Specifics of children's acceptance of book illustrations. Peculiarities of children's acceptance of book illustrations. Need help with learning those

Pedagogical article "Illustrators of children's books"

Children's acquaintance with the artists and illustrators of children's books allows for moral and aesthetic inspiration, and promotes the emotional development of children.

First of all, the little ones in the book are one of the first creations of imaginative mystique, with which a child develops from early childhood, and special activities with awareness of book graphics help develop children’s interest in books, and increase their interest in books. It is placed before her as before the creation of mysticism.

On the other hand, highly artistic illustrations instill a sense of artistic relish in children, help the child learn, grasp and appreciate artistic abilities, which are not always the case in children’s creations. Inya. Color, rhythm, composition, line, texture and other concepts in illustrations for children are more understandable and accessible.

Thirdly, this topic provides a great opportunity for the development of children’s education: the formation of descriptive statements, the characteristics of various emotional states, and the enrichment of vocabulary.

Finally, working with a book allows you to play special games that help to activate all mental cognitive processes: memory, mentality, respect, and understanding of one’s development.

Finally, familiarity with the creative style of artists and illustrators stimulates the desire of small children and makes it possible to improve their creative skills.

In six cases, the colorful illustration brings the joy of sprinkling, and is conducive to the emotional development of children.

The preschool education program recommends introducing children to the illustrations of artists - kaskari, artists "fun books" , with animal artists, with folklorists. The number of names of artists and illustrators is very wide and it can only be mastered through complex work, including familiarization with book graphics in a variety of ways, and engaging in various activities while using books.

Program “Hello, museum!” , Collected by the State Russian Museum recommends that in a young group get to know the work of: Y. Vasnetsova, E. Rachova, K. Ovchinnikova.

The middle group with creativity: V. Lebedeva, E. Charushina, V. Suteeva.

The senior group has creativity: V. Konashevich, I. Bilibina, A. Benois.

The preparatory group with creativity: A. Pakhomova, L. Kochergina and other artists to choose from as a teacher, for example: T. Mavrina, V. Chizhikova.

How these activities went and what opportunities represent knowledge of the work of this or that artist - illustrator, I will try to highlight at once, focusing on the authoritative evidence of working with children directly.

Before you start exploring the topic, it is important to select the necessary material for the work. This is information about the life and creativity of the artist, his portrait, books with illustrations, preparing games, organizing early readings of works in a group at home.

I am starting to introduce the children of the younger group to the work of Yu. A. Vasnetsov. The Kazakh world, the representations in Vasnetsov’s illustrations, is so bright and unique that children are happy to be immersed in it, they feel comfortable in this world, everything is understandable and accessible to them. News about the artist, whose childhood is well superimposed on the knowledge of children about the Vyatka region, rich in unique toys.

And the book is marvelous, re-read in 1994. / Moscow "Panorama" / non-standard format 55×43 cm to rob the pershu zustrich of the holy saint. The book itself comes at first hand: “Illustrations by Yu. A. Vasnetsov before the folk game nursery rhyme “The Magpie - White-sided” . At the collection "For preschoolers about the artists of children's books" / s dosvidu roboti/M. "Osvita" , 1991 r. / It describes how to borrow from the creativity of Yu. Vasnetsov, materials that can be used in work. However, during creative activities, it is important to call out to children about the importance of baby. Because at the first lesson we talked to the children, looked at this marvelous book and manipulated the artist’s creativity, then the next lessons are closely connected with the sophistication of the children and their creativity.

Another part of the artist is dedicated to illustrations before the fairy tale "Three Bears" . In this activity, one can already see the peculiarities of Vasnetsov’s creative style: the similarity of the heroes to both toys and real animals. We call the details of its clothing, the peculiarities of the shed, its decoration. It’s important to show respect for the color and rhythm (Alternating great duties with other ones) help to understand the mood of the characters: the girl’s fear, the witch’s teasing, which is growing. I express my respect for the way the artist depicted the witches, their pose, mood, shape of body parts. I propose to paint the bear that I have been honored with, from the tale, or to invent my own. Children talk about what kind of witch they will paint, and in the long run, in the form of creative beginners, they paint a stately witch, or in Russia, with a much higher level, they add details to the little ones.

In the middle and older groups, it is easy to evaluate the following:

- “The colorful cats of Yu. Vasnetsov”

- “Kazkov’s little houses in the illustrations of Yu. Vasnetsov”

Before learning about cats, you need to select illustrations with different cats, kittens and kittens. Their magnitude is great and all the stench is different in color, character, and appearance, depicted in different situations.

Tse i Kit – Kolobrod, kit Mitroshka, kit Vaska, cats – cats with black tails, Rudy kit, kit – shvachka, kit – moroshnik, etc.

Eye-catching illustrations of cats, indicating the peculiarity of the image of cats: what they look like when they are tired. And Vasnetsov dresses his cats in one thing: either a shirt or pants. It often sounds at the felt and in the chobitki. And they all love to tie bows around their necks.

A skinny cat has its own mood and its own character. It is trying to convey the pose in which this other whale is depicted, its character, its manner of collapsing. Little ones can guess nursery rhymes, fairy tales, and cats chattering. Then we can see our cats of different colors in different situations, and children pass on these images to their babies. What kind of activities do you play in such games as "Kit and Mishi" , "Misholovka" and other crazy games.

Yu. Vasnetsov’s everyday little ones are perfect because the artist creates his own little little little house for every hero, absolutely unique, with chimerical small little things. A look at the illustrations with little bells follows the form of a game - a riddle: Who's alive in the middle of nowhere? . Look at the little wake-up call and immediately say who is your ruler:

• The goat and her kids have a small, simple hut made of wood, made of hemp, covered with wooden bark
• The bunny has a very welcoming little booth, decorated with ribbed strips
• The heroes have potishkas, Matrioshkas - little houses with carved shutters, decorated with pyramids, with a fireworks
• The bunny with the toad has a horned mansion, the lower one is shaky
• a dog, a cat, a cat or a chicken has an unusual mansion made of straw, similar to the fluff of a hat

The three witches have a great ceremonial booth from thick decks, in honor of their rulers.

And so all the heroes of Yu. Vasnetsov settle in their lives, and they feel like a miracle. And the Vasnetsov trees, grasses, and flowers are growing in order. Birds, snowstorms, and grandmothers fly in the warm wind. Whole world, bright and kind.

