun. Therefore, from its surface the star looks three times larger than from Earth. This also explains the strong temperature drops: from -180 to +430 degrees. Mercury is very fast moving in orbit. Maybe that's why he got this name, because in Greek mythology, Mercury is the messenger of the gods. There is practically no atmosphere here, and the sky is always black, but the sun shines very brightly. However, at the poles there are places where its rays never fall. This phenomenon can be explained by the inclination of the axis of rotation. No surface water was found. This circumstance, as well as the abnormally high daytime temperature (as well as low nighttime), fully explain the fact that there is no life on the planet.

The density of mercury is 5, 43 times higher than that of water, which is slightly lower than that of Earth. The planet consists of 80% of a large core of black material. The enormous pressure of the overlapping layers causes the core to probably be in a liquid state. This core is surrounded by a silicate layer, which, in turn, is covered with bark, like Earth.

The absence of the atmosphere is also associated with the appearance of the surface of Mercury. The planet is covered, like the moon, by large and small craters and huge slopes, which were formed as a result of the fall of meteorites on the planet. They break up into small fragments and form dust covering the soil. Large craters also have diameters of up to 200 km and are called basins. The most famous is the Caloris pool, from which you can see the detail in this image.

Venus

If we study the planets of the Solar System in order, then the second in a row is Venus. Her people could observe in the sky in antiquity, but, since it appeared only in the morning and in the evening, it was thought that these were 2 different objects. By the way, our ancestors, the Slavs called it the Mertsana. This is the third brightest object in our solar system. Previously, people called it the morning and evening star, because it is best seen before the sunrise and sunset. Venus and the Earth are very similar in structure, composition, size and gravity. Around its axis, this planet moves very slowly, making a complete revolution in 243.02 Earth days. Of course, the conditions on Venus are very different from those on earth. It is two times closer to the Sun, so it’s very hot there. The high temperature is also explained by the fact that thick clouds of sulfuric acid and the atmosphere of carbon dioxide create a greenhouse effect on the planet. In addition, the surface pressure is 95 times greater than on Earth. Therefore, the first ship to visit Venus in the 70s of the 20th century stood there for no more than an hour. A feature of the planet is also the fact that it rotates in the opposite direction, compared with most planets. More astronomers about this celestial object is not yet known.

This is the star nearest to the Earth and forming the center of our planetary system and the main source of light and heat; it thus makes possible organic life on earth. The atmosphere of the Sun is divided into three zones: the photosphere, the chromosphere and the corona, which extends to several solar diameters. The solar atmosphere is home to numerous phenomena, indicated in the set by solar activity; The main ones are: spots, edges, tremors and bulges. Spots whose average lifespan ranges from a few days to several dozen days usually appear in groups.

The third planet from the sun

The only place in the solar system, and indeed in the entire universe known to astronomers, where life exists, is the Earth. In the earth group, it has the largest dimensions. What else is her

The greatest gravity among the terrestrial planets.
Very strong magnetic field.
High density
It is the only one among all planets that possesses a hydrosphere, which contributed to the formation of life.
It has the largest, in comparison with its size, satellite, which stabilizes its inclination relative to the Sun and affects natural processes.

The planet Mars

This is one of the smallest planets of our galaxy. If we look at the planets of the Solar System in order, then Mars is the fourth from the Sun. Its atmosphere is very rarefied, and the pressure on the surface is almost 200 times less than on Earth. For the same reason, there are very strong temperature differences. The planet Mars has been little studied, although it has long attracted the attention of people. According to scientists, this is the only celestial body on which life could exist. Indeed, in the past on the surface of the planet was water. Such a conclusion can be drawn on the basis of the fact that there are large ice caps at the poles, and the surface is covered with a multitude of furrows that could be dried up river beds. In addition, there are some minerals on Mars, the formation of which is possible only in the presence of water. Another feature of the fourth planet is the presence of two satellites. Their singularity is that Phobos gradually slows down its rotation and approaches the planet, and Deimos, on the contrary, is moving away.

They appear at higher latitudes, and then appear at lower latitudes, until they are close to the equator. This cycle is properly called the cycle of spots and has a period of about 11 years. The undeclared period is typical not only for the cycle of sunspots, but also for all solar activity.

