How many main ambushes of the economic region are there? Principles of districting. Pivnichno-Zakhidny economic district

Same area. It's straightened out in search of new districts. Similar objects can be combined into one group in two ways - united and subdivided, which, in turn, suggests two methods of knowledge - inductive and deductive.

Combining similar territory signs into one group allows you to see synthetic areas; This type of area is called "district below". Wine is used to develop geographic diversity within a flat area. The zoning “from below” begins with the selection of indicators, which are followed by the vision, delimitation and interpretation of the regions.

At "district of the beast"(Vision analytical areas), which is carried out over large territories, on the scale of the entire Earth's culture, the existence and visibility of areas is taken a priori. The task of the investigator is to select a sign that best represents the boundaries between the regions and their subdivisions.

Objects of the same district in economic geography are units of administrative-territorial division, from which average statistical data are collected and published. During the period of professional research, absolute indicators are “respected” for the area of territorial units and population size.

With a homogeneous area, the areas can be seen as one sign ( same-sign areabathroom), and behind a lot of signs (a lot of signs in the area). Since we are carrying out the same zoning, then there is only one option for conducting a cordon.

As a sign of regionalization, then the options for placing cordons can be a splint. Let us assume that the investigator is faced with the task of identifying an area of environmental disaster. It is possible to carry out regional irrigation because of obstructed waters, it is possible to do so because of obstructed soils, or, as a result, you get sick. Between the areas seen from the obstruction of waters, it is clear that they do not coincide with the areas of obstruction of soils and the growth of illness. Where will the epicenter of the ecological crisis be? In this case, you will have a vikoryst method and a richly symbolic area.

The “brightness” of the area, i.e. the similarity of the seen area to the set goals, is rich in what lies in the selection of the most representative indicators. On their basis, a matrix of statistical data is formed and analyzed. Often vikorist is called so Moul's technique Thus, a series of cards is created for the territory that includes the areas seen behind one sign, after which they are “overlaid” on the ground base. There, where the cordons meet, you can see a richly iconic area. The inclusion of a large number of signs and indicators complicates the vision of the regions, so that the values appear beyond the surface of the transition zone.

Vuzlov (or functional) district conveys the vision of the regions depending on the intensity of the sovereign connections between them. It reveals areas of influx of places, transport hubs, and enterprises. The skin area contains the nucleus, and all signs and symptoms appear clearly. The intensity of the phenomenon decreases from the core to the periphery.

The boundaries between the areas are separated there, where the indicators reach minimum values. Therefore, the conduct of power cordons when delimiting functional areas has no substantive significance: restrictions can be placed on the characteristics of the area.

Principles of districting. The most important principle under the hour is the supreme direction of practical management of this continuity, then the skin is liable to be classified as a certain class, and in many areas it is not subject to “white spots”. The system of districts may expand to include objects of new nature That is, it is not possible to include in one diagram such fundamentally different objects as, for example, animals and rivers, land and sea, kings and cabbage... etc.

The area may have a specific location What does the character set and the number of areas that are visible mean? The correct choice of sign of the great world will ensure the reliability of the final results. According to the first signs of guilt reflect the power of the district objects themselves; in a different way, vibrate among them with dignity the greatest summation, by which to divide the territory. Signs that are used for subdivision on more “high” levels, guilty mothers are more important for the purposes of regionalization, and signs that are used on lower levels.

Competition between traders for market territory due to transport costs and product prices

Between vuzlovy districts get out there, go to the authorities of the district office and go to the authorities of the district office.

To identify between two vulnerable areas (market zones) use vikoryst gravity models.

Since the two market centers are of the same size (in terms of the population, the total volume of goods and services offered), then between their spheres we will flow through the middle of the distance between them.

If the centers of their market zones are of unequal size, then move to the smaller center.

Let places 1 and 2 be located on the road D12, one side of the other, and there may be market zones M1 and M2. B2 – breaking point from another place:

The economic principle that considers the area as a specialized part of a single national complex of the region with a large warehouse of auxiliary and service manufacturing plants. It is consistent with this principle that the specialization of the region may result in such problems, which will cost less money in the production of products and the delivery of goods from other regions. The economic efficiency of specialization in the region must be assessed both from the point of view of establishing the largest territorial subdivision on the scale of the region, and from the point of view of the most productive extraction of available resources to the region .

The national principle is that it guarantees the national warehouse of the population of the region, which is historically formed by the peculiarities of the situation.

An administrative principle that means the unity of the economic district and territorial political-administrative structure of the region. This principle creates the basis for the effective independent development of regions and the appreciation of their role in the territorial sector of the Russian Federation.

These principles are fundamental to the modern theory and practice of economic regionalization in Russia. The minds' vision of great economic regions is dictated by the development of scientific and technological progress. The contours of the cordons of economic areas are indicated by the area of location of market specialization plants and the most important associated productions, which are associated with market specialization plants and technological supplies of raw materials, parts, and components. in, tobto. cooperation of producers. Among the region-creating factors of current economic regions, one can mention the presence of large genera of bark copalinas, the high density of the population and the accumulation of labor evidence, etc.

The economic development of the region has not yet caught up with the process, it may change, and the process of economic development of the region will be strengthened by rich officials. The formation of program-oriented TPKs at the bottom of the great economic regions can lead to the disaggregation of economic regions. The process of developing software-based TPK is underway - Timan-Pechorsk, TPK based on KMA, Zahidno-Sibirsk, Kansk-Achinsk (KATEK), Sayansk, South Yakutsk. The smells are formed from the conditions of unique natural resources.

The currently economical region of Russia includes three main regions (taxonomic units):

great economic regions;

districts of central Lanka - edge, region, republic;

lower regions - administrative-state districts, towns and rural areas.

The appearance of the economical area of the region is consistent with the ongoing development of territorial development.

All Lankan regions - great economic regions - are controlled by the central republican authorities for the control of the sovereign economic management on a territorial scale.

Great economic regions are clearly specialized and well-completed territorial sovereign complexes that play a significant role in the Russian division of labor. Due to the significant territory, large population, diverse natural resource potential, large economic areas have a clearly visible specialization (up to 5 - 7 galuzes). The larger the territory of the great economic region, the wider its military profile, the more complex the sovereign complex.

The middle Lanka region is vikorystvovuyatsya kerіvnitstvo deyaki galuzami gosudarstvo between the region, edge, republic. His role is great in the rural government and in the sphere of services.

Regional districts display economic signs. A unique form of integrated development of the regions, the integration of rural areas and industrial centers will ensure a good locality.

The lower economic regions are the first lankas in the taxonomy of the economic region. On this basis, specialized territorial virus complexes are established. The lower regions play an important role in the development and development of promising and river programs for the development of regional government and social and cultural life, in the placement and specialization of enterprises from the extraction and processing of agricultural products products, local crafts, daily services, trade and public catering.

Economic regions can merge into macroregions, or economic zones that are disrupted by natural resources, economic developments, and further development trends. In the great areas of the zones, many great inter-district problems are clearly visible.

The great territory of Russia, even in the early stages of the formation of the Russian state, required territorial development of its features, natural resource potential, creation of administrative bodies for the collection of donations and management of the social system. -economic processes. This was due to the need for Russia to be part of an administrative unit. In Russia, after the liquidation of the separate principalities, there was a division of voivodeship, camp, and povet. Managing them was simultaneously the “vindication” of their rulers. Creation of the Russian state in the 18th century. (With command departments) it was necessary to establish uniform administrative “units” - the province. Their main tasks are recruitment of recruits for the army, collection of taxes and police inspection.