Children should already imagine their fairy tale little boxes for various characters. You can organize a collective work, if a couple paints babies - one paints a little house, and the other paints a landscape. The box is then stamped and glued to the edge.

Vasnetsov’s illustrations give the opportunity to talk about the richness of color in the background. The artist uses bright, colorful, Christmas colors with immaculate colors. Please take care to separate the shades with children. You can choose tales illustrated by Vasnetsov and other artists. U gri "Guess the Artist" Children are guilty of learning about Vasnetsov’s illustrations among others. For example, є "Three Bears" artist Ustinov, and "Masha and the Vedmid" artists Losina and Rachova.

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RUSSIAN MINISTRY OF EDUCAMENT AND SCIENCE

Federal state budgetary lighting regulations

Higher professional education

"Povolzhskaya State Social and Humanitarian Academy"

Faculty of Cob Lighting

Department of Preschool Education

Current foreign literature for preschool children reading

Abstract on the topic:

“Illustration in a book for children”

Vikonav:

Rizhkina L.V. (5 gr.)

Scientific quarry:

Art. vikladach

Gurova I.V.

Samara, 2015

Enter

1. Book illustration as a type of creative art and connections with literary text

2. Features of the interpretation and infusion of illustrations into children’s understanding of the literary text of the book

3. Infusing illustrations into children’s understanding of the literary text of the book

Visnovok

List of references

Enter

Illustration, as a kind of mysticism, is closely connected with the book. The fact that they are similar to the text is one of the indicators of aesthetic sympathy in children. Graphic images make it possible to understand and understand the place of the top, the story and the story. It’s not uncommon for children to pick up books with illustrations and try to “read” with help. In connection with this, we should highly appreciate the significant illustrations in the children's book, fragments of images created by a good artist - illustrator - and these are beautiful reflections of original creativity, and materials for writing on to the fullest world. Surprisingly, children can derive satisfaction from the artist’s creative writings, and at the same time come from them to a new world of living images, guesses, which gives scope to creativity.

Several generations of artists dedicated their entire lives to this noble cause, illustrated books that became standards that more than one generation followed: E. D. Polenova, I. Y. Bilibina, T. Mavrina, E. M. Rachov, G. M. Narbut, A. Pakhomov, V. V. Lebedev, V. M. Konashevich, E. N. Charushin and in.

Today, unfortunately, a child’s book is no longer seen as a commodity, where in many recent publications, illustrations have begun to be replaced by graphics, little ones, which do not suit the aesthetic development of children, and give rise to ill health, which does not match yours. I can design it. In such a manner relevance dressed those There is no doubt about it, since the selection of illustrations will require a serious and thoughtful approach.

The problem of book graphics and illustration of children's stories is widely illuminated in the scientific research and methodological handbooks of V. A. Ezikeeva, R. I. Zhukovskaya, N.A. Kurochkina, E. A. Flerinoi, V. Ya. Kionovoi, I. O. Kotova, T. A. Repina, N.S. Karpinsky, R. I. Chudnoviy ta in).

Other aspects of illustrating a children's book can be seen in the articles: E. Kazunina, A. A. Oleksandrova, S. G. Antonova, O. V. Koritova. Scientific works of B. G. Ananyev, L. S. Vigotsky, M. N. Skatkin, V. V. Kraevsky and in. to the knowledge of becoming a subject of his own activity.

At its core, there is a wealth of evidence that illuminates the nutrition of artistic material in general, or to talk about all aspects of a children’s book. With the introduction of new information technologies, book references require a deep analysis of them in current theory and practice in various fields of reference and editing.

Aboutb'ektominvestigation aspects of the illustration of a children's book appeared, and subjectinvestigation became criteria for the significance of cognitive illustration as a function of aesthetic influence on children. Purpose abstract - Reveal the level of infusion of book illustration into children’s choice of books and emphasize the importance of illustration in children’s books. The robot has set goals zavdannyafollow-up:

look at the interconnections between book illustrations as a form of creative art with literary text;

To characterize the peculiarities of the influence and infusion of book illustrations into children’s understanding of the artistic concept of the text;

The role and significance of the illustration of a children's book is significant.

The practical significance of the study lies in the fact that the development of theoretical and methodological principles creates the basis for thorough work with preschool children, revealing a new complex of understanding the synthesis of book illustrations and literature them texts with the method of aesthetic development of young readers.

1. Book illustration as a type of creative art and connections with literary text

The history of children's book illustration is short - there are nearly three centuries. However, in that hour there was a wide range of cheap book versions of folk tales, primers, and luxurious books created especially for children, so that children’s book illustrations became an independent form of mystique.

Book graphics - illustration (from the Latin. Illustrare - to clarify) - these are little things that figuratively explain a literary text and at the same time decorate the book, rich in decorative style. The peculiarity of illustration as a genre of figurative mysticism is that its figurative mode follows the given literary outline and the subordination of the song’s task - illumination and explanation of the text. As a matter of precision, the illustration remains closely related to the ideological-shaped structure of the literary work.

Book illustration is a synthesis of all the elements of the book, and most importantly - the text of the literary work itself, its plot and style. In fact, the artistic illustration always closely matches the text of the book, becoming an inseparable unity from it.

Selecting illustrations is an important moment in preparation before work. Both writers and artists are unanimous about the consistency of text and illustration in children's books. In his book “From two to five” K.I. Chukovsky, having already precisely formulated the commandments that the children of the cob are responsible for, sings: “... our responsibilities are graphic, then in the skin stanza, and sometimes in the skin double, the mother is guilty. This is for the artist, because absolute imagery rules the minds of young children. "Verses that fight without fuss waste perhaps half of their effectiveness."

Picking up the little ones, remembering that it’s not a bad idea to explain the text, but also to activate the imagination, and to reveal an aesthetic relish. It is important that as children age, their approach to looking at a book changes, where they may develop ideas as an intellectual game with images created using the specific techniques of book graphics. And here it is very important for teachers, trainers and fathers to understand the types of illustrations, so that practical work with children follows professional approaches, to go beyond the mystique of book graphics. Illustrations can especially be called the nature of their connection with the literary text.

Povidalnye- exactly reveal the place in the rich series. These can be portraits, subject-related or situational illustrations, illustrations of action, psychological ones, which give characteristics of the heroes through their interactions, actions, gestures, facial expressions.

