Biography of Russian Beruna.

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Al-Beruni is a great scholar of Khorezm, the author of numerical capital works in history, geography, philology, astronomy, mathematics, geodesy, mineralogy, pharmacology, geology, etc.

cola of the Earth.

Biography
Beruni can be called a triumphant of middle-century science right away.

American historian J. Sarton said this about the renowned encyclopedist scientist: “The history of astronomy and mathematics, astrology and geography, anthropology and ethnography and philosophy, archeology and philosophy, botany and mineralogy I would have been orphaned without my great name."

The results of Beruni’s achievement in all the listed areas were lost for several hundred years.

Beruni also accurately determined the radius of the Earth (over 6000 km), based on the discovery of its spherical shape.

Biruns adopted and developed the progressive ideas of ancient Greek and Indian philosophers from various hidden problems of astronomy: confirming, however, the fiery nature of the Sun and the Star, to be replaced by dark bodies - planets;

the fragility of the stars and their great dimensions are against the Earth;

In 1017, after the conquest of Khorezm by Sultan Mahmud of Ghazni, he lived near Ghazni at the court of Sultan Mahmud and his attackers Masud and Maudud, having taken part in Mahmud’s campaigns to India, having lived for a few years.

The “Ghazni” period became the most prominent in the creativity of al-Biruni.

Works on the way to India eventually resulted in the writing of the fundamental work “Explaining the essential Indians at the beginning, acceptable to the mind or thrown out” (“India”, completed 1030).

After the death of Sultan Mahmud, the throne was taken by his son Masud, who generously bestowed his favors on al-Biruni.

Beruni said about Masud: “He gave me the opportunity to completely devote the surplus of life to the servant of science, allowing me to live under the cover of his ability...”.

The church of al-Beruni wrote his main work - “The Canon of Masud with Astronomy and the Star”, which gives a description of the hidden picture of the world.

As a pre-investigator, al-Beruni spoke about the need for a thorough re-verification of knowledge with evidence: if you doubt what will happen during the course of the investigation, “they could understand... they could prove it and re-test it.”

The experimental knowledge of al-Biruni was contrasted with the scourge.

How I was inspired to put Aristotle’s cosmic system under doubt. (973-1048) - In old age, having spent the zir, but until the rest of his life, he took into account the basic “mechanism” of continued life., His body was given to the earth in 1048 in Ghazni.і Nina's name is included on the Month map..

Abu Reyhan Muhammad ibn Ahmed Al-Biruni great Central Asian encyclopedist

sings philosopher Al-Bruni- - A unique manifestation of human genius, having completely destroyed all the sciences of its time, whose interests were drawn to astronomy and geography, mathematics and physics, chemistry and botany, geodesy and pharmacology, geology and mineralogy, history and ethnography, philosophy and philology. Biruni

born on the 4th of Wednesday 973 in the city of Peredmist Kyat capital of Khorezm . We don’t know anything about his father; they tend to respect him because he was an orphan.

The first years of life of the little ones with the adopted family of the Khorezmshah Mamuna, where on yogo zdіbnost having shown respect for that hour Abu Nasr Mansur ibn Ali ibn Iraq.

, so they took it upon themselves to read the boy. Al-Bruni It is in our minds to connect academic love to the natural sciences, focusing primarily on mathematics and astronomy. Having received comprehensive home lighting, the youngsters began to take independent precautions and routines, and already had 995 children The first globe in Central Asia , which made it possible to determine the geographical coordinates of settlements with an accuracy unprecedented at that time., We also began to design various astronomical instruments and easily determine the coordinates of various places, Khorezm e.