For Peter I in 1708 the country was divided among all the great province , And the provinces were divided into tell . At 1727 r. an intermediate unit between provinces and districts was seen – province . Regiments were assigned to each province, and their staffing depended on the population of the province.

Peter's provinces arose for about seventy years, until 1775; Their number increased to twenty in that hour. In 1775 r. Following the decree of Catherine II, a new administrative reform was carried out. There was a reorganization of the province, there were 40 of them, and there were 68.

Varto said that the province is small, with at least 300–400 thousand. people, and the number of people of military age ranges from 20 to 30 thousand. people

This administrative section was left unchanged until the Yellow Revolution. The ancient territories of Russia were essentially colonies of Russia, and in form they were respected by military regions, ruled by governors-general. They were also called military districts. For example, the Turkestan military district, ruled by the Governor General; The Caucasus was ruled by the Caucasian governor. The structure of pre-revolutionary Russia included Varto say - Poland and Finland on the rights of independent units.

Formation of the administrative-territorial division after the revolution

After the seizure of serf law in 1861. Another administrative lower unit was formed - the volost.

The formation of the post-revolutionary administrative-territorial division of our region began in 1917. 7 leaf fall 1917 r. the Russian Radyansk Federative Socialist Republic was established. Born in 1917 – Ukrainian Russian Socialist Republic, in 1919. – Belarusian RSR. In 1918 As a result of the struggle of the revolutionary and opposition forces in Transcaucasia, the sovereign independence of Georgia, Virginia, Azerbaijan, and the internal struggle of the Trival was voiced. In 1920–1921 pp. Three Radian socialist republics were founded in Transcaucasia - Azerbaijan, Georgia, Virmen, in 1922. were united in the Transcaucasian Socialist Federative Radyansk Republic (ZSFSR) in 1924. were built Turkmenska2,9-2. zska (since 1924 it was called the Karakirghiz Autonomous Region) U br. 1922 The Union of the Russian Socialist Republic was approved. Previously gone: URSR, Ukrainian RSR, Belarusian RSR, Transcaucasian SFSR. U 1924 r. The Turkmen and Uzbek republics were transferred to the Union. U 1929 r. The Tajik ARSR was transformed into a union republic and also became part of the SRSR. Born in 1936 From the Kyrgyz RSR the Kazakh RSR was seen and went to the warehouse of the SRSR.

In 1940 The Radian army was introduced into the territory of the Baltic states and Moldova under the Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact, and four more allied republics were created, which also became part of the SRSR - Estonian, Latvian, Lithuanian and Moldavian RSR.

At the end of Radyan's rule, the old administrative units - provinces, districts and volosts - were being broken up. New administrative units were introduced - territories, regions and districts.

Many difficulties of the administrative-territorial division of Tsarist Russia and the economic importance of the regions were eliminated.

Until the end of the 1930s. The current political-administrative division of the USSR was formed, as was the case right up to the 1990s. n. During this period, there were 15 allied republics: RRFSR, Ukrainian RSR, Belarusian RSR, Estonia RSR, Latvian RSR, Lithuanian RSR, Moldavian RSR, Georgian RSR, Virmen RSR, Azerbaijan RSR, Turkmen RSR, Turkmen RSR , Turkmen RSR, Turkmen RSR, Turkmen RSR and Kazakh RSR.

The allied republics had 20 autonomous republics, 8 autonomous regions and 10 autonomous (national) districts.

It was folded up to the cob of the 1990s. The political and economic situation led to the collapse of the Radyansky Union. This process is explained by a number of reasons, the main ones being the collapse of the totalitarian system, the concentration of all powerful structures in the hands of the CPRS, the new political and economic dictatorship of the core structures of the CPRS over all spheres of the political and economic life of the country. Of course, that dictatorship was responsible for the early and late night falls. There was a collapse of the empire, which was accompanied by a financial, economic, and political crisis. Initially, six allied republics declared sovereign independence - Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Moldova, Georgia, Virmenia. Varto respect that they were encouraged to participate in the signing of the Union Treaty on the preservation of the Union and the consolidation of the Federation of the Free Powers.

The name of the region was changed - the Union of Radyansky Sovereign Republics. Whose signature was ruined by the coup d'état organized by the DKChP in Serpnya in 1991.

Although the putsch was oppressed by the democratic forces of Russia, its consequences were led to the further collapse of the USSR and the complicated political-economic situation in the country.

Ukraine, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Azerbaijan and other republics have declared the renewed independence of this situation. The process of nationalization of the extra-Union government has begun. Another promising equal republic has collapsed, although it was confirmed by bilateral economic benefits.

Today, the vast Soviet Socialist Republic has completely disintegrated and in the place of a great empire, sovereign powers have been established, recognized by the world: Russia (Russian Federation), Ukraine, Belarus, Moldova, Latvia, Lithuania, Estonia, Georgia, Virginia, Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan, Tajikistan Turkmenistan. All these power-republics are the most important form of sovereign life - presidential republics.

Through the initiative of Russia, Ukraine, and Belarus, the Friendship of Independent Powers (FNI) was created, which would create a single economic space and establish mutual connections, as well as greater governance implementation of strategic defense, establishment of contacts to operate on their territories of a unified transport system, sound system 'language, unified energy supply. Currently, the SND warehouse includes 12 total union republics of the USSR, although the creation of the SND has been ratified by the parliaments of not all of them.

The administrative-territorial division of Russia has now emerged. The Russian Federation includes the following republics: Republic of Adigea, Republic of Altai, Republic of Bashkortostan, Republic of Buryatia, Republic of Dagestan, Inguska Republic, Kabardino-Balkarian Republic, Republic Kalmikia - Khalmg Tangch, Karachay-Cherkessia, Republic of Mordovia, Republic of Sakha (Yakutia), Republic Pivnichna Ossetia, Republic of Tatarstan, Republic of Tiva, Udmurt Republic, Republic of Khakassia, Chechen Republic, Chuva Republic.

At the same time, it should be noted that Chechnya has declared full sovereignty to the Russian Federation and does not intend to sign the Federative Treaty, according to the Law of the Russian Federation No. 2927-1 dated 4 June 1992. “About the establishment of the Ingush Republic at the warehouse of the Russian Federation” the original position of the Federation of the Chechen Republic is not recognized.

The warehouse of the Russian Federation includes one autonomous region - Jewish, 6 autonomous districts: Aginsky Buryatsky, Nenetsky, Ust-Orda Buryatsky, Khanti-Mansiysky (Yugra), Chukotsky and Yamalo-Nenetsky, 8 territories - Altaisky, Kamchatsky, Krasnodarsky, Krasnoyarsk, Perm sky, Primorsky, Stavropol, Khabarovsk and 47 regions.

Economical area. Economic district methods

Economical area I have this story. The first attempts at economical regionalization and the first publications on nutritional regionalization gave an initial orientation to the Gospodar's provinces in other parts of the country. Remnants of the Russian ruler's life in the pre-revolutionary rocks were considered to be the head rank of the rural dominion, the basis of the regionalization was laid by climatic and other zonal natural influences. These first traces of the economic district were important to the natural-state and rural districts. During the period of development of capitalism in Russia, due to the strengthening of the territorial division of the government, new tasks arose for the rural dominion and industry of Russia. This was a great desire to work on the data of population statistics, industry, rural government, and transport.

Particular attention is paid to the work of the economic region of Russia led by the statistician and geographer P. P. Semenov-Tian-Shansky. Varto remember that in the middle of the last century the division of the European part of Russia into the so-called 14 natural regions. They took care of both the natural and economical minds of the territory.

Another zoning was carried out at the end of the 19th century, as a result of which 12 regions of the European part of Russia were identified. These areas were presented as compact territories, close to their natural and sovereign minds.