Metaphorical- the author’s profound thoughts in a symbolic form that poignantly expresses the sense of all creation or every part. The stench calls to virtuously adjust the reader. These illustrations are always closely connected with the adjacent text, following not the plot, but the associative line. Among them you can see the following types of illustrations:

a) the mood I will become - their infusion is emotional, similar to music; Such illustrations often reach their peak;

b) alegorical - to tales, tales, epics that convey the author’s allegorical thoughts either allegorically or specifically;

c) synthetic - illustrations, which are a representation of different and different-spatial moments of one composition or another.

All types of illustrations of no more than one type can be combined and intertwined, which creates greater openness to the literary space, promoting its artistic and figurative expression.

In a children's book, illustration has the main functions - cognitive, spiritual, which complements the aesthetic functions. Yak stverdzhu N.A. Kurochkina: “Illustration is a little thing that figuratively reveals the literary text, subordinates the place, the style of the literary work, instantly embellishes the book, richly decorative.” The little ones help the child to visibly recognize the heroes and the atmosphere of the story. This is especially important in historical works, in works dedicated to the past or foreign life. The illustration conveys the dress, the appearance, the appearance of the place and the village, introducing the child into a vivid image of the world described in the book. Didactic manuals by Kurochkina N.A. - the method of teaching preschool children of different age groups with book graphics as a type of creative art is thoroughly developed, as well as the method of diagnosing children’s addiction to book illustrations ii. An effective system of pedagogical work includes significant practical activities, games, games-dramatization, etc., which makes it possible not only to follow the dynamics of the development of reading comprehension, but also to move from one level to another. fall on the other one - the higher one.

In this way, book illustration, as a special type of imaginative mystique, even flows into the formation of a sensitive acceptance of the world, developing an aesthetic sensitivity in the child. Illustrative material as basic information for children is very important. Its clarity helps young readers memorize information and develop additional associations with the material. This is the main principle of the method of recognition, opening the text from different sides, its addition and co-authorship with it.

2. Peculiarities of treatmentpreschoolers book illustrations

In order to properly carry out pedagogical work with children’s awareness of book graphics as a product of mysticism, following the facts about how illustration contributes to children’s understanding of the literary text of the book and the peculiarities of its understanding from several different centuries-old groups of book graphics.

Literary works and illustrations are accepted by children as a whole (R.I. Zhukovska, V.A. Ezikeeva, R.I. Chudnova et al.) Only on the basis of the mutual interaction of visual communication, possible understanding I will replace all the books.

The role of illustration in ordinary text in the early stages of a child’s development is not only important, but also clearly subordinate to what is expected in older children. For a small child, the baby does not have a purely illustrative function, but plays the role of the main material, for which it is often impossible to understand the artistic work. The words to the text are indicative of the situation and the surroundings, so you have to visually follow the text step by step, looking at the accompanying picture. At this stage, the development of the babies represents the child's activity itself, which cannot be replaced by a verbal description. Once the words to the text begin to flow into the child, necessary associations without the help of a scientific basis. Older children begin to understand the plot of the tale and the awkward explanation without the help of illustrations. Proceeding from the understanding of the complex landscape - the creation of internal sensations, the survivable significance of the family heroes, the moral significance of their behavior - creates great difficulties for the child. In these difficult situations, illustration again begins to play an important role: in order to understand the important points of the text, the child can refuse the ability to go back to the actual image and go through the same situation, between the characters, In some, their inner space will be revealed more clearly.

Speaking about illustration, it is also important to note that its availability to preschool children is due to its ability to cope with children from low aspects. And itself, it is characterized by specificity, objectivity of the little one, emotionality of the image, which is achieved by color, dynamics, formwork, simple spacious everyday composition, and its integrity and clarity, in addition the video is illustrated by the most important one. Today, unfortunately, children can increasingly see images of monsters, monsters and other negative characters, which is due to the influx of modern animation and computerized book graphics. The efforts of publishers, directors and the release of books and multimedia products are recognized on their basis and artistic value. All this infuses the fragile emotional and aesthetic understanding of artistic images by children, which contributes to their manifestations about the hero.

Nowadays, the current mystique and book graphics are increasingly criticized. Why do all the illustrations have a negative impact on the aesthetic development of preschool children? Based on nutritional values, you can carefully analyze the artistic value of current illustrations.

Insanely, the current book graph has miracles, like miracles on the side of artistic and aesthetic value and accessibility for preschool children. A lot of books have now appeared for decoration, which are made from various materials (fabrics, soft plastic, thick cardboard, etc.). And books that are developed, which, in addition to their direct purpose, serve as a child’s toy that activates various mental processes.

If you marvel at the style of some modern illustrations, you can see in them elements inspired by the classics. At whose conclusion it would be rightly affirmed that the daily illustration, for all its novelties, preserves the tradition of artistic-imaginative upbringing of book graphics of bygone eras and, therefore, it is developing. It is becoming more and more popular not in vain, but on the basis of advances. As a result, the problem of preschool children’s acceptance of illustrations is eliminated. Remnants of maturity give respect to the process of reading and looking at illustrations of signs (visual characteristics of images), but few people turn to the point of moral and aesthetic side of the creative work. Apparently, illustration ceases to be a child’s guide to the development of an artistic idea. And here the blame falls on the grown-ups who analyze the creation of book graphics. Most often, educators and teachers cannot work, and the fragments of the stench are most often removed from children and create paintings. If this is what is shown, then it follows the diagram: what is shown; as it looks; Why bother the heroes? Let's not talk about the artistic side. This functional disconnection of the illustrative influences the work of children. The smells do not reveal the plot of the work, the characters are depicted in one way, which does not allow us to talk about the integrity of the image. In his article “The infusion of daily book illustrations into the aesthetic development of preschool children” E. Kazunina means that the coldness and intense detail of computer graphics awaken in children not the greatest urges that are formed not in preschool age, but much earlier. Therefore, in order to achieve such a result of the aesthetic development of preschool children, it is necessary to thoughtfully approach the choice of books and their design, since, in addition, which book will first reach the child’s hands and what illustrations will be in it, lie away from the development of the peculiarities of preschoolers Elnyka.

3. Infusing illustrations into children’s understanding of the literary text of the book

Based on the psychological characteristics of young schoolchildren, the book is always illustrated, and therefore it is impossible to read it without understanding the specifics of the illustration, without knowing its main functions and the possibility of influencing young readers.

Research conducted by V. A. Ezikeeva confirms that artistic illustration has already been integrated into children’s understanding of the text throughout preschool. This influx is most evident in young preschool children. Next, the growing role of the text itself will change, as evidenced by the significant changes in the child’s related signaling systems.