In this area, where nuclear processes are located, almost all the electromagnetic energy emitted by the sun is created. Solar radiation consists of electromagnetic radiation of almost all wavelengths and corpuscular radiation. The sun, observed on a spectroscope, provides a continuous spectrum, grown by many absorption lines.

What is famous for Jupiter

The fifth planet is the largest. In the volume of Jupiter would fit 1300 Earth, and its mass is 317 times the Earth's. Like all gas giants, its structure is hydrogen-helium, resembling the composition of stars. Jupiter is the most interesting planet, which has many characteristic features:

The phenomenon that the Sun in its apparent rotation around the Earth never falls below the horizon, but remains visible during the day. A short walk from Locarno to Tegna along Astrovia, visiting the grottoes of Ponte Bollolla and returning with Tsentavallina.

Open from Easter at the end of October, 14:00 - 18:00. The system of celestial bodies, which owns the sun, nine planets with their satellites, comets, thousands of asteroids and meteors; the space in which these orbits of bodies have a shape similar to the shape of a ball, about a billion kilometers in diameter, and is filled with so-called interplanetary matter, consisting mainly of fine powders and gases. The solar system is the only planetary system that has been created and is widely documented. Eighty were discovered that around some stars, such as Vega, orbits of bodies of cold matter; Most astronomers believe that planetary systems are very common in the universe: according to recent research, the stars seem to be 51 Pegasus, 70 Virginia, 47 Ursa Majoris, rotate one or more planets.

it is the third brightest celestial body after the Moon and Venus;
on Jupiter, the strongest magnetic field among all the planets;
it makes a complete rotation around the axis in just 10 Earth hours - faster than other planets;
an interesting feature of Jupiter is the large red spot - so visible from the Earth is an atmospheric vortex rotating counterclockwise;
like all giant planets, it has rings, though not as bright as those of Saturn;
this planet has the largest number of satellites. There are 63 of them. The most famous are Europe, where they found water, Ganymede is the largest satellite of the planet Jupiter, as well as Io and Calisto;
another feature of the planet is that in the shade the surface temperature is higher than in places illuminated by the sun.

The sun is a giant sphere with an average density close to that of water. It rotates around its axis with greater speed in the direction of the equator and decreases towards the poles. The power per unit surface from which the sun emits heat is called the solar constant.

We can distinguish the interior of the Sun, the visible surface and its atmosphere. The generated energy is transferred to the outside through a radiation process that affects the surrounding gaseous envelope, called the radiation zone, where gas atoms absorb and emit energy, but do not cause nuclear reactions. occurs by convection and includes an external gas shell, called the convective zone.

Planet Saturn

It is the second largest gas giant, also named after the ancient god. It consists of hydrogen and helium, but traces of methane, ammonia and water were found on its surface. Scientists have found that Saturn is the most rarefied planet. Its density is less than that of water. This gas giant rotates very quickly - it makes one revolution in 10 terrestrial hours, as a result of which the planet is flattened from the sides. Huge speeds on Saturn and the wind - up to 2,000 kilometers per hour. This is more than the speed of sound. Saturn has another distinctive feature - it holds 60 satellites in its field of attraction. The largest of them - Titan - is the second largest in the entire solar system. Uniqueness this object lies in the fact that, exploring its surface, scientists first discovered a celestial body with conditions similar to those that existed on Earth about 4 billion years ago. But the most important feature of Saturn is the presence of bright rings. They gird the planet around the equator and reflect more light than itself. Four is the most amazing phenomenon in the solar system. Unusually, the inner rings move faster than the outer ones.

The sphere of photography is a shell that emits almost all sunlight and, thus, corresponds to the sunlight of the sun. The surface of the photosphere is not smooth, but has a brilliant structure of granules, formed by gas masses from 100 to 200 ° C, hotter than the surrounding area. These masses rise to the surface and then cool.

The bright surface of the photosphere is not uniform, but is dotted with sunspots. These are small dark areas suppressed relative to the surrounding area, with a darker central area surrounded by a lighter band. They appear in groups of an average duration of 2 weeks, creating a strong magnetic field around them, which prevents convective movements.