From the beginning of the 19th century to the beginning of the 20th century. stay low in the economical region of Russia.

While all the traces of the pre-revolutionary area are not of sufficient practical significance, they have an important educational character. Let's talk about the work of such pre-revolutionary scientists as A. M. Chelintsev, A. I. Skvortsov, P.P. Semenov-Tyan-Shansky, the development of the state plan network of districts was carried out.

It is important to remember that the most important intellectual economic area in the post-revolutionary period became its administrative-territorial structure.

In 1920 The electrification plan for the region was dissected by GOELRO. The GOELRO plan included 8 districts: Pivnichny, Central Promislovy, Pivdenny, Povolzky, Uralsky, Caucasian, Zakhidno-Sibirsky, Turkestan. That would truly be the first evidence of the Radyansky economic district.

In 1921 the district plan was prepared by the State Plan; Following this project, the territory of the USSR was divided into 21 economic districts. No one was fighting for the approval of the Galuzov and territorial sections of the plan.

In 1938–1940 pp. The State Plan of the USSR developed a new network of economic regions. Behind this grid, the territory of the USSR was divided into 13 great economic regions. With her, the state's plans for the people's dominion were formed and solidified in the fourth, fifth and sixth five tiers. Plans were formed for Galuzia, economic regions and allied republics.

Born in 1963 The State Plan of the SRSR proposed dividing the territory of the SRSR into 18 great economic regions based on their natural and economic features.

The RRFSR has 10 great economic regions: Central, Pivnichno-Zakhidny, Central Black Earth, Volgo-Vyatsky, Povolzky, Pivnichno-Caucasian, Uralsky, Zakhidno-Sibirsky, Skhidno-Sibirsky і Far-reaching.

Born in 1982 The Pivnichno-Zakhidny district was divided into two districts: Pivnichno-Zakhidny and Pivnichny. Having said all this, we come to the conclusion that the remaining network of regions of the USSR included 19 great economic regions, including 11 of Russia.

Economic district methods

1. Energy cycle method (EPC) M. M. Kolosovsky gave such an important method: “... under the energy generation cycle we understand the entire set of production processes that are consistently developing in the economic region of the SRSR with the regulation of the supply of this type of energy and saturation, from the first forms of vidobutu and ennoblement of natural energy and rational recovery of all components of natural and energy resources... The cycle of need to be understood as a historical category that is flaring up at the hour.”

The EPC method takes into account the very sequence of fermentation stages that are essential for the fertilization of the product, and this sequence “will be” the same as the type of cheese produced.

N. N. Kolosovsky namitiv 8 generalized cycles (or all combinations):

pyrometallurgical cycle of ferrous metals;
naphtoenergochemical;
totality of hydropower industrial cycles;
the totality of processing cycles;
forest energy cycle;
the totality of industrial-agrarian cycles;
hydromeliorative;
Industrial-agrarian cycle (for areas of devastated agricultural land)

Including, above all, we have mentioned ninth cycle - Nuclear energy - as promising.

It would be wrong to think that, based on the analysis of the territorial structure, the region is separated by nine named cycles. N. N. Kolosovsky calls these cycles generalized. This means that with a detailed analysis of generalized cycles, they may be deciphered.
Varto points out that the main idea of the SLC method and for the purposes of its development - the classification of regions, their territorial structure, fractional zoning - leads to the need for the development of a hierarchical system of cycles, their lasification. The classification of cycles will be derived from their meaning as the totality of the mutual understanding of the processes that develop on the basis of the same type of power and energy. The amount of energy is provided for the main process. For example, for the electrochemical industrial set of cycles, the flow of electricity into the reaction zone itself is not typical for electrolytic and electrothermal processes. At other stages of the electric cycle, energy is used as power energy (for example, the stages of rolling color metals, mining and ore enrichment)

Today, for the first time, the syrup will be comprehensive. The development of complex syringe requires the production of primary crops until the development of low-parallel vibrous lances. Last but not least, in practice, another phenomenon is widely known - the development of similar types of cheeses and the separation of these types of cheeses from competitive finished products due to the proximity of the technological processes of their production.

The nature of the production processes is also determined by the type and quantity (per unit of product) of the recovered energy.

These three conditions make it possible to carry out the regularization of processes in order to generalize energy production cycles and create their own hierarchy.

At the designated positions of the lower classification, there are three stages:

generalized cycles and a generalized set of cycles;
subcycles;
cycles.

Generalized cycles, a generalized set of cycles - a set of such “Lantsyuzhki” that consistently change one of the same production processes that develop in parallel, which obligatorily considers the processing of all types of the same type cheese (or all components of complex cheese). syria, then the similarity of the main technological processes of the skin and their sequence is interconnected by the uniformity of indicators of their energy intensity and labor intensity.

Subcycles and simple cycles – such is the totality of several “lance” vibrator processes, such as vikoryst’s variety of species of the same type of syringe, and the technology of the main vibrator processes of the skin “lance” is close. At another stage of classification, subcycles are visible in the phases of “deciphering” the generalized energy production cycle. If we decipher the generalized set of cycles, such as the industrial-agrarian cycle, we talk about simple cycles.

EPC milks are developed on the basis of the acquisition of one type of milk (or one component of a complex milk) and a single type of energy that powers the main process during the production of one type of finished product. It is characterized by one sequence of production processes, including production and fertilization, processing of outputs, processes, and necessary maintenance of the main ones.

The cycles of the skin stage of classification under the hour of analysis of the complex will stagnate for certain purposes. Generalized cycles – for the classification of regional vibrator complexes, subcycles – for the analysis of the internal regional territorial organization of productive forces, cycle cycles – for the analysis of the territorial structure of subregional complexes, microdistricts.

Naturally, we can talk about direct cycles and inclusively in the main figures; It is possible, therefore, that the selection of cycle cycles and when analyzing complexes of districts, and not just subdistricts, and with the investigation of the territorial structure of complexes of subdistricts, the stagnation of generalized cycles gives little.

The totality of production and storage cycles allows for several variations. However, it is also clear that there is a place for Galouze’s classification. When classifying galuz, it is important to classify the same plant to the highest level of industry. It is customary to introduce combined enterprises carefully into the group of viruses in the production of enterprises' products. But here, without seeming to be smart about the principle itself, the problem arises from problems when a company produces a number of products in different parts.

The importance of the classification of cycles in the classification of gales lies in the fact that the cycles, subcycles and generalized cycles are aggregated, which combines the production processes into a type of production ( from fermentation) until the final product is extracted, in which all additional and related ones are included in the analyzed totality.

When classifying galusa, there is a selection of galusi that transforms the main type of product, and the outputs, when maintained, are often dense to different galusi.

The stage of development of energy production cycles and economic connections between cycles that form the region lie at the level of the development of the government of the region in general and specific minds in the region: the real warehouse of raw materials, the specificity of energy resources, the progress of that stage and historic process of the government's security of the region, labor and national cultural characteristics of the population. All these specific moments introduce their specificity into the typical structure of the region and create those especially individual ones that separate the regional-territorial complexes of economic regions from each other.

Analysis of territorial orientation conveys the grouping of formations based on the uniformity of the orientation official.

Grouping is at the forefront: production of fuel, materials, electrical, labor, which is oriented towards the employee. Mixed types are also possible if the production of a species is focused on two or more factors. The classification of developments according to the official orientation is based on the development stage at which the development of the SLC in the identified economic region is completed. The development of the cycle may be interrupted at this growth stage, which reveals a superfluidity between the nature of the growth process of the analyzed stage and the nature of the resources of the economic region.