The illustration begins the process of choosing a child to read. She understands the reasonableness of the literary text, forms statements about its theme, idea, characters, and makes an assessment of the character and heroes of the literary work. The illustration helps children enter the literary world, understand it, get to know and make friends with the characters that inhabit it, and fall in love with them. The fragments of life evidence of the child are not large and it is difficult for you to create in your knowledge that the writer recognizes. You need to learn, believe. This is where the artist comes into the book. The artist comes to the child, if she can’t speak yet, and, next to the fathers, with the author of the children’s book, becomes the first teacher and teacher. It creates in children a love for beauty, a high aesthetic sense, an artistic relish. E. A. Flerina wrote that the picture is especially for children of the young century with important pedagogical material, re-edited and hosted, so to speak, for the sake of its real visibility.

Illustrations, de mitsi vikorista use intellectual techniques, enhance the form and rudely destroy the composition of the little one. Then the children throw them out and express dissatisfaction (“it’s not nice,” “it’s not appropriate,” “it’s filthy,” “I don’t like pictures like that,” etc.). The artist and illustrator is obliged to communicate with children in a simple, clear, broad manner. Such illustrations arouse interest, children show important recognition, describe the image in the image. Illustrations in books about animals are especially loved by children; they give preference to little ones from images of animals, which convey a new similarity (“like helpers”, “true”, “kudlati”).

Direct respect for the expressiveness of the images depicted, images of people, creatures, the wealth of characteristic details, the colorful side of the art of mystique makes it possible to bring children to an elementary level of appreciation of them. The evaluative attitude in children is now evident in the preference of some works over others: often children ask to see how many times they have learned and remembered; One becomes in love with one's creations, one develops a sense of joy and enjoyment from looking at them. The book's illustration allows you to bring children to a deeper understanding of the text. A great role in this is played by the teacher’s nutrition, as they establish connections between the place of the picture and the listened text.

Thus, the task of the illustrator in the most expressive way lies in conveying the ideological and figurative-aesthetic place of one type of literature (literature) by the ways and techniques of another (graphics). The great role of book illustration plays in the development of the ideological and artistic originality of literary creation, meaning the text. Since the illustrator in a children's book acts as the creator and author of a written book, he not only reflects the light of literary creativity in his little ones, but also gives an interpretation, an intelligent interpretation, and his own understanding Nya go and look.

Regardless of the fact that illustrations play a great role in the creative and intelligent artistic creation of children, in the opinion of N.S. Karpinskaya, let’s face it, it’s still an artistic text. The text reveals the place of creation in every relationship and recurrence, showing the development of the story, the increase in tension, the changes that occur in connection with the development of the plot. The illustration depicts the scenes of the episodes, portraits of heroes, the setting, and pictures of nature. However, with detailed illustrations, the initial images do not completely replace the artistic text. Children are constantly aware of the story of the work, the lives and experiences of the heroes, even after reading it.

Illustrations help the reader to better understand the text that is being read, but they can be misleading if they are not shown immediately. In class, before learning about a new book, read the text completely to the children, and then look at the illustrations at once. It is important that the illustration follows the word, and not as an afterthought; Otherwise, a clear picture may be desired by children on the table, so that they will be able to detect their thoughts, and the visual image will not be associated with the word, so that children will not “smell” the words, so they will not be stuck with what they have learned. . The culprit is the barvy cover of the book, which arouses natural interest.

And, I guess, the remaining goal is to illustrate my literary work. Language is the most important and expressive language. Language illustrations are the essence of image-creative mystery. Therefore, it is so important to teach your child to understand my art, the similarity between the style of (my) illustration and the style of (my) literary creation.

With all of this said, one can easily realize that book illustrations are especially important for young students. A book with illustrations serves as a stimulus for children to master their first reading skills, and also to improve them thoroughly. Due to highly professional illustrations that reflect the characteristics of a child’s illness, interest in the book and reading arises. The aesthetic function of illustration is due to its value as an independent work of art and its main purpose. Illustration, first of all, is a form of image-creative mysticism, and also literature. Without this spirit of mystique, illustration can be recognized as valuable, in which literary imagery signifies, but rather strangles, the system of images in the power of image-creative mystique.

Visnovok

As a result of writing your essay on the topic “Illustration in books for children,” and after investigating the problem, you can make the following conclusions:

1. Book illustration, as a genre of graphic mysticism, develops an aesthetic sensitivity in a child. The additional and deepening content of the book awakens the child’s senses, emotions, enriches the children’s creative imagination with new graphic images and develops their intelligence, helping to reduce stereotypy in the child.

2. Book illustration is a synthesis of both the elements of the book and, more importantly, the text of the literary work itself, its plot and style. Indeed, the artistic illustration is always intertwined with the text of the book, becoming an inseparable whole from it.

3. The artist of a children's book stands as a creator and, through clear illustration, recognizes such a form of their transmission that corresponds to the peculiarities of a child's taste for a thorough reading of the ideological and artistic originality of a literary work in the understanding of literary text.

3. The role and importance of book illustration plays in developing artistic relish in children. It gives scope for creativity.

4. The main task of the teacher and teacher of preschool children is the harmonious development of the individuality of the child. Vin, the main rank, acts as a guide, a traveler in his illustrations of the light of the book, helping children to recognize at an early age the valuable guidelines in the concepts of good and evil, truth and lies.

List of references

book illustration children's text

1. Ezikeeva V.A. Substitution of methods for initiating the creative activity of children 4-7 years old: Aesthetic education in the kindergarten. - M: Prosvitnitstvo, 1995.

2. Kazunina E. The infusion of modern book illustrations into the aesthetic development of preschool children. Z. 158-161.

3. Karpinska N.S. Russian folk tale from a morally inspired Radian preschool child. – M., 1948.

4. Karpinska N.S. An artistic word for witch-trained children. - M., 1972.

5. Kurochkina N. A. Children about book graphics. - St. Petersburg: Ditinstvo-Press, 2002.

6. Flerina E.A. More aesthetically pleasing to a young student. - M., 1961.

7. Chukovsky K.I. From two to five. - M: Radyansky writing book, 1960.

SUPPLEMENT

The system of pedagogical work with the awareness of children 3-7 years of age from book graphics is introduced, divided into a program for the development and education of children “Childhood”. The system includes meaningful and practical activities, games, drama games, etc. for the skin group of children. Posіbnik contains a list of recommended literature and a glossary of main terms that you can find in your book. The supplement contains summaries of practical activities for children aged 5-7 years, dedicated to the creative features of graphics, as well as a method for diagnosing children’s use of book illustrations. The publication is supplemented with information about the life and creativity of famous graphic artists. For caregivers of pre-school children, students of pedagogical universities and colleges, ceremonies and studios, fathers.