Ice giant - Uranus

So, we continue to consider the planets of the solar system in order. The seventh planet from the Sun is Uranus. It is the coldest of all - the temperature drops to -224 ° C. In addition, scientists did not find metallic hydrogen in its composition, but found modified ice. Therefore, Uranus belongs to a separate category of ice giants. An amazing feature of this celestial body is that it rotates, lying on its side. The change of seasons on the planet is also unusual: as many as 42 Earth years, winter reigns there, and the Sun does not appear at all, summer also lasts 42 years, and the Sun does not set at that time. In the spring and autumn, the light appears every 9 hours. Like all giant planets, Uranus has rings and many satellites. As many as 13 rings revolve around it, but they are not as bright as Saturn, and the planet holds only 27 satellites. If you compare Uranus with the Earth, it is 4 times as large as it, 14 times heavier and is at a distance from the Sun 19 times greater than the path to the luminary from our planet.

They look around the edge of the sun, giving the idea of real gas bubbles. The chromosphere is a transparent hot gas envelope that flows around the photosphere. This is seen for a short time during a total solar eclipse, when the moon completely hides the disk of the photosphere: the chromosphere then appears as a thin, self-luminous, outer boundary of which is fragmented in many bright spots.

The corona is the outermost part of the solar atmosphere and is formed by an evergreen ionized envelope when it moves away from the chromosphere. Since its low luminosity is visible only during a total eclipse. Most external ionized particles have a velocity to avoid gravitational attraction and dissipate like solar winds. Corona has a much higher temperature than the surface of the Sun, due to the convective motions of the photosphere, from which they propagate at supersonic velocity, the impact waves reaching the corona: gases receive the energy of such waves, increasing the temperature.

Neptune: Invisible Planet

After Pluto was excluded from the number of planets, Neptune became the last from the Sun in the system. It is located 30 times farther from the luminary than the Earth, and is not visible from our planet even through a telescope. Scientists discovered it, so to speak, by chance: observing the peculiarities of the motion of the planets and their satellites closest to it, they concluded that there must be another large celestial body beyond the orbit of Uranus. After discovery and research, the interesting features of this planet became clear:

due to the presence in the atmosphere of a large amount of methane, the color of the planet from space seems to be blue-green;
neptune's orbit is almost perfectly round;
the planet rotates very slowly - it makes one lap in 165 years;
Neptune is 4 times the size of the Earth and 17 times heavier, but the force of attraction is almost the same as on our planet;
the largest of the 13 satellites of this giant is Triton. He is always turned to the planet with one side and slowly approaches it. According to these signs, scientists have suggested that he was captured by the attraction of Neptune.

In the entire Milky Way galaxy there are about a hundred billion planets. So far, scientists can not even study some of them. But the number of planets in the solar system is known to almost all people on Earth. True, in the 21st century, interest in astronomy has faded a little, but even children know the name of the planets of the solar system.

The solar system is a group of planets rotating in certain orbits around a bright star - the Sun. This luminary is the main source of heat and light in the solar system.

It is believed that our system of planets was formed as a result of the explosion of one or several stars, and this happened about 4.5 billion years ago. Initially, the solar system was a collection of gas and dust particles, however, over time and under the influence of its own mass, the Sun and other planets arose.

Planets of the Solar System

In the center of the solar system is the Sun, around which eight planets move in their orbits: Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune.

Until 2006, Pluto belongs to this group of planets, it was considered the 9th planet from the Sun, however, due to its considerable distance from the Sun and its small size, it was excluded from this list and called the dwarf planet. Rather, it is one of several dwarf planets in the Kuiper belt.

All the above planets can be divided into two large groups: the terrestrial group and the gas giants.

The terrestrial group includes such planets as: Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars. They are distinguished by their small size and stony surface, and in addition, they are located closer than others to the Sun.

The gas giants include: Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune. They are characterized by large sizes and the presence of rings, which are ice dust and rocky pieces. These planets consist mainly of gas.

The sun

The sun is a star around which all the planets and satellites in the solar system rotate. It consists of hydrogen and helium. The age of the Sun is 4.5 billion years, it is only in the middle of its life cycle, gradually increasing in size. Now the diameter of the Sun is 1,391,400 km. After as many years, this star will expand and reach the orbit of the Earth.

The sun is a source of heat and light for our planet. Its activity increases or becomes weaker every 11 years.

Due to the extremely high temperatures on its surface, a detailed study of the Sun is extremely difficult, and attempts to launch a special vehicle as close as possible to the star continue.

Earth group of planets

Mercury

This planet is one of the smallest in the solar system, its diameter is 4,879 km. In addition, it is closest to the Sun. This proximity predetermined a significant temperature difference. The average temperature on Mercury in the daytime is +350 degrees Celsius, and at night - -170 degrees.

