Church of St. Nicholas on the Three Mountains. Church of St. Nicholas on the Three Mountains Official Church of St. Nicholas on the Three Mountains

Resurrections in 1762-85 in the “Three Mountains” tract, behind the Trigirnaya outpost, near the settlement of New Vagankovo ​​on the site of the wooden temple of the same name (1695). Here in 1678 resettled the Tsar's dogs and buffoons, who had been in the settlement of Stara Vagankovo ​​(Kremlin area). There are several versions of the meaning of the word “vagankovo”: from “vagonit” - to amuse, to fry; "Vaganets" - a place for collecting a penny tax; vіd "vagan" ("important") - residents of the Vyazka region, resettled to Moscow. In 1860, a new meal and drink were introduced. Close to 1892 in St. Mikoli the Wonderworker and St. Dmitry of Rostov was brought forward from the refectory near the line from the head throne. In 1900-1902 Koshtom G.F. that N.F. Srebnyakovs to the old temple used to arrive new ones from the head altar in honor of the icon of the Mother of God “Life-Giving Dzherelo” (architect G.A. Kaiser). Listings in the middle of 1908.

In 1922, St. Vlad Viluchil was in the church. 12 poods of gold and silver embellishments and church stuff. Closed in 1929. There was a lot of excitement in building the head of the temple and the door to the first tier, in the refectory another row of windows was broken.

Until 1990, the Culture Booth was located near it, then it became deserted. In 1992 the Russian Orthodox Church was reversed. Restoration and restoration work has begun. The divine service was resumed in the year 2000.

This church was first guessed in 1683. near the settlement of Nove Vagankovo ​​on the Three Mountains, where, since the Moscow reorganization, buffoons were resettled, who initially lived in the settlement of Stare Vagankovo, opposite the Kremlin behind Neglinnaya. At 1695 r. They planned a new wooden church for the gathering, closer to the Moscow River. After the erection of the Kamer-Kolezhsky Val, the temple stood at the borders of Moscow, near the Trigirna Zastava. The stone tripartite church with a refectory and a church was built between 1762 and 1785. The head altar is the icon of the Mother of God “Life-Giving Dzherelo”, which arrived at the refectory of Saints Mikoli and Demetrius of Rostov. Following the old Moscow tradition, the temple continued to be called Mykilsky in official documents. Inspired by the classicism style, completed with a rotundal dome, side facades and small classical porticoes.

In 1860 r. There was a new meal and a new drink. Close to 1892 The arrivals were brought from the refectory to the gathering, at the line with the roof of the main temple. In 1900-1902 rr. A new head church was built, and G.F. donated money for its construction. that N.F. Serebryakov. The project will be an internal improvement created by the architect G.A. Kaiser. The consecration of the head altar in honor of the icon of the Mother of God “Life-Giving Dzherelo” took place on the 1st birthday of 1902. After the restoration of the marvelous five-tiered iconostasis, the icons were painted in gold, a new beginning and new vestments were created on the icons. 1908 r. the temple in the middle was painted.

The temple was closed near Sichna in 1930. The children's club named after Pavlik Morozov occupied a long hour of wake-up calls. The head of the temple and the jingle were broken down to the first tier. At the refectory they cut another one on top and pierced another row of windows. U 1990 r. Pavlik Morozov's children's club left the city, leaving the broken statue of a pioneer in the middle; I often collapsed. Born in 1991 The Mykilsky temple was turned over by communities of believers. The major reconstruction took about ten years. As a result, the temple received a look similar to the one after the last pre-revolutionary period of the 1900s. The divine service was renewed in 2001. Shrines to the temple: part of the relics of St. Nicholas, an icon of the Savior Not Made by Hands of the 16th century, brought from the temple of the Apostle Andrew the First-Called, where Maria Mironova gave it after the death of her son, the artist Andrey Mironov.

Mikhailo Vostrishev. Moscow is Orthodox. All churches and chapels

Zaraz Arbat Velyka Molchanivka divides the wide canvas of the New Arbat, and the stench appears distant from one another. And before, it was important that the streets ran in perfect order - every 200 meters from one to the other with quiet Arbat lanes, among which they were ruined Great and Little Molchanivkaі Dog Maidan From a quiet fountain.
In the 1920s, the Mikoli Church on Piski was extremely popular among the Arbat parishioners. Having accepted the decision about this ascension, the Moscow Rada sanctimoniously propounded the retranslations"a group of believers... to the church so called Mikoli on B. Molchanivtsi ra mill less than 1/4 km)" . The church “so called Mikola,” as it was already destined for destruction, was destroyed in 1934. Was called won "Church of St. Nicholas the Wonderworker on Kuryachi Nizhki". The name suggests that in these places, besides Povarskaya Sloboda, there were sovereign bird yards (however, there are other versions of this name). In 1635, the church appears in official documents as a living one, even though it was made of wood.