In this manner

One of the tasks of the investigation was to reveal the influx of book illustrations to the level of comprehension and understanding of literary text by children 4-5 years old. For this purpose, we used the methodology of G. A. Uruntaeva, Yu. A. Afonkina “Infusion of verbal and visual expression on the basis of communication”, the results of which at the initial stage showed that children, before being shown illustrations, create text in the middle new by 25% , and after showing illustrations, the average display increased by 25%. Those from whom we developed a concept that the book illustration helped children 4-5 years of age to better understand and understand the meaning of artistic creation, positively influenced the logic and coherence of fairy tale retellings, brought out the emotional impact of the book. At the same time, 50% of children had a weak interest in the illustration: their children were very burnt out, did not see the posture, gestures, facial expressions, development in the vastness of the characters. This has sunk in and the emotional situation has reached the point of creation, the children are on top, and have already been placed in the book.

The current book publishing industry in Russia, as in the rest of the world, is characterized by high dynamism in the development of the publishing system and the production of books and brochures. The number of organizations that have denied the right to carry out activities on the territory of the region is approaching 20 thousand, and the number of books and brochures published by them since 2001 has reached over 70 thousand. which is called a kind of national record. The structure of the banking system is changing, it is becoming essentially non-state and is largely based on the ambushes of the market economy with the vicissitudes of current mechanisms of marketing and management. The book industry is constantly adopting new information technologies, as they find themselves stuck in various parts of the editorial, publishing, publishing and marketing processes. Everything is based on the fact that the book certificate is filled with comprehensive knowledge of various problems of current practice, intelligently orienting oneself in the situation that is rapidly changing, predicting the prospects for the development of other areas of the book certificate, here detect searches and choose alternative solutions.

The commercialization of the book market was evident in various ways in the production of children's literature and pictures of children's reading. The beginning of the development of market deposits calls for low-crisis processes, at the end of the severe decline in children's literature. By the end of the day, its publication is growing exponentially, and the number of children's books is decreasing. The theme is expanding and we are adding decoration. Whenever the market is filled with children's literature, the drink becomes gradually satisfied.

In this way, as before, the situation of “book famine” is preserved for rich children, who are less able to exercise their right to read.

Artistic illustration is the most important element of a book for children, which is largely due to its artistic value, the nature of the emotional influx, and the ability to contribute to the process of aesthetic development of readers. The book's illustration helps the child learn about the world, master moral values, aesthetic ideals, and deepen the appreciation of literary creation. The illustration begins the process of choosing a book for a child to read. The illustration conveys the richness of the literary text, forms a statement about its theme, idea, characters, and provides an assessment of the character and heroes of the literary work. The illustration helps children enter the literary world, understand it, get to know and make friends with its characters, and fall in love with them. The fragments of life evidence of the child are not large and it is easier for you to create in your knowledge that the writer recognizes. You need to learn, believe. This is where the artist comes into the book.

Book illustrations for young schoolchildren are especially important. A book for a child begins with an illustration, which serves as an incentive for the child to master the first reading skills, and then for them to become more thorough. Due to highly professional illustrations that reflect the characteristics of a child’s illness, interest in the book and reading arises. Librarians who work with children's books must value them as an instrument of aesthetic and moral education of child readers. It is unacceptable to focus respect solely on textual information.

Artistic viconana and illustration flows into the child, above all, aesthetically, giving her a known life and a known mystique. A book is a special light in which artistic illustration and literary text function as a single complex, helping the young reader perceive the book as a richly-planned branch of mysticism. Moreover, when working with a book in the library, it is impossible to limit oneself to an analysis of the literary work, leaving aside such an important element of the book as illustration. Based on the psychological characteristics of young schoolchildren, the book is always illustrated, and in connection with these keruvatis, they are read without understanding the numbers and illustrations, without knowing the main functions and possibilities of influencing young readers are impossible.

Looking at book illustrations is a widely used method of teaching children creative activity.

Illustration is a little thing that figuratively reveals the literary text, substituting the order and style of the literary work, instantly decorates the book, richly decorative.

The main artistic feature of the art of illustration for children is the figuratively realistic revelation of the ideas of literature and the manifestations of life, the sense of everything that brings us home. It revolves around the imagery of a child’s mind.

The little one becomes close to a child’s book even at the very beginning of his life. The book is one of the first works of mystique that you can get to know.

The artist comes to the child, if she is not yet able to speak, and, next to the fathers, with the author of the children's book, becomes the first teacher and teacher. It creates in children a love for beauty, a high aesthetic sense, an artistic relish.

E.A. Flerina [ ] wrote What picture, especially for young children, is extremely important? Long-lasting material, more re-shared and shared, to say the least, has its real visibility.

A number of psychologists and educators analyze the characteristics of children of different age groups and illustrate the children's book. So, little ones rejoice at the bright, bright image, they have power in the game, the game is set to the picture. However, it is important to see the smut in the image, often paint the details, and cannot properly complete the task at hand.

Various techniques of artistic versatility highlight the unreasonableness of the image (incompleteness, smallness, rendering of the subject with a dark flame, folding angles, sharp deformation of the object, folding assets). Schematic pictures do not satisfy either younger or older children: children want to learn from the picture all the essential signs of the subject.

Preslednik I. Kotov established the particularities of children's recognition of the depicted image. So, for children 3-4 years old, the main sign of recognition of the depicted image is the shape, while color has other meanings. For children in the fifth year of life, color begins to play the main role in the familiar one, and for children in the sixth year of life, color is as important a sign in the recognition of the depicted image as shape.

Pedagogical creativity, aimed at the awareness of children not only through this, but also through the artistic and expressive methods of book graphics, significantly advances the level of artistic understanding of children, creates interest and It’s important to look at the illustrations, the emotional response is drawn to them.

Looking at book illustrations allows you to enrich children’s creative imagination with new graphic images and methods of depiction. In cases where it is impossible to recognize the boys from the subject and manifestation of the process of direct conflict, vikoryst pictures and illustrations. They can be corrected and after being careful with the method, it will be appreciated, clarified, and enriched. The method of fixing the image in the picture allows you to look at the details that are important to capture in a natural object.