2. Intergalus complex method:

Mizhgaluzev complexes (IOC) It is more effective from the people's position to consolidate the enterprises of galuz, which produce a variety of goods and services.

Intergular complexes are disrupted by energy-generating cycles so that they stink:

integration of enterprises, and not of industrial processes. It would be more correct to base the IOC not on the SPC, but on complexes adequate to the SPC; elements of such complexes (as well as the IOC) will be enterprises; when viewed in this way, one knows the dignity;
The IOC is formed as “living materials”, while the EPC is formed “as a result of absorbed power and energy”. Intergalore complexes, however, are extremely important and a single method of solving problems in the division (viral and non-viral) of products, circulation and exchange.

The classification of intergalus complexes will depend on the detail of the classification of galus and, therefore, the detail of the classification of their products.

Apparently, there are three groups of galusa, which appear to be due to the detailed analysis of the product:

galusi of the people's dominion (additional industry, general industry, rural dominion, transport, connections, etc.);
the aspirations of industry (scorching, machine building, etc.), rural dominion (creature production, agricultural production), transport (salary, automobile, river, etc.), as well as other galusies of the people's dominion may have their share;
The textile industry is divided into subgalusia (for example, the textile industry is divided into cotton wool, sheep wool, seam wool, linen, knitwear);
In the sub-Galuses, the Galusians of the rural state are being expanded, as well as transport. bud. In this regard, the rank of galus in the intergalul complex can be discussed about the rank of the complex itself. Last but not least, inter-galore complexes, like the SLC, compete for specialization and territorial significance.

3. Coefficient method:

For the development of inter-district and internal-district problems, the successors will also fight coefficient method, With their help, we strive to emphasize specialization, completeness and efficiency in the development of the state government of the regions.

The method is not new, it was widely used by A. M. Chelintsev in 1910–1918. specialization of areas; for example, the 1930s. Once “reinvented” by the English economists P. S. Florence and A. J. Winsley, they then began to be widely used in the United States and, significantly, in other countries.

Coming from all that has been said, we come to the conclusion that with the help of certain methods, we can scientifically substantiate the rationality of the territorial organization of the government of the regions, the SLC method. Further analysis of the regional virobnicheskogo complex will be carried out in accordance with this method.

Fundamentals of daily economic regionalization and forms of territorial organization of the Russian state

Economic regionalization will be the basis of territorial administration of the people's dominion of Russia.

System of economic districts – the basis of prompt material and other balances at the territorial level in the development of target and regional programs.

Economic regionalization is an innovative development of territorial development and is of primary importance in the organization of regional economic management.
It should be noted that this is especially important if the regions of Russia have lost their economic independence.

Economical regionalization is inextricably linked with the specialization of areas in early types of production, and will be one of the factors for increasing the productivity of suspense, rational and effective distribution of productive forces.

Current economic district- This is an entire territorial part of the people's dominion of the country, which has its own specialization and internal economic connections. The economic region is inextricably linked with other parts of the state by a huge territorial subdivision, as a single sovereign whole with local internal connections.

Illumination of economic areas will be an objective process, reflecting the development of the territorial subfield of practice.

Main planting areas

There are a number of principles of regionalization.

1. Economic principle considers the area as a specialized part of the united national complex of the region with a large warehouse of auxiliary and service manufacturing plants.

According to this principle, the specialization of the region is responsible for such problems, in which the expenditure of money on the production of products and the delivery of goods in comparison with other regions will be less.

The economic efficiency of specialization in the region must be assessed both from the position of establishing the largest territorial subdivision on the scale of the region, and from the position of the most productive development of natural resources. resources in the area.

2. National principle Insures the national warehouse of the population of the region, whose historically formed peculiarities of practice.

3. Administrative principle the initial unit of the economic region and territorial political-administrative structure of the region. This principle creates the basis for the effective independent development of regions and the appreciation of their role in the territorial sector of the Russian Federation.

These principles will be fundamental for the current theory and practice of the economic region of Russia. It is significant that in today's minds the vision of great economic regions is dictated by the development of scientific and technological progress. The contours of the cordons of economic areas are indicated by the area of location of market specialization plants and the most important associated productions, which are associated with market specialization plants and technological supplies of raw materials, parts, and components. in, i.e., cooperation of varieties. Among the region-creating factors of current economic regions, one can mention the presence of large genera of bark copalinas, the high density of the population and the accumulation of labor evidence, etc.

Economic regionalization is a process that has not caught up, it can change, the process of economic development of the region will be strengthened by rich officials. The formation of program-oriented TPKs at the bottom of the great economic regions can lead to the disaggregation of economic regions. The process of developing software-based TPK is underway - Timan-Pechorsk, TPK based on KMA, Zahidno-Sibirsk, Kansk-Achinsk (KATEK), Sayansk, South Yakutsk.

The trace is significant - the stench is formed from the environment of unique natural resources.

The currently economical region of Russia includes three main lankas (taxonomic units) :

great economic regions;
districts of central Lanka - edge, region, republic;
lower regions - administrative-state districts, towns and rural areas.

It can be said that the appearance of an economical district reflects the ongoing development of territorial development. All Lankan regions - great economic regions - are controlled by the central republican authorities for the control of the sovereign economic management on a territorial scale. Great economic regions- These are clearly specialized and clearly completed territorial sovereign complexes, which play an important role in the trans-Russian section of the race. Due to the significant territory, large population, diverse natural resource potential, great economic regions have a clearly visible specialization (up to 5-7 galuzes). The larger the territory of the great economic region, This is the broadest of his virological profiles, the most complex of the Gospodar's complex.

The Middle Lanka region is victorious for the establishment of several galuzes of dominion within the region, edge, and republic. His role is great in the rural government and in the sphere of services.

Regional districts display economic signs. A unique form of integrated development of the regions, the integration of rural areas and industrial centers will ensure a good locality.

Economic regions can merge into macroregions, or economic zones that are disrupted by natural resources, economic developments, and further development trends.

In the great areas of the zones, many great inter-district problems are clearly visible.

Warehouse of the great economic regions of Russia

Headquarters of the vision of economic zones - The level of sovereign security of the territory, the relationship between the most important resources and the level of their recovery.

There are two economic zones. Zahidna (European part of Russia and the Urals) and Skhidna (Sibir and Far Skhid) It is worth saying that for the implementation of long-term target programs, the balance of production and the proliferation of important types of products of a group of regions in economic zones will be consolidated into enlarged regions. It is worth remembering that in the entry zone there are three consolidated districts - Pivnich and the Center of the European part of Russia, the Ural-Volga region and the European Pivden. The Skhidnaya zone has two enlarged regions – Siberia and Far Skhid.

Today, Russia's warehouse has 11 great economic districts (regions): Pivnichny, Pivnichno-Zakhidny, Central, Central Black Earth, Volgo-Vyatsky, Povolzky, Pivnichno-Caucasian, Ural, For Khіdno-Sibirsky, Skhіdno-Sibirsky, Dalekoshidny. The status of self-government looms in Moscow and St. Petersburg.

Today, in the minds of market development, three types of regions of Russia can be seen

Labor - republics of the Upper Caucasus, Stavropol and Krasnodar territories, Rostov region;
defense industry - St. Petersburg, Moscow, Nizhny Novgorod region, Ural, industrial universities dedicated to Siberia;
rich and depressed – a significant part of the Pivnochi zone.

For first group of regions It is recommended for everyone who wants to establish a commodity trade system both locally and in villages. Varto say, for regions of a different type the proceeds of foreign capital are transferred, regions of the third type - Creation of a particularly favorable regime for entrepreneurial activity for the purpose of partial payment from contributions and other factors.