Church of Mykoli the Wonderworker on Kuryachy Nizhki, photo from the end of the 19th century

In 1681, the wooden church was disassembled and moved to Presnya, which was then moved, and the parish of the St. Michael's Church on Kuryachy Nizhki was given a Kamyan order to pay for the construction of the stone church. Also in 1681, the main church was built, in 1722 the side church of the Great Martyr Catherine arrived, in 1805 - a refectory and a banquet.
Following the current tradition of church life, the vigils of the clergy have become part of the tradition. In one of these budinkas, 1810 families settled in Sergiy Lvovich Pushkin, having moved here from Krivoarbatsky provulka. Vidomy Moskvoznavets Sergiy Romanyuk having revealed in the archives information about this forgotten fact. S.L. Pushkin bought a booth from the priest of the Mikoli Church on Kurikh Nizhkah dad Vasil Ivanov. A small wooden little building with a façade Borisoglibsky Provulok. The quiet, green, quiet place was already filled with families with small children. After all, the life of the Pushkins was darkened here by two terrible expenses: on the 12th of April 1810 she died Sofia, small sister Oleksandra, she was 1 year old and 8 months old, and died on the 27th birthday of the same age Pavlo.

Sergiy Lvovich Pushkin, father sings

This is the remaining Moscow booth, in which Alexander Pushkin alive as a child- In 1811, a rock star, from Borisoglibsky Provulk near Arbat, was sent to enroll in St. Petersburg, at the Lyceum. Ale Oleksandr Sergeyovich fell in love with this place and returned to Moscow as an adult, buying an apartment on Arbat. Muscovites have always respected Pushkin as a resident of Arbat The first biographers of the poet stated that he was born here.
The wooden booth of priest Ivanov was buried by the Moscow fire in 1812. Scenes from the fire, descriptions Lev Tovstim V "War and Peace", it was discovered just in these places, between Povarskaya and Arbat, that they turned into fire in the deep sea.
After the war, the church was revived, and with its special quietness it attracted Muscovites from all over the area.
At the beginning of the 20th century, at the rocks of wars and revolutions, many who raised this very temple, although in court there were no others. Oleksiy Tolstoy , having languished in 1915 - 1918, on Maliy Molchanivtsi, having also known well the Mikoli Church on Kuryachy Nizhki. Imovily, not casually, the heroine of the novel "Walking in agony" Katya and Dasha became paraphians of this very church. Adzhe in Starokonyushenny provulok, where his sisters settled in an old mansion in 1914, there was their own church - St. John the Baptist, and if we talk about St. Nicholas, then along the road from Starokonyushenny to Molchanivka and other St. Nicholas churches, closer . And yet, on Strasnoe, Tolstoy’s important heroines led the very church “Mikol on Chicken Legs, on Rzhevsky” (with respect to Rzhevsky Provulok, having passed instructions from the church). Here Katya, who worked as Dasha as a sister of mercy at the military infirmary, brought paskas for the wounded on Holy Day... Evidently, the writer thought that the special light of spirituality that had descended from this church, revealing the inner To the world of my heroines.

Oleksiy Tolstoy

Particularly as a result of the expansion of this church, Ivana Bunina. Before leaving for emigration, everyone came to this church to say goodbye to Russia.
Bunin wrote to his friend: “Yesterday, from Ushakova, we walked to the church on Molchanivtsi - “Mikola on Kur'i Nizhtsi.” The beauty of this whole island in the middle of a sea of ​​thinness and killing, the beauty of motives, words of wonder, the living gold of three-dimensional candles, plaintive vestments - all that wondrous thing nevertheless, the human soul created and how alive it is - just like that! - it impressed me so much that I cried - pathetically, bitterly and sweetly.
Immediately there Iz Vira was there. "Christ is Risen!" Haven't heard each other all night with such a feeling! It used to be cold earlier".
After 16 days Bunin having once again deprived Russia...