Do the boys have to force themselves to master the methods?? Edit the roc into the little one. Paintings, illustrations, what? You can learn simple ways of depicting roc that are easy to understand and accept by children. The painting can show an accessible way of depicting space, earth and sky, a method of rendering trivial space on the double surface of a sheet; An elementary little thing is visible to the compositional center (the head appears larger, those that are closer to each other appear at the bottom of the arch, and further away - at the top).

In the illustrations you can explore different ways of depicting buildings, trees, the expanse of the earth, creatures in Russia, etc. However, it is recommended to vikorize them after caution as an additional method, what helps? To recapitulate first the images that were formed during the immediate fusion into graphic ones, as a technique that enriches the stock of graphic images, which ruins stereotypes and templates. The illustration cannot be shown to children for direct inheritance. The most beautiful manifestations that have arisen in the mind appear in the remaining, freshest impressions of the finished image. In connection with this, it is necessary to establish this technique in the front work.

Otje, Book graphics are one of the types of creative art, the variety of forms (line, shape, color, composition) available to preschool children.

Children's familiarity with book illustrations develops an aesthetic sense, develops artistic taste, and allows children to explore their creative creativity.

The importance of illustration in the aesthetic development of the reader-child is based on the fact that illustration is simultaneously a creation of graphic mystique, which has independent artistic value, and the key to the revelation of the depth of ideological and artistic the originality of the literary work itself. Well, the infusion of illustrations on the aesthetic sense of the young reader involves two mutually related paths, which significantly drives the force of its emotional-aesthetic infusion.

The aesthetic function of illustration is due to its value as an independent work of art and its main purpose. Illustration, first of all, is a form of image-creative mysticism, and also literature. Without this spirit of mystique, illustration can be recognized as valuable, in which literary imagery signifies, but rather strangles, the system of images in the power of image-creative mystique. The task of the illustrator in its greatest expression is to edit the ideological and figurative-aesthetic place of one type of fiction (literature) with the methods and techniques of another (graphics). The great role of book illustration plays in the development of the ideological and artistic originality of literary creation and the understanding of the literary text. Since the illustrator in a children's book acts as the creator and author of a written book, he not only reflects the light of literary creativity in his little ones, but also gives an interpretation, an intelligent interpretation, and his own understanding Nya go and look. For a library worker and a child reader, it is important to know what methods the illustrator uses to create a literary work, so that the little readers can accept the lost aesthetic taste of the literary work. In this way, for example, the idea of ​​a literary work is revealed through artistic insight.

The essence of artistic insight is the change, strengthening, development, through unknown details in the literary work, its ideological substitution; the richness of reality, the imagination of a little reader, his creative abilities. The original representation of the main idea of ​​a literary work, or at its most glamorous in appearance, is often dominated by an illustration-frontispiece, spread out on the very beginning of the book, against the title arch. In line with this idea, as an illustration of the alarm arms, it is possible to further confuse the reader with the book. In close connection with the revelations of the ideological sense of literary creation is the characteristic of the images of the heroes - a task that the illustrator is practically under the skin of. The characteristics of the figurative characteristics include: graphic depiction of the hero, the transfer of the psychological state of the hero through facial expressions, posture, gesture, as well as for additional purposes, interaction and color. All these artistic characteristics are directly aimed at the development of the ideological-shaped place of literary creation, which has a great reserve for developing a creative reader, aesthetically compatible with the development of children.

Children's appreciation of literary works is conveyed as an understanding of this ideological-figurative space, and of such artistic features as rhythm, language, composition. The fragments of the book's illustrations in their own way combine with its own nature, which is obligatory to be revealed in the library work. Rhythm is the basis of the movement of completed works. The rhythmic organization of the verse is characterized by elements that are repeated, which means that the author of these works has a stringency and lightness to the verse. Adopting the rhythmic structure of a completed work for young readers is an important mental training for a creative reader, one of the tasks that should be faced by children’s librarians.

It is also important to convey to the reader and reader with an illustration the compositional technique underlying the literary work. Having perceived the composition of a literary inspiration behind the additional illustration, it is easier for young students to perceive the literary work itself in the unity of its ideological place and artistic form.

And we will solve the remaining problem - by illustrating my literary work. Language is the most important and expressive language. Language illustrations are the essence of image-creative mystery. In connection with this, it is so important for the child to learn to understand my mystique, the similarity between the style of (my) illustration and the style of (my) literary creation.

Otzhe, Bookykova Yaki Yak Special Type of the Organized Mystics Formannia on the Formannoy of the Street Svitty, Countrying in Ditini, Scho Virazhazha, Persh for everything, in pragnens, beautiful in the All Illustration at the book - tse?? Raise the spirit of children with the light of imaginative mystique. The additional and lasting place of the book, awakening in the child, it seems like the emotions that a true artistic creation calls out in us, and, we decide, rich and developing his friendship, book illustration It has an aesthetic function.

Features of children's acceptance of book illustrations.

The first books with bright, garish illustrations by artists open a window to the child in the world of living images, in the world of fantasy. The child of the early century reacts emotionally, having indulged in the barvy of illustrations, she clutches a book to herself, strokes the images in the painting with her hand, talks about the character painted by the artist, as if alive.

This has all the great power of pouring graphics into children. It is specific, accessible, understandable to preschool children and gives them a great inspiration. B.M. Teplov, characterizing the peculiarities of the creativity of mysticism, writes that scientific caution is sometimes called “thinking spirits,” while the spirit of mysticism is called “emotional.”

Psychologists, mystical scholars, and teachers have noted the ease with which children accept graphic images: as heavy as a baby’s baby, and over the years, the stinks give more importance to real intoxication, which also means He was able to help children depict realistic forms.

In older preschool children, the mentality of the form is negatively assessed. The creation of works of graphic mystique can reach different levels of complexity and completeness. There is a lot to be learned from the preparedness of a person, from the nature of her aesthetic sense, the number of interests, and her psychological state. It is best to lie in the very creation of mysticism, its artistic place, ideas. I can feel how she expresses herself.

Looking at the illustration, preschool children are emotionally attracted to the colors and shapes, and appreciate those depicted. Features of artistic expression (line, shape, color, composition) help children recognize the location of a picture. The stench emotionally captures the image, revealing the desire when looking at the image.