To increase the financing of regions, market infrastructures are being created - housing funds, pension funds, insurance funds, exchanges, associations. It is recommended to focus associations on coordinating the most important tasks: implementation of programs for the development of macro-regions, creation of funds, increasing the efficiency of territorial divisions, development of production with the regulation of privatization, the introduction of new technologies, the expansion of farming and subsidiary states, the development of regional programs for the renewal of forces, the development of small towns, and defense too much of a middlebrow; development of connections with other regions.

Today, the regions have collapsed, the importance of industry, especially coal and metallurgy, with great monopolistic enterprises - Kemerovo, Chelyabinsk, Yekaterinburg, Rostov, Tula, Great of the Krasnoyarsk Territory, as well as regions where the defense industry is involved, - Moscow and St. Petersburg, Moscow, Leningrad, Chelyabinsk, Nizhny Novgorod, Ekaterinburz, Perm, Tula regions, Udmurtia and around industrial universities with a high-volume production base, mainly at daytime.

In a structural crisis, the threat of a sharp decline in production, mass unemployment and severe social tension is especially real for the regions. Therefore, for the establishment of these regions, there is a need for benefits for federal and local taxes, loans, benefits for taxes from the income of commercial banks, expansion of the rights of local authorities and social protection of the population. We will encourage enterprises in these regions to provide loans to encourage production and re-profiling for the production of socially direct products.

All told, there is a need for an integrated economic district.

Including, above all, the Galuzev region, for example, the areas where ferrous metallurgy is located (metallurgical bases), the areas where transport, rural Spodar machinery and other industrial centers are located and the rural Spodar region bath. Thus, it is expected that in the future, with the development of market stalls, it will be possible to see five rural districts of Russia:

farming regions with significant private power - the main part of the Non-Black Earth zone, agricultural regions of the flooded part of Skhidny Siberia and Far East;
regions where great collective dominions from farmers are united - the Black Earth Center, the Volga region, the frontier of the Southern Caucasus, the Southern Urals, the western Siberian region;
Girsky districts - republics of the Pivnichny Caucasus, Altai Republic;
regions of wetland-pastoral animal production – Kalmikia, Tiva, Buryatia, Chita region;
Weakly singing territories with moderate development of agriculture and a special regime of land cultivation - this is the main part of the Pivnochi zone.

The most radical agrarian changes are occurring in regions of the first type. There is a need to accelerate the development of farming states for the sake of additional government investments and subsidies, as well as the resettlement of economically active population to these regions - demobilized military servicemen, the Russian population from the region of the new border, as well as migrants from the region.

Particularly influx of regions of a new concept with savage, extreme minds - the Pivnochi zones, and infuse regions with structural unemployment, agricultural overpopulation (for example, the Pivnichny Caucasus) and with a weak financial and economic base - Zabay Kallya, Tiva, Kalmikia, Dagestan. These regions are supported by republican federal funds.

Today, free economic zones are being formed that take advantage of all the advantages for industrial and agricultural development, with a high level of infrastructure. This is St. Petersburg, the Far East - Znakhidka, Magadan, Sakhalin, near Siberia - Kuzbas, near the Moscow region - Zelenograd, in the Kaliningrad region - Burshtin and other regions of Russia.

Strategic goals for regional development

With the establishment and development of market capitals, a new regional policy is being formed. It is important to note the particular importance of the regional aspect of economic reforms in our country.

As a result of the great achievements of natural-geographical, socio-demographic, economic and other minds, the approach to the development of the economy of the surrounding region of Russia has been determined. In this case, the main guidelines will be:

Incorporating the specifics of the regions' work into the current Russian structural, investment, financial, social, and foreign economic policies;
transferring low-level reforms is important to the regional level, especially in small businesses, the social sphere, protection of the environment and the recovery of natural resources;
decentralization of reform management processes; activation of economic activity in localities;
the need to develop special reform programs in regions with particularly special minds.

Strategic objectives of regional development are in line with the upcoming

reconstruction of the economy of old industrial regions and great metropolitan agglomerations through the conversion of defense and civil works, modernization of infrastructure, improvement of the environmental situation, privatization;
the end of the crisis in the agro-industrial regions of the Black Earth, the Pivdenny Urals, Siberia, Dalye Skhod, the revival of small towns and the Russian village, the accelerated renewal of wasted living conditions in rural towns development of local industrial and social infrastructure, the development of rural lands;
stabilization of the socio-economic situation in regions with extreme natural minds and, most importantly, food specialization, the creation of minds for the revival of numerous peoples (first for all the regions of Extreme Pivnochi, Georgia kі districts);
continued formation of territorial-virgin complexes and industrial units in the ancient and similar regions of Russia for the development of non-centralized investments and with the priority development of vibroculture from the complex vicinity of raw materials for production Yes, subject to the latest environmental standards;
stimulating the development of export and import substitution industries in the regions, which is likely for the most receptive minds; the formation of large economic zones, as well as technopolises as regional centers to promote the availability of human and light science, accelerating economic and social progress;
re-specialization of new border regions, creation of jobs in them and acceleration of the development of social infrastructure with the provision of potential migrants and redeployment of military units from the region ї Europe and other republics of the USSR;
development of interregional and regional systems - transport, communications, information technology, which will ensure and stimulate regional structural damage and the effectiveness of the regional economy;
the background of the above-world existence behind the level and quality of life of the population of the neighboring republics and regions of Russia. It’s easy to say - the policy of reducing Russia’s long-term status in the import of food is supported by the accelerated intensification of the agricultural dominion of the Non-Black Earth and the wilderness areas of Russia.

It is important to know that most of the focus of Russia’s regional policy will move to the level of regions.

A socio-economic mechanism will be created that will unite the power of regulation from regional self-government.

Vilny economic zones

Vilny Economic Zones (VEZ) The practice of the rulers of the world and their practice in various countries has greatly increased. The infection in the world, according to various data, is from 400 to 200 ° SEZ, and until this point it is impossible to bring every Russian to a permanent basis, some of them are called “free economic” in Russia zones”, not satisfied with this kind of zones.

In connection with the documents of the international Convention for the Simplification and Harmonization of Minute Procedures (Kyoto, May 18, 1973), under them the objects on the territory of the region, as a “free zone”) mean part of the territory, and bo "zone-free" ) means part of the territory, or “free zone”). Those who are outside the boundaries of the national military territory (the principle of “national extraterritoriality”) and are not subject to normal military control and submission. In other words, VEZ is part of the territory of the region with a special orderly regime.

This regime is reflected in special legislation that regulates the activities of subjects of government in the All-Russian Economic Zone, which regulates the food supply: regulation; opodatkuvannya; licensing; visa registration; banking activity; maynovі and zastavni vidnosini (including - what is the dispute over the rights of power to the land); grant of concessions; management of a free zone. p align="justify"> It is important to note that the specificity of the VEZ can also be influenced by the acts of labor and social legislation.

The following shows the characteristics of VEZ rice:

supply of various types of benefits and incentives, including:
a) foreign trade (reduction or reduction of export-import transactions, simplification of the procedure for current trade operations);
b) fiscal, with subordinate incentives for specific types of activity. The material was published on http://site
Payments can cover the tax base (revenue and income, income, etc.), additional components (depreciation and amortization, salary payments, tax payroll and transport), the level of tax rates, the supply of permanent and timely unique support. atkuvannya;
c) financial, which includes various forms of subsidies, which are expected both in the direct view - for the structure of budgetary rates and preferential government loans, and also in the side - in the view of the establishment of low prices for utility services, reduced rent ї pay for the exploitation of land plots then;
d) administrative, in order to simplify the procedures for registering businesses, the regime for the entry and exit of foreign citizens.
Through the war of stagnation, the rate of profit on the VEZ becomes 30–35%, which is higher: for example, transnational companies take 40% of the profit on the river from Asian VEZs. The terms of return on capital investments are shortened (by 2–3 times) (this is considered normal for VEZ, where this term does not exceed 3–3.5 times);
the presence of a local reinforced zone management system, empowered to make independent decisions in a wide economic spectrum;
universal support of the central power.