If you focus on the earth year, then Mercury makes a complete revolution around the Sun for 88 days, and one day there, 59 earth days last. It was noted that this planet periodically can change its speed of rotation around the Sun, its distance from it and its position.

There is no atmosphere on Mercury; therefore, asteroids often attack it and leave behind a lot of craters on its surface. Sodium, helium, argon, hydrogen, oxygen were found on this planet.

A detailed study of Mercury is very difficult due to its close proximity to the Sun. Sometimes Mercury can be seen from Earth with the naked eye.

According to one theory, it is believed that Mercury was previously a satellite of Venus, however, it has not yet been possible to prove this assumption. Mercury has no satellite of its own.

Venus

This planet is the second from the Sun. In size it is close to the diameter of the Earth, the diameter is 12,104 km. For all other indicators, Venus is significantly different from our planet. The day here lasts 243 earth days, and the year is 255 days. The atmosphere of Venus is 95% carbon dioxide, which creates a greenhouse effect on its surface. This leads to the fact that the average temperature on the planet is 475 degrees Celsius. The atmosphere also includes 5% nitrogen and 0.1% oxygen.

Unlike the Earth, most of the surface of which is covered with water, there is no liquid on Venus, and almost the entire surface is occupied by frozen basaltic lava. According to one theory, earlier on this planet there were oceans, however, as a result of internal heating, they evaporated, and couples were carried away by the solar wind into outer space. Low winds blow near the surface of Venus, however, at an altitude of 50 km, their speed increases significantly and is 300 meters per second.

Venus has many craters and hills, resembling earthly continents. The formation of craters is attributed to the fact that earlier on the planet there was a less dense atmosphere.

A distinctive feature of Venus is that, unlike other planets, its movement does not occur from west to east, but from east to west. It can be seen from the Earth even without the aid of a telescope after sunset or before sunrise. This is due to the ability of its atmosphere to reflect light well.

Venus has no satellite.

Land

Our planet is at a distance of 150 million km from the Sun and this allows us to create on its surface a temperature suitable for the existence of water in a liquid form, and, therefore, for the emergence of life.

Its surface is 70% covered with water, and it is the only planet on which there is such a quantity of liquid. It is believed that many thousands of years ago, the vapor in the atmosphere created the temperature on the Earth’s surface necessary for the formation of water in liquid form, and solar radiation contributed to photosynthesis and the birth of life on the planet.

A feature of our planet is that under the crust there are huge tectonic plates that, moving, collide with each other and lead to a change in the landscape.

The diameter of the Earth is 12 742 km. Earth day lasts 23 hours 56 minutes 4 seconds, and a year - 365 days 6 hours 9 minutes 10 seconds. Its atmosphere is 77% composed of nitrogen, 21% oxygen and a small percentage of the remaining gases. None of the atmospheres of the other planets in the solar system has this amount of oxygen.

According to research scientists, the age of the Earth is 4.5 billion years old, about the same as its only moon exists. She is always turned to our planet with only one side. On the surface of the moon are many craters, mountains and plains. It reflects sunlight very faintly, so it can be seen from the Earth in a pale moonlight.

Mars

This planet is the fourth in a row from the Sun and removed from it at a distance of 1.5 times greater than the Earth. The diameter of Mars is less than that of Earth and is 6,779 km. The average temperature of air on the planet varies from -155 degrees to +20 degrees in the equatorial region. The magnetic field on Mars is much weaker than that of the Earth, and the atmosphere is quite discharged, which allows solar radiation to influence the surface unhindered. In this connection, if there is life on Mars, it is not on the surface.

During the survey with the help of rovers it was found that there are many mountains on Mars, as well as dried river beds and glaciers. The surface of the planet is covered with red sand. This color is given to Mars by iron oxide.

One of the most frequent events on the planet are dust storms, which are voluminous and destructive. Geological activity on Mars could not be found, however, it is reliably known that significant geological events took place on the planet earlier.

The atmosphere of Mars consists of 96% carbon dioxide, 2.7% nitrogen and 1.6% argon. Oxygen and water vapor are in minimal quantities.

Days on Mars are similar in duration to those on Earth and are 24 hours and 37 minutes and 23 seconds. A year on the planet lasts twice as long as the earth - 687 days.