Research (T.A. Repina, E.A. Bondarenko, E.Sh. Reshko, V.Ya. Kionov) showed that children are familiar with the characteristics of their appearance. The little one is the most important official in the established position of children and characters in the work (accounts, tales).

The main thing in a reasonable place on a baby for children 3-4 years old is the subject with which the person is acting, and for children 5-7 years old - the pose of the depicted person and various compositions in transferring the hand. Young preschoolers perceive the prospect of changing objects as really small, and before 5-6 years of age they begin to understand the change of a distant object (closer - farther).

Illustration has an artistic touch, which helps to better capture the literary image, always ensuring that the idea of ​​the creation is clearly, expressively, accessible, and emotionally conveyed. The artistic image in the illustration is received by children actively and emotionally.

With their hands and gestures, preschoolers often follow the characters, and they look at the innocuous posture, revealing the people. The form, the manner of the little one infuses the character of the child, be careful of the depth. A bright, dynamic little baby without any details to be charming, without a sharp change in the effectiveness of the most accessible for children aged 5-7 years.

In order for the artistic image to be sensible, meaningful, and suitable for a child, the artist selects various features of diversity that characterize the characters - babies, colors, composition, and some other meanings. I use the individual creative style of an artist. In connection with these features, it is necessary to create intelligent, accessible and, at the same time, highly artistic graphic images.

Such creative book graphics were created by V.M. Konashevich, V.V. Lebedevim, A.F. Pakhomovim, E.I. Charushin, Yu.A. Vasnetsova, E.M. We work with our creativity to shape our children with an aesthetic touch. However, if children do not begin to accept graphic language, the great potential of forming an aesthetically pleasing illustration may not be realized.

On the other hand, a child’s creative creativity does not take away the incentive for development, because children in their little ones develop the same skills as artists (form, line, color, composition). Taking in the illustrations, the child’s thoughts take part in the actions of the heroes they depict, experiencing their joys and sorrows. He expresses his feelings clearly and completely in his remarks, gestures, and mime. As the baby sits still, the children either laugh merrily or become serious and mean.

Illustrations of fairy tales, where real action is given in connection with fantastic images, such as images of barviso, unpredictably, children perceive emotionally, look at old mansions, costumes, vezer with zest. unki, items are broken.

Illustrations, where artists use intellectual techniques, distort the form, rudely destroy the composition of the baby, children throw up, express dissatisfaction (“it’s ugly”, “not appropriate”, “it’s filthy painted”, “I don’t like such pictures” etc.). When the illustrations spark interest, the children will express their understanding and describe the image in the picture. Particularly beloved by children are the illustrations in books about animals, and little ones will cry out from the images of animals, which convey the same similarity (“yak spravzhni”, “pravda”, “kudlati”).

Illustration, as a kind of mysticism, is closely connected with the book. The fact that they are similar to the text is one of the indicators of aesthetic sympathies, while the graphic image allows for a better understanding of the story of the story. It’s not uncommon for children to pick up books with illustrations and try to “read” with help.

The most aesthetically pleasing illustration is for the child to describe the depicted action, to understand the relationships between the characters and heroes of the work. After highly appreciating the significant illustrations in the children's book, the fragments from their examination begin another stage in the well-known, children want to follow the artist in a new world of living images, guesses, according to Ednannya real and kazkovogo. It would be a shame to get involved in this process, but this whole fantasy comes to fruition.

The artist and illustrator is obliged to communicate with children in a simple, clear, broad manner.

2. Peculiarities of children’s acceptance of book illustrations

Looking at illustrations is a mediational method of teaching children creative activity, which allows you to enrich children’s creative knowledge with new graphic images and methods of depiction, which helps to reduce stereotypy in children.

The principles of design and illustration of books are based on the age-old peculiarities of children's play. For the skin's age-old stages, the characteristic features of the acquisition of information are characteristic of the structure of the book, the color of illustrations, the solution of font compositions, etc. In addition, the illustrations and text in the book are associated with the age-old characteristics of children.

It is important to emphasize that a child’s skin has a self-sufficient value, which is an organic whole, as determined by the laws of internal development. The illustrations and design of the book do not passively follow the child’s development, but push through, stimulate its development, awakening the child’s creativity. The peculiarities of children's perception of illustrations in children's books are analyzed by low-level psychologists and teachers. Doslednik I. Kotova established the peculiarities of children’s recognition of the depicted image. So, for children 3-4 years old, the main sign of recognition of the depicted image is the shape, the color has other meanings. For children in the fifth year of life, color begins to play the main role in the familiar one, and for children in the sixth year of life, color is as important a sign in the recognition of the depicted image as shape.

Direct respect for the expressiveness of the images depicted, images of people, creatures, the wealth of characteristic details, the colorful side of the art of mystique makes it possible to bring children to an elementary level of appreciation of them. The evaluative attitude in children has always been reflected in the preference of some works over others: often children ask to see how many times they have learned and remembered; One becomes in love with one's creations, one develops a sense of joy and enjoyment from looking at them.

At the early stage of a child’s development, at that moment, when you can simply put a picture in your hands, clarity, simplicity and vibrancy of graphic creation are the three main pillars of how the little one hangs up to the image. Behind the outer primitiveness of the little one, there is an abundance of light. The child strives to ensure that the subject is clearly depicted, with all the details in order, and without any clutter or hanging. It is necessary for the child to dissect all parts of the object: a human being is innocently depicted in profile or from some unimportant angle, which is important to recognize, the legs of the creatures are not to be covered one by one, but are completely marked, etc. There is no reason for Krikhta to be tormented by guessing while looking at the half-witted picture. Malya can recognize images of objects at first glance. In addition, in the minds of many children's artists, illustrations “for the lesser” are not guilty of taking away the lightness of that perspective.

And, of course, it is easier for a child to grow into a colorful baby: the color helps to recognize the object and recognize it on the white field of the sheet. But in the color, just like in the image itself, it is necessary to achieve the song’s benefits - the subject is guilty of the fact that the images are small in its natural, “natural” bark. This, before speaking, is an illustration for all centuries-old categories.

It is important to show respect to the composition of the little one. It may be simple and completely unrelated to the plot of the book. It is necessary for the little one to “understand” the picture at first glance and understand it with the text clearly.