Creation VEZ– active direct development of the economy of the surrounding territories and regions, traditionally focusing on the highest specific priority economic tasks, implementation of strategic programs and projects. In this case, as practice shows, the system of benefits that are installed in the VEZ is quite individual and is closely linked with the programs implemented on its territory. Apparently up to the light of the ruler's evidence, the initial goals and missions declared at the creation of the World Health Organization may never be avoided in the future, which will be the legacy of the actual development.

Coming from the order supplied during molding and other zones, there will be Essential benefits and prior to placement. To their greatest desecration:

favorable transport and geographical position of both foreign and domestic markets and the presence of faulty transport communications;
Excuses the potential of the virus, the visibility of the virus and social infrastructure;
consideration of reserves and the value of natural resource potential (first of all – reserves of carbohydrates, color metals, forest resources, etc.)

Therefore, the territories that are most favorable for the placement of VEZ are traditionally located close to foreign countries (and in Russia, including, to many of the union republics), and also have their own order neither sea trade ports nor main transport routes (zaliznychna, highways, airports), which have become industrial, scientific and cultural centers, areas of concentration of the most valuable natural resources.

In several cases, the created VEZ appears to be complete and in the areas of the new government security, which does not damage the core of the guilty industry, industrial and social infrastructure, but allows the important pro-Social power to prevail. grams (valuation of the fiery-energetic and mineral-syrutic base of the region, etc.)

The practice of creating existing and future VEZ projects on the territory of Russia shows that, depending on the purposes and tasks, they can be divided into steps main types:

complex zones of virobnic character;
foreign trade (foreign trade zones, including export production and transit zones);
functional or Galuzev (technology parks, technopolises, tourism, insurance, banking, etc.)

These types of zones can be characterized by the following basic signs.

Complex zones are rich in profile.

Varto note that stinks are formed both on the boundaries of the territory and between the areas of other territorial structures. The stench is brewing in the minds of the profit of great capital from the obligatory development of the necessary infrastructure.

To the complex zones it is possible to include (accepting the ideas of their creators) most of the VEZs created in Russia. VEZ near Nakhodets, Kaliningrad region, St. Petersburg and in.

Foreign trade zones will ensure foreign exchange transactions, incl. and for the management of consignment warehouses, rental of premises, exhibitions, transshipment of goods and their transit.

Before the external trade zones there is a free trade zone "Sherry-zone" (near the Sheremetyevo airport), a free trade zone "Moscow Franko-Port" (close to the airport "Vnu" (in the territory of the Moscow Zahid no river port)

Galuzev zones (technological parks, technopolises, etc.) are assigned both national and external economic functions. Varto respect that the stench, behind the scenes, heralds the accelerated scientific and technological progress in the surrounding areas on the basis of the activation of modern economic science, the advancement of the results of agricultural science, as well as the development of scientific technologies, new types of finished products and expanded exports.

Before Galuzev zones of a scientific and technical nature belong to VEZ in Zelenograd, which specializes in the fields of microelectronics, computer science and communication; the economic zone of Ingushetia may be added to the zones of a financial (“offshore”) nature; to tourist-resort zones there is a special economic zone “Caucasian Mineral Waters”.

The choice of the type of zones for specific territories includes both underground and local officials. Thus, for transport, export-import zones, the presence of a great transport hub is extremely important. Varto respect that they are traditionally located in seaside places, that there are ordered sea ports, salaried places, and airports.

These washbasins are for placing shopping, banking and other areas.

For the creation of zones such as technoparks and technopolises, a scientific and scientific base and a qualified workforce are required.

The organization of tourist and recreational areas will require the availability of cultural and historical centers, balneological resorts, landscapes suitable for tourism, and developed infrastructure.

Economic regions of modern Russia

The economic areas have been stagnant since the 1930s. until the present hour (closed, in the text of the State Budget)

There are 11 economic regions on the territory of Russia (before 1986 there were 10)

Pivnichny economic district(Visions around 1986 in the warehouse of Pivnichno-Zakhidny)

Warehouse: Arkhangelsk region, including the Nenets Autonomous Okrug, Vologda region, Murmansk region, Republic of Karelia (formerly Karelian ARSR), Komi Republic (formerly Komi ARSR)

Pivnichno-Zakhidny economic district

Warehouse: St. Petersburg (formerly Leningrad), Leningrad region, Novgorod region, Pskov region. After the collapse of the SRSR, the region was included in the Kaliningrad region, previously in the Baltic economic region of the SRSR.

Central economic region

Warehouse: Moscow, Moscow region, Bryansk region, Volodymyr region, Ivanivsk region, Tversk (formerly Kalinin) region, Kaluzka region, Kostroma region, Oryol region, Ryazan region, Smolensk region, Tula region, Yaroslavl region.

Central Black Earth economic region

Warehouse: Bilgorod region, Voronezk region, Kursk region, Lipetsk region, Tambov region.

Volgo-Vyatsky economic region

Warehouse: Nizhny Novgorod (formerly Gorkivska) region, Kirov region, Republic of Mariy El (formerly Mariyska ARSR), Republic of Mordovia (formerly Mordovia ARSR), Chuvaska Republic (formerly Chuvaska ARSR)

Pivnichno-Caucasian economic region

Warehouse: Krasnodar Territory, Republic of Adigea (formerly Adigey Autonomous Region of Krasnodar Territory), Stavropol Territory, Karachay-Cherkess Republic (formerly Karachay-Cherkess Autonomous Region of Stavropol Territory), Rostov Region, Republic of Dagestan (formerly Dagestan ) Balkar Republic (formerly – Kabardino-Balkarian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic), Republic of Pivnichna Ossetia – Alania (formerly Pivnichno-Ossetian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic), Chechen Republic and Inguska Republic (formerly Chechen-Ingush Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic)

Povolzky economic district

Warehouse: Astrakhan region, Volgograd region, Samara (formerly Kuibishevskaya) region, Penza region, Sarativ region, Ulyanivsk region, Republic of Kalmikia (formerly Kalmyk ARSR), Republic of Tatarstan (formerly Tatar ARSR)

Ural economic region

Warehouse: Kurgan region, Orenburz region, Perm region, including the Komi-Permian Autonomous Okrug, Sverdlovsk region, Chelyabinsk region, Republic of Bashkortostan (formerly Bashkir Autonomous Republic), Udmurt Republic (formerly Udmurt Autonomous Republic)

Zakhidno-Sibirsky economic region

Warehouse: Altai Territory, Altai Republic (formerly the Girnicho-Altay Autonomous Region of the Altai Territory), Kemerovo Region, Novosibirsk Region, Omsk Region, Tomsk Region, Tyumen Region, including the Khanti-Mansi Autonomous District and the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous District.