The planet has two satellites Phobos and Deimos. They are small and irregular in shape, resembling asteroids.

Sometimes Mars is also seen from Earth with the naked eye.

Gas giants

Jupiter

This planet is the largest in the solar system and has a diameter of 139,822 km, which is 19 times larger than the Earth. The day on Jupiter lasts 10 hours, and the year is approximately 12 Earth years. Jupiter consists mainly of xenon, argon and krypton. If he were 60 times more, he could have become a star due to spontaneous thermonuclear reaction.

The average temperature on the planet is -150 degrees Celsius. The atmosphere consists of hydrogen and helium. Oxygen and water on its surface is not. There is an assumption that there is ice in the atmosphere of Jupiter.

Jupiter has a huge number of satellites - 67. The largest of them are Io, Ganymede, Callisto and Europe. Ganymede is one of the largest satellites in the solar system. Its diameter is 2634 km, which roughly corresponds to the size of Mercury. In addition, a thick layer of ice is visible on its surface, under which water can be found. Callisto is considered the most ancient of the satellites, since it is precisely its surface that has the greatest number of craters.

Saturn

This planet is the second largest in the solar system. Its diameter is 116,464 km. It is most similar in composition to the sun. A year on this planet lasts quite a long time, almost 30 Earth years, and a day - 10.5 hours. The average temperature on the surface is -180 degrees.

Its atmosphere consists mainly of hydrogen and a small amount of helium. In its upper layers often occur thunderstorms and auroras.

Saturn is unique in that it has 65 satellites and several rings. Rings are made up of small particles of ice and stony formations. Ice dust perfectly reflects light, so the rings of Saturn are very clearly visible in a telescope. However, it is not the only planet that has a tiara, it is just less visible on other planets.

Uranus

Uranus is the third largest planet in the solar system and the seventh from the Sun. It has a diameter of 50,724 km. It is also called the "ice planet", since the temperature on its surface is -224 degrees. The day on Uranus lasts 17 hours, and the year is 84 Earth years. At the same time, summer lasts as long as winter - 42 years. Such a natural phenomenon is due to the fact that the axis of that planet is at an angle of 90 degrees to the orbit and it turns out that Uranus “lies on its side”.

Uranus has 27 satellites. The most famous of them are: Oberon, Titania, Ariel, Miranda, Umbriel.

Neptune

Neptune is the eighth planet from the Sun. In composition and size, it is similar to its neighbor Uranus. The diameter of this planet is 49,244 km. The day on Neptune lasts 16 hours, and the year is 164 Earth years. Neptune belongs to the ice giants and for a long time it was believed that no weather phenomena occurred on its icy surface. However, it has recently been established that on Neptune there are raging eddies and wind speed is the highest of the planets in the solar system. It reaches 700 km / h.

Neptune has 14 satellites, the most famous of which is Triton. It is known that he has his own atmosphere.

Neptune also has rings. This planet has 6 of them.

Interesting facts about the planets of the solar system

Compared with Jupiter, Mercury seems to be a point in the sky. These are actually proportions in the solar system:

Venus is often called the Morning and Evening Star, as it is the first of the stars visible in the sky with the beginning of the sunset and the last one disappears from view with the dawn.

An interesting fact about Mars is the fact that methane was found on it. Due to the rarefied atmosphere, it constantly evaporates, and this means that there is a constant source of this gas on the planet. Such a source could be living organisms inside the planet.

There is no change of seasons on Jupiter. The biggest mystery is the so-called “Big Red Spot”. Its origin on the surface of the planet is still not fully understood. Scientists suggest that it was formed by a huge hurricane, which has been rotating at a very high speed for several centuries.

An interesting fact is that Uranus, like many planets in the solar system, has its own system of rings. Due to the fact that the particles in their composition reflect light poorly, the rings could not be detected immediately after the discovery of the planet.

Neptune has a rich blue color, so it was named after the Roman god - the master of the seas. Because of its long-range location, this planet was discovered by one of the last. At the same time, its location was calculated mathematically, and over time it could be seen, and precisely in the calculated place.

Light from the Sun to the surface of our planet comes in 8 minutes.

The solar system, despite its long and careful study, still harbors many mysteries and mysteries that are yet to be revealed. One of the most fascinating hypotheses is the assumption of the presence of life on other planets, the search for which is actively continuing.