Ivan Bunin with his squad Vira Muromtseva

At this great service I. Bunin meeting at the church and other parishioner - A. Tolstoy. I can guess about this Bunin from various ruptures, which are characteristic of his schodennik records born in 1917 - 1918. The writer’s nerves were so strained during the revolutionary period, so many shocks had to be experienced, so many brothers-in-arms had fought - it seemed that the stench was too easy to bear for those who did not understand, did not understand the tragedy of the day, and shy away and say the wrong things. .. "In the bright morning, Tolstoy and his retinue. In their hands are ruble candles. How he has everything insured! It can’t be cheaper. “Count Paraffian”! Standing in awe of your straight brown hair. a-la man."
(I. Bunin. "Schodennik 1917 - 1918 r.." Recorded on May 4th (21st quarter) 1918 r.)

Church of Mikoli the Wonderworker on Kuryachi Nizhki in the 1920s

Nezabar, after they closed and destroyed the Mikoli Church on Piski, they also closed the Mikoli Church on Kuryachy Nizhki, where the Mikoli Peskov parish was “diligently” transferred. 1934 The church on Velikiy Molchanivtsi was rebuilt "for video-boots of budmaterials" . Later, a standard school was established in the place of the church.

Kut Velikiy Rzhevsky Provulka and Velikaya Molchanivka, photo from the 1960s Behind the huge church fence you can see a typical school building from the mid-1930s that showed up at the church site. Now it’s out of the way, sacrificing a piece of office everyday controversy.

As for the date of the day, thoughts differ - 1762 1763 rik tse buv. However, it is clear that it was small, and over the years it has repeatedly expanded and awakened.

The merchant dynasty of the Prokhorovs met a great fate at this monastery. For almost a hundred years, patrons and patrons of the arts have lost their stink. Before the speech, at the temple there was a first school for girls in the capital. Until 1900, she started having over 80 vyhovankas.

In 1860, families began to celebrate meals and dances. The new spores clearly disharmonized with the architecture of the main former church, so they were likely to remain. Although another version of the reason was the size of the local population. So, the architect Georgiy Kaiser took up the project in 1902 Mikoli Temple on the Three Mountains already before the consecrations.

The architectural composition turned out to be voluminous and even impressive. Here the smooth lines of the round apses and wing-like mosquitoes blend with the clear straight forms of the columns that decorate the facades. All the windows of the temple are circular and vitreous in the same size. The temple has 3 cibulin sections: two of them were built on its main structure, and the third ends with a wide additive dome. The tent consists of decorations with auditory ends and ends with a miraculous small dome.

The 1920s have rocks. Mikoli Temple on the Three Mountains buv looting (we got over 12 poods of gold and cut off some coins and various stuff), but lost our dignity. Let us note the following fact: one of the regents of the monastery at that time was Oleksandr Oleksandrov, the future author of the anthem of the USSR.

The temple was closed in 1928, and remained open for a few decades later. I would like to say it more correctly. The first Budynok of culture was located, then the Budynok of Pioneers. Pavlika Morozova.

The monastery was turned over to the Church in 1992; Regular services were resumed only in 2001, after many years of restoration. Today, a week-long school and a youth and human choir are held at the church.

The history of the parish of the Church of St. Nicholas on the Three Mountains began in the early 17th century. Along the entrance wall of the Kremlin, on the right birch of the Neglinka River, then the settlement of the servants of the Tsar's kennel order was expanded - establish, consistent with the justice of the court and the replacement of the Tsar's animals. Back in the 16th century, hounds - natives of Little Russia - introduced into the practice of preparing their own special preparations - vagani, which were made from the tree of the great bark. Over the years, the “dogs” themselves began to be called “vagans,” and their settlement took away the name Vagankovo. And in our time, a small district of Moscow behind the building complex of the Russian State Library is called Stare Vagankovo.

The hounds built their own temple, dedicated to St. Mykola Myra. The stormy days of the first half of the 17th century competed with the politics and economy of the Muscovite kingdom, and with the tastes and preferences of the court. The weakening of the interest of the greater powers of the state before the watering and the animals greatly stole the position of the canine order, and around 1637 the animals were expected to be relocated from the Kremlin, to the Three Gori tracts behind Presnya. The church parish moved there too. The settlement that was built took away the name of Nova Vagankovo, and in it a wooden church was erected in the name of St. Nicholas. In 1695, the thoughtful man Gavriil Derevnin, who is still alive in court, was completely revived.

At the end of the 17th century, Three Gori was a sparsely populated place with a rather sparse population, but in the first half of the 18th century the situation changed dramatically, as the area became a dacha settlement for possible Muscovites. These nobles soon became permanent residents of the area and were assigned to St. Michael's parish.