In the older age (from 2 to 6 years of age), the child especially actively begins to develop symptoms of excessive light - they begin to remember, remember, and then emotional reactions become more complex. The illustrations in the book play an extremely important role during the period. Often a child throughout her life retains in her memory a picture from a child’s book - scary, funny, crazy. The evil child in the illustration lies directly in the technology of its origins, and presses the level of emotional infusion into the text that is due. As much as the children are not the same in the same way, the table is not the same and they perceive these very phenomena in the wrong light. During this period, the individuality of the little person’s character begins to manifest itself especially clearly. Therefore, it is impossible to derive a formula for an “ideal” illustration for this age. We can only talk about trends in the choice of compositional structure and the level of complexity of illustration, which influences the development of children. The little one (the world's oldest child) is obliged to follow the text. The illustration includes perspective, lightness, and complex compositional solutions - unusual angles, detailed images of basic and familiar objects. Most children, starting from two or three years of age, give preference to the little ones with a complex plot and lack of details.

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The importance of book illustrations in the development of creative abilities of children of the senior preschool age

Book illustration as a special kind of image-creating mystique immediately flows into the formation of a sensitive infusion of the world, develops The child has an aesthetic receptiveness, forms an artistic relish, gives scope to the powerful children's creativity.

Creative creativity plays an important role in development childish image-creator creativity. Before the image-creating mystique there are paintings, graphics, architecture, sculpture and decorative mysticism. The broadest type of imaginative mystique in a child’s garden is illustration. Ilustruvati - mean complete the text with explanatory little ones; Let us explain clearly and specifically.

U preschool organizations for children learn from artistic literature. Illustration Well, vikoryst is important as didactic material. Tim is no less, the teacher needs to learn children marvel at the artist illustrations: study the composition of the little one, understand how richly it determines; embrace the hubbub, its emotional fervor; mark the artistic details that characterize the fairy tale heroes and each other; get over the feeling of the mood that the little one expresses.

Children's books are decorated with talented letters. Each person has his own understanding of the world, his own reading of the text, his own artistic style. E.D. M. Rachov and in. illustrated books, which more than one generation has succumbed to children.

U creativity E. I. Charushina - writers and artists - leaders and friends children in the world of creatures learn to love and take care of him.

E. Rachov can delve deeply into the subtext of the fairy tales and reveal the motives for the characters’ behavior in the little ones. By depicting animals dressed in human cloth, the artist makes it clear that human relationships are hidden behind the cloth. Illustrator The graphic features are widely used, and the pose of the creature is depicted with clear lines. The expression of the eyes, the line of the mouth create the bright characteristics of the skin character (the fox and the crane in the same name, the hedgehogs and the fox in the Kastya "Two Greedy Witches") .

Illustrating fairy tales, E. Rachov always chooses the most humorous scenes, dramatic and comical moments in the plot, and vikorist presentation, so that the very essence of the creation is clearly revealed to the child. From baby to cossack "Vovk and goats" the artist depicts the most terrible moment. A sheep bursts in at the end of the door. The toothy pasture of the merciless wolf is wide open, the hopeless, hopeless, despised goats are rushing around the house, try to get a grip whoever can. Such a little one is not deprived children by the way. You want the stink as soon as possible, just as a goat betrays its children, and the wolf dies.

Tales of K. Chukovsky "Plutanina"і "Fly Tsokotukha" illustrated in the anthology of the little ones by V. Konashevich. The clearer and more vivid the meanings that are identified in the text are date The artist depicts the Kazakh situations with complete authenticity. Axis, for example, fish, rising on their tails in droplets and with parasols, walk importantly on the ground, crocodile diligently to extinguish the hot sea with pies and mlintzes. The artist’s little ones grow stronger and strengthen the copper plutana, as the lads’ burying cries out. In V. Konashevich’s little books, which are like a roar, the dynamism of the plot is clearly revealed.

Children's books have a lot of Illustration A. Eliseeva. From the little ones to the works of the popular folk creativity that fusion of wisdom, kindness and humor, which permeate the songs and fairy tales themselves.

Good know age of children's capacity, A. Eliseev in little ones for the little ones, memorably recounts the entire text. With its composition and brightness, Farb Vin turns the child’s respect to the head. Details can be transferred to another plan. The little ones of this truly childish artist can be the first step in the development of children active emotional stress illustrations.

The main material of the robot is Illustrations Yu. A. Vasnetsova to children's books. This choice was carefully crafted, so that the artist is able to deeply reveal the context of a fairy tale, a nursery rhyme, and subtly convey their moods. Forgive the composition of the little ones, vikorista and understanding of children's characteristics of diversity, skillfully touching the child's sleepiness and awakening in the child a sense of sleepiness, joyfulness, joy.

Let's know first children with illustrations, then pay attention to those details that will tell them about the moods and experiences of the characters. So on the little ones up to L. N. Tolstoy’s Cossack "Three Bears" Yu. Vasnetsova’s composition and change of pace shows how to move from a girl’s harp to the turns. The last little one is having so much fun on Mishko’s chair that her fear has clearly passed away. It is necessary to help mark the children who have taught them equal illustrations. Upon re-examination, if the main hostilities have already been formed, the respect will be lost children on such details in the little ones, which give a little space to the darkness creative inspiration, develop life. Next, tell them to find the baby stolet, a bowl of skin bear and guess the text.

The artist shows how to have a good time with a girl in someone else’s house. It is necessary for the children to note this, having gained their respect for those who already had a lot of mushrooms and berries hanging from the cat - it was so hot on Mishutka’s chair. If at first glance you allow children to marvel at all the details of the baby, they will appear less impressed by the impersonality of objects connected to each other.

Repeatedly reading children's books to the children, each time the little ones carefully looking at them, asking them to eat, what to guide, the teacher helps the child to grasp the uniqueness of the children's book (she has no "trash" neither "good", understand their morals. There’s plenty to learn about setting up babies. Thus, the presentation of little ones by one of different artists helps children learn something new from what they already know, to better understand the idea of ​​the work and the characters’ characters. For example, the same first baby mink from the rest to Marshak’s cossack, children note how the appearance has changed minks: there it became gloomy, dark, the mattress was upside down, the candle had been knocked over; The sound of black gloom has covered the sky, the month is not visible. At the very center, the little one by artist V. Lebedev depicts a figurine of a mother bear, and its tense pose attracts respect children. The author of the tale doesn’t seem to have caught bad targets, allowing children to figure it out for themselves, and the artist shows the little one the proof. In the morning and evening, when the group does not have many children, take a good look at the little ones before the already familiar fairy tale, nursery rhyme. This consideration is especially important for children, those who have less emotional stress Rozvinene. It is important to reach such a subgroup and those with the greatest emotions children.