Skhidno-Sibirsky economic region

Warehouse: Krasnoyarsk region, including the Taimir (Dovgan-Nenets) Autonomous Okrug and the Evenk Autonomous Okrug, the Republic of Khakassia (formerly the Khakassia Autonomous Region of the Krasnoyarsk Territory), the Irkutsk region, including the Ust-Orda Buryat Autonomous Okrug, the Chita region, including the Aginsky Buryat Autonomous Okrug , Republic of Buryatia (formerly Buryat Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic), Republic of Tiva (formerly Tuvan Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic)

Far away economic district

Warehouse: Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) (formerly Yakut ARSR), Primorsky Krai, Khabarivsky Krai, including the Jewish Autonomous Region, Amur Region, Kamchatka Region, including the Koryat Autonomous Okrug, Magadan Region, Chukotka Autonomous Okrug (formerly at the warehouse of the Magadan Region i) , Sakhalin region.

It is impossible to understand the specificity of the problem of any region without assessing its internal territorial diversity. This is especially important for Russia, which is extremely contrasting in nature, historical features, population distribution, and economy. Without a deep understanding of regional (regional) geographic features, it is impossible to develop complex problems both in the regions themselves and in the region. The most prominent people in Russia (M.V. Lomonosov, K.A. Arsenyev, V.N. Tatishchev, P.P. Semenov-Tyan-Shansky, D.I. Mendelevev, N.M. Kolosovsky) established the method of zoning - subdivision edges into areas that are divided into one by one by one natural, economic, historical features, and the minds of people's lives.

Regionalization is the most important method of geography - a single science, for which it is fundamental . The significance of regions for geography can be compared with the periodization of epochs in geology, chronology in history, and the periodic system of elements D. I. Mendelev in chemistry, classification and systematics in botany.

Geography has different regional variations. First of all, the entire territory of the region can be divided into regions without depriving them of open spaces. This is how physical geography sees the great natural complexes of Russia: the Russian Plain, the Urals, etc. The administrative-territorial division of the Russian region, region, republic also covers the entire territory. Economic regions and zones see it this way.

The region in its own right “burns up” - like the territory of the region, which is divided into great regions (districts) of the same kind (natural, administrative, economic etc.). Similar regionalization of rich access is often (hierarchical). The Kozhen Great region (macro-level), in its own way, can be divided into meso-level regions and so on up to the micro-level. But in the global geography there are a number of similar districts and so-called hub districts.

On various maps of the region (population, industry, protection

nature and in) “clumps”, “foci”, “nodes of concentration” are clearly visible. On the population map there are Moscow agglomerations. The industrial map shows the cores of industrial hubs and regions. On the environmental map there are the centers of pollution and areas where the stench is emitted, the “focuses” of environmental disasters and zones of environmental disasters. On special maps you can see the “units” of international conflicts.

In the nodal region, the centers (nuclei) of these objects and manifestations are first seen, and then the territories that heavily extend to them, on which the influx of the nucleus is indicated. There are fewer clear lines between similar areas. In this case, there may be a number of mental cordons, the skin of which represents the stage of infusion of the nucleus, which gradually changes and varies in different directions.

You can see a number of zones in the flow of great places: settlement, pendulum migrations, interaction of industrial centers with the core, congestion, recreation, admixture of agricultural dominion, etc. , it often has a problematic nature. This is especially important for our difficult hour - the hour of problems that can also change their geography.

The expansive (territorial) organization of marriage, which is seen as: a) the totality of processes or the placement of enterprises in the sphere of material production and the non-virtual sphere, population, environmental management, etc. x joints, ligaments, suppository and interdependence; b) the unification of functional spatial (territorial) structures: population distribution, vegetation, environmental management, which is united by the structures of management and the process of suspicious creation.

The spatial organization of marriage will be on the territorial part of the region, which closely interacts with the processes of regional complex development, spatial differentiation of natural and socio-economic minds. To understand its essence, we remember that the investigation of any territory (for example, a region) will inevitably lead to the establishment of territorial units “from place to place.” In this case, the skin lesion (either natural or socio-economic) occupies not the entire territory, but a part of the area. In the middle of the range, you can spit on it almost completely (continuously) or only in small parts, then discretely.

The division of the territory (water area) for this sign (phenomenon, mental) and the level of its diversity, or for the same sign, there is a spacious differentiation, so that the area is in a broad sense. It should be remembered that such differentiation is always objective, as it comes from the obviousness and presence of any signs.

The essence of the process of regionalization is the revealed territorial creations and those between the expanse. The term “region” has a lot of meaning. Under economical (socio-economic) areas, we understand, first of all, a special scientific direction, which is dominated by the provision of warehouse equipment (identification) and the holding of cordons on the map (division) of economy. local regions, and, in other words, as a complex scientific discipline that is researching economic, social, political, environmental, organizational and managerial aspects of regional development

Now we are trying to understand “district”, “geographical region” and “economic region”. The region is the main category in geography, both as a reflection of both the differentiation of space and the processes of territorial complex formation, being such a criterion of geographical research and an attribute of geographical understanding. In the most common sense, a region is a territory (water area), seen as a collection of interrelated signs and objects, and is also a taxonomic unit in the system of territorial division.

Geographical region is a whole territory (water area), which is characterized, as a rule, by the diversity of genesis, the interdependence of the components of the geographical shell and elements of the landscape, or suspense creation (and the characteristics of the are located within the judicial territories).

An economic (socio-economic) region is a territory that is differentiated from other specializations and features of the complex development of the state, its geographical formation, natural and labor resources.

Socio-economic regionalization acts as a warehouse for territorial research and is aimed at activating territorial management and optimizing the territorial organization of marital life, most relevant economic, social, environmental problems. It provides an objective basis for all types of regional research and development. The regionalization makes it possible to update the natural resource, economic, social and demographic potential of all regions of the country, to more effectively utilize internal and external reserves and resources, and to improve organize hierarchically structured districts, optimize the structure of federal and regional government. This is the territorial sector of the work that is the basis for the systematization of socio-economic and environmental information in a spatial-hour perspective. The vision of a grid of objectively existing areas using the method of territorial forecasting, programming and management has become a staple of socio-economic geography.

Analysis of the objective process of regional development is one of the most important areas of research, and the central methodological and methodical method of understanding the spatial organization of the household is economical regionalization, as a warehouse of territorial the rule of regional policy.

Regional creation is the process of creating stable open spaces, combining elements of the landscape (natural regional creation) or elements of sustainable creation (economic regional creation) with a high intensity of internal mutual interaction. skіv and mutuality. Regional development - showing heterogeneity of the geographical envelope, chorologically unequal intensity of interaction between various elements.

The regionalization may not cover the entire territory, whereas the administrative districting covers the entire territory “without excess”. At this time, empty, “reserve” people arrive to the area along the ox road (usually behind the sign of territorial confinement), “reserves” depending on the development of the regional process of establishing the territory. Thus, the administrative consolidation of an economic region may not at all affect the economic (or even territorial) value.

At the VIDMINA, I register the district district of the regional dedication of the stroke of the mark, there is a good healthy viyavannaya of the concrete of the same district district, the regime-and-tech-conaed Politika, at the sphere of the management of Toshcho. The result of zoning is a mesh (grid) of areas, which emphasizes the hierarchy of spatial systems. In this case, as the regions of the same region, the hierarchical group of regions in different regions are likely to conform to the specified typological and classificatory characteristics.

Internal and inter-district connections may be formed on the basis of a complete territorial division of the law.

Economic regions create their own Galuzev and territorial structure. Galuzev’s structure of government in the region unites various branches of the economy and reflects its part in the inter-district (international) division of the government. You will know the differences between the economic zones of the advancing galusas and the types of vegetation.

Heads at the initial place of the region's territorial division of the people, form a military profile for the region. This group of galouzes will provide both household and external needs.

The bases provide milk and milk for the main production, and feed other galusies. This is due to the burning-energy complex, metallurgy, chemical and timber industries. As these galusi supply syrup and fuel to other areas, they can increase the values of the main ones (for example, the gas and naphtha industries of Western Siberia).