He allowed the first stone church on the site to be built, a wooden one was cut off from the grass in 1763. It was small, and in the future it expanded, adding lateral chandeliers - from the very beginning the lateral chandelier of St. Demetrius, Metropolitan of Rostov, and then, in 1785, by drawing into their names the icons of the Mother of God “Alive” nosne dzherelo.”

The “Golden Centenary” of St. Michael’s parish at New Vagankov began in the early years of the 19th century. Then, next to the temple on the birch of the Moskva River, the merchants Prokhorov and Rezanov built a cotton textile factory, which later became the famous Prokhorov Trigirna manufactory. The appearance of factory workers in the area radically changed the mindset of the merchants. More than a hundred years ago, until 1896, the Prokhorovs were church elders. Their activity lost its mark on the economic and church life of Moscow.

During the Great Patriotic War of 1812, the Three Mountains suffered from fire and plunder, and smaller areas of the city were occupied by fragments of the French army. The diplomatic actions of the founder of the dynasty, V.I., played a small role in preserving the area and these temples. Prokhorova and her eldest son did not leave the place.

After the cholera epidemic that swept through Moscow in 1848, “in honor of the Lord God for salvation”, the St. Michael’s Church was in full swing, increasing its area by two and a half times. The business was carried out inclusively for pennies collected by paraffians.

It is especially important to remember the rectors of the temple, who served with their friend for half of the 19th century. Although Archpriest Ruf Rzhanitsin and Priest Yevgen Uspensky, having changed him, did not deprive them of their theological principles and their names were not shown in encyclopedias and guides, they were prominent workers on them in the spiritual penetration of the people. To appreciate her work, it is worth noting that during the period of her abbotship, the St. Michael parish was the largest in Moscow. Evening and holy services were held daily, and on weekdays and holy days three liturgies were often served at the church.

The parish carried out active community and social activities. Thus, in 1861, at the church, an Opikunsky Council was created for the parafian poor, which collected information about the unhelpful parafians and brought to them “targeted assistance”, which otherwise would have brought professional marriages to the hands of the laboring corporation. . In addition, Father Rufus, having fallen asleep first in Moscow as a wife of a two-class parish school, gave the girls new knowledge and skills in the minds of the life of the great place, which was sharply complicated. At the beginning of the 1900s, this school began to have about 90 students.

The steadily growing number of parishioners yearned for another major overhaul to the temple. It began in 1900 on the basis of a project prepared by the famous architect G. Kaiser and approved by Emperor Mikola II himself. Koshti was seen as the homeland of Kopeikin-Serebryakov, the ruler of a great firm of separate trade. The general reconstruction was completely completed in 1908 (it is significant that the Kaiser’s project was completed during the renovation of the temple in 1991-2000).

Around 1905, the epicenter of which was the Presnya district, there was a significant change in the life and activity of St. Michael’s parish. The number of parishioners became unstable, and order in the area of ​​the temple was maintained by the workers of the Trigirny manufactory themselves. This situation was repeated in the rebellious year of 1917. It was remarkably calm on the Three Mountains during the hour of street fighting in the area. Melodiously, the fact that 90% of the income was made up of workers of the great enterprise explains and clearly ensured the safety of the temple during the hour of repression in 1918, which took the lives of over 3 thousand clergy in the Central th Russia.

Regardless of the deep throat of sovereign atheism, the idea of ​​closing the temple did not arise until the other half of the 1920s. Like all Moscow churches and monasteries, in the spring of 1922 they went through a campaign of expropriation of church values, spending over 12 poods of gold and ore. But spiritual life didn’t work out. Varto notes that in the 1920s, one of the regents of the temple was Alexander Vasilyovich Oleksandrov, the author of the anthem of the USSR and the founder of the Song and Dance Ensemble of the Radian Army. In Russian spiritual music itself there are threads of the laborious, hostile sound of the work of this non-abiding musician.

The Church of St. Nicholas on the Three Mountains was closed, regardless of the number of believers, in 1930. The share of these clerics has not been precisely established, but it is not excluded that most of them perished in various repressions. The building was rebuilt and vikorized as a cultural building named after Pavlik Morozov.

The decision to restore the former Church was praised by Mosrada in 1990. Reconstruction and reconstruction were carried out from 1991 to 2000. Regular services were renewed in 2001. Since 2009, singers of the Moscow Synodal Choir have been singing at the church under the choir of the Honored Artist of Russia Oleksiy Puzakov.