However, for sure sings buv conquests Emir of Gurganj and the capital was moved to Tudi. The young man has lost his place and made a number of trips, with the method of increasing knowledge, to such».

science center yak Bukhara Baghdad Other places in Afghanistan and Khorasan Turning 1004’s faces to Fatherlandism, comes to Gurganj, ., There, they are already counting on him at the court, and he surrounds the seat of the vizier (radnik), who stands in front of whose newly created "; Mamun Academy; Truly, door of the Khorezmshahs

from that period at his Academy for the purpose of narrowing down the great names: encyclopedia Al-Biruniy, and the whole color of science and confusion will move to your capital. Ghazna. At court Ghaznavids Beruni having lived to a late age, taking a fate in the Sultan’s campaigns Mahmud to India

, and got lost there for any hour.

In India itself, he has recently completed his work on the various dimensions of the earth’s core, having collected the widest possible material on the history, geography, philosophy and ethnography of this region. Dying al-Biruni

at Svidomosti.

Having said farewell to friends, he began rapping about the rest:

Tell me, what did you tell me about the methods of collecting unjust profits?

So how can you think about something like this?

- I was incredibly surprised by that one. Eh, believe me, from life you know the evidence on this food, richly better than death from the unknown.

Let’s go on with our lives, without giving the rest of our lives peace. Al-Biruni having deprived the land of even a great scientific decline.

This pen has close to 150 scientific works that will cover 10 areas of knowledge. So the very first fundamental truth - “, Chronology and monuments of past generations, "(1000), is dedicated to the description of all known prehistoric calendars, as well as to the presentation of a chronological table of epochs, starting with the biblical patriarchs., Not less popular robot India

or Book to take revenge on the Indians for the last time, pleasant thoughts and gifts", in which he gives a detailed description of the life, religion, culture and science of the Indians. Dosi current: "» - Mineralogy.

a book of knowledge for the knowledge of costs "ta"і Pharmacognosy:

- « book about the warehouse of liks Of course, most of the scientific work is devoted to favorite subjects. astronomy mathematicians

- « Canon of Maasud", written for sin Sultan Mahmud of Ghazni And having included 11 volumes, which range from mathematics, astronomy, astrology, history and ethnography of various nations, commentaries to scientific practices from the middle ages and much more.

- About the significance of the chords in the stake for the additional one inscribed in the new line« » - the robot that is looking at the row Archimedes' theorem

sings, which were not saved in the first shot.

The name of Al Biruni means “people from the frontier”, which seems to be a simple move, taking such a name to distinguish the ignorant to the nobility.

The birth of al-Biruni is dividing between searches a piece of bread and knowledge.

Numerous people from Kyat's travels generously shared their knowledge with him.

And then he himself removed the knowledge from books and folk wisdom - we sing, legends, and listen.

It was all about him: chemistry, astronomy, physics, mathematics, botany, geography, geology, mineralogy, history, philology, names of different peoples, philosophy.

This year I wanted to get a glimpse of the people I had read and felt about.

For whose sake did I hire myself to become a caravan driver?

And how lucky it was that one of the roads brought young Birunya together with the eminent scientist Ibn Iraq.

The Khorezmshah's cousin, Emir Abu Nasr Mansur ibn Iraq, became Al Biruni's mentor, and he became deeply respected by her distinguished scholar.

Along with this, the work is dedicated to the history of culture and literature of various peoples.

After this book, Birunya became known far beyond the borders of Gurgan.

Here he wrote a treatise on the initiation of astrological transfers and other works.

Having tried to change the degree of the earth's meridian, but without material support, it was possible to achieve his plan.

The inconsistencies began after they decided to occupy the high seat of the vizier, and decided to take up the sciences,

Birun expressed an honest proposal, and this was his hundredth century with the ruler.

Moreover, Birun’s approach was influenced by his partisan political views and scientific position, and in many ways they diverged from the dogmas of official Islam.

He was called an apostate, a heretic, and a devil.

Mamun Academy

1004 years later, having accepted the request of the new Khorezmshah Mamun II and settled in his capital - Urgench.

The stench poured out from the white walls in the place of the fall of the bag from the bottom and for more than a little time it clogged and twisted a finger.

The Zabobonny Sultan did not dare to squander the people whom Allah himself gave life to.

The difficult minds of Al Birun continued to chew on scientific research, although over his head for 13 years, the stormy gloom of the ruler’s wrath and the approaching intrigues of the courtiers more than once gathered over his head.

This very period of events has created its basic functions.

A dozen times, asking for permission to introduce Fatherlandism.

Ale Sultan was afraid that Birun would rise against him, and immediately realized.

In the end, he succeeded in reconquering the northern regions of India, conquered by Mahmud, where the Khorezmians had been peacefully settled together.

Aje stench was full of it.

Indian period

BIRUNI (BERUNI, AL-BIRUNI) ABU REYKHAN MUHAMMED IBN AHMED AL-BIRUNI

(973 rub. - 1048 rub.)

“True courage lies in the fight against nonsense until death (this is reflected in our actions), in the fight against nonsense.

Only those who resist lies and seek the truth should trust and bring praise to the minds of the liars...”

With success, we can say that already in seventeen years Biruni was engaged in serious scientific activity - 990 years ago, having calculated the latitude, where is the place of Kyat.

Until 995 years, when the young scientist turned 22 years old, he was the author of a great number of scientific works.

From them, “Cartography” has come to this day, in such a young age, considering the methods of projecting an image of the surface of the earth’s core onto a plane.

Once upon a time in Khorezm it was accepted well.

Gurganj, the new capital of Khorezm, was ruled initially by Ali ibn Mamun, and then by his brother Abu Abbas Mamun.

1030 Mahmud died, and power passed to his son Masud.

It seems that the new ruler appointed to Birun is richer than his father.

There is plenty to say about those who have lost the opportunity to greatly increase in price.

What is characteristic is that one of his most famous astronomical works is “Masuda’s Canon on Astronomy and Stars,” Biruni named after his new patron.

One of the first great ancestors, Biruni, wrote approximately 1000 books.

This is already known as “Chronology” (“Monuments that have been lost in past generations”).

This book of teachings refers to an earlier work – “The Astrolabe” (“The Book of Possible Ways to Design an Astrolabe”).

Close to 1021 Biruni compiled the fundamental work “Tіni” (“Book about the strengthening of everything said about the nutrition about the shadows”).

It is known that the famous Arabic scholars studied and systematized the results of research of other scientists, and carried out scientific research and developed scientific theories.

Birun-the follower carefully positioned himself until the results were obtained and called to his colleagues.

The axis of this word, which can generally be the motto of modern scientists: “Be careful to be respectful, carefully review the results of your work, check yourself again.”

In their books, Birun paid respect to astrology.

Ale, as to show a lot of quotes from his work, I am even skeptical about this “science”.

Obviously, he took up astrology because of the interests of his patrons.

“Once I saw a certain person who respected himself as famous and eternal in the mystique of transferring stars,” wrote Birun.

“A few of us want to take away the results of what the eyes indicate, but we strongly believe, behind our ignorance, that our luminaries have been chosen and that their relationship has revealed that the results will flow into the people and the marriage.”

Al-Biruna's works are dedicated to mathematics, astronomy, physics, botany, geography, geology, mineralogy, ethnography, history and chronology.

In the “Chronology of Ancient Peoples” (1000 rubles), Birun gave a detailed description of the calendar systems of the Arabs, Persians, Jews, Greeks, etc.

What to do with the popular form is a summary of the fundamentals of mathematics and astronomy

First, at the Middle Gathering of Birun, he came up with a thought about the possibility of the Earth’s movement near the Sun and along its axis, marking the end of the Earth’s stake.

Having succeeded in obtaining precise astronomical and geodetic figures, Al-Birun established the edge of the ecliptic to the equator and the historical passage of his change, describing the change of the month during the monthly eclipses and the sun well, a crown for sleepyheads.

Al-Birun, however, affirmed the fiery nature of the Sun and the stars, in favor of the dark bodies - the planets, the crumbling of the stars and their majesty against the Earth's dimensions, defining the idea of ​​the origin of gravitational forces.