Companions are produced on the basis of a strong vikoristan of syringe and burning or processing of fermentation outputs. These galusies will enhance the complexity of the development of government in the region and can provide both local consumption and export products beyond the borders of the region. Examples of related industries include the coke industry in Kuzbass and the cement industry in the Urals and elsewhere.

Additions that export their products to other areas, being specialists of specialization, are not associated with the main and associated varieties. Additional sources include the timber industry in the Ural region, the textile industry in the Central and Pivnichno-Zakhidny regions, and the color metallurgy of Skhidnoye Siberia and Far East.

Internal districts who satisfy the needs of the region with their products, regardless of their specialization, take part from the advanced level of life of the population of the region. There are numerous galusi of light and grub industry.

Servicing (infrastructure) includes installations that supply electricity, heat, water, underground repair bases, warehouse facilities to all areas in the area.

Of the six groups of galusas, there are three or more specialization galuzes (head, satellite, additional) and even the head and base galuzes indicate boundaries between regions, being thus region-creating.

The economic region, as a complex whole system, has a distinct territorial structure. Under the territorial structure we mean the totality of spatially divided components and connections between them. The skin component of the territorial structure has a distinct function, the implementation of which occurs through transport routes. The main components of the territorial structure of economic regions are economic universities, economic centers and economic points.

An economical university is an economical, socially and environmentally effective integration of mutually dependent enterprises, compactly spread over a small territory, interconnected by economical, industrial and technical connections kami, which create a hidden settlement system, social and industrial infrastructure that has been formed. Among the economical nodes there are industrial, agro-industrial, transport, industrial and recreational nodes.

An economic center is a group of agricultural production and settlements within one municipal settlement, surrounded by a global economic-geographical center, industrial, social, environmental and market infrastructure.

Economic settlements include settlements with one government facility, which carries out the main national government function (farm, timber, grain production, recreation, etc.).

In the skin's economic region, spatial components and transport arteries create the entire framework of its territorial structure. Thus, in the Central region, the territorial structure is radial-circular in nature, which is indicated by the Moscow agglomeration, radial highways and many “rings”, at which universities there are regional centers located at a distance of 200-250 km in Id Moscow (Tver, Yaroslavl, Tula, Ryazan ) , Smolensk, Volodymyr ta in). Other types of territorial structure are radial-arc (Pivnichno-Zakhidny region), rachasta (Central Black Earth region), linear (Skhidno-Siberian region).

One of the important elements of the theory of economic areas is the study of the dynamics and stability of economic areas and the connection between these processes. Galuzev, the structure of economic regions under the influx of scientific and technological progress is changing rapidly. However, private changes that accumulate in the economic region do not immediately lead to significant changes in its Galuzev and territorial structure. This can be said about the inherent stability of the economic region as a whole and the entire system of economic regions. This nutrition is closely related to the staged formation and development of economic regions. M. M. Kolosovsky saw five stages in the development of the state of economic regions.

Reserve territories have a weak level of economic development and a small share in the territorial sector of the market. As a rule, they have significant natural resource potential, but their specialization is not significant and they enter the warehouse area based on the principle of transport.

The districts of the Pyonerian Ekonomichnaya Rosvitka, the natural resources, is the non -є є ї ї ї ї ї ї ї ї ї ї ї ї ї ї ї ї ї ї ї, vicosteen, ale of the natural resource is carried out by Vibrukovo by virtue of the Drinno -Service Rosselennye.

The areas of the great development of the state are characterized by the presence of great industrial hubs and transport highways with adjacent economically developed territories. In these areas, in addition to the developed regions, there are also reserve territories that are gradually introducing government turnover.

The areas of the tight arches of the Gospodar's development are looming with important shaped Gospodar's complexes, some of which will still be and are being designed.

The areas of the complex dominion that have emerged are characterized by a well-formed structure of production, a significant source of natural and labor resources, a clearly significant place in the territorial division of the race, and the appearance of the upper “surface” of development. ku district complex.

The system of economic regions is a collection of hierarchically mutually ordered territorial units. These taxonomic units of the economic region are identified.

Economic zones are groups of economic areas, seen using the method of long-term forecasting of the location of productive resources during the period of formation of market deposits. Russia has two economic zones - Zakhidna and Skhidna. In the Western zone, the development of labor and scientific industry has begun, which will ensure scientific and technological progress, as well as the formation of a rich agro-industrial complex. The similar zone is the main fuel-energy and mineral-syrene base of the region.

Integrated regions (macroregions) are formed at the boundaries of economic zones according to the principle of uniformity of natural resource potential, specialization of the state and economic connections. The Western zone has three macroregions - Pivnich and the Center of the European part of Russia, the Ural-Volga region and the European Pivden, and Skhidny has two - Siberia and Far Skhid.

The Great Economic Region is the main part of the economic region system. It is an entire territory that has its own specialization and close economical internal regional connections. At this time there are 11 great economic regions - Pivnichny, Pivnichno-Zakhidny, Central, Central Black Earth, Volgo-Vyatsky, Povolzky, Pivnichno-Caucasian, Ural, Zakhidno-Siberian, Skhidno -Siberian and Far-flung.

Before the meso-regions lie the subjects of the Russian Federation (republics, regions, territories). It also contains specialized complexes, with strong specialization and strong internal economic connections.

Lower regions and microdistricts are the primary regional “middles” in the taxonomy of economic regions. Before them lie towns and rural administrative regions.

Due to the peculiarities of the geographical location and the main importance of the collection of various components and elements in a given territory, hidden patterns appear within the region in specific forms that improve water resistance and impart due to the unique nature of the system. Internal (intra-district) interconnections and interactions within the region are evolving from external (inter-district) ones with greater stability and intensity. As a rule, the intensity of power processes in any area (especially the hub area) is maximum in one of the plots (core) and varies to the periphery, often not allowing the area to be clearly demarcated. In addition to such nuclei, a splinter appears, which indicates the folding of the structure, the creation of expanses and subdivisions of the lower hierarchical order - subdistricts.

A homogeneous (homogeneous) region is an area in which the localized object or phenomenon (for example, soil, landscape, or rural state) is characterized by this very sign or set of signs. A homogeneous area is depicted on the map using the acid-color method.

Vozlovy region (nodal) - an area with a center (core), which collects or separates flows (speech, energy, information). Areas of interest are at the forefront of the space between cultural, social, cultural and other enterprises and institutions, administrative and sovereign bodies (powers, territorial-political units, land districts; areas of gravity nya to places, ports, pick-up stations; postal departments, clinic, school etc.). Cordoni in the area of the hub, identified behind the important flows, are held there, where connections with the power center become weaker, lower than the current ones.

p align="justify">An important methodological problem of economic regionalization is the nutritional activity of the districts. The modern geographical science has a broad idea that the region is a subjective intellectual concept, created by the minds according to the mark and task of investigation. In modern economic geography, the region is perceived as the result of objective processes of development of productive forces. T. M. Kalashnikov to provide such evidence of the objectivity of economic regions.

p align="justify"> The process of regional development is a specific territorial manifestation of real regional development factors for different periods of development of the region. Based on historical facts, one can see how the emergence of economic regions takes place, inter-district connections develop, and new regions emerge.

The establishment of a system of mutually dependent regions as specialized parts of the power, with the help of which a real economic result is achieved - the productivity of the work is promoted.

The directness of the regionalization in the future and the verification of the practical way of making a forecast from action, as a method of clarifying cordons.

The density of traces of the area, collected by investigators at different times, although the traces were divided into one type and a scientific approach, and the stage of knowledge of activity.

In this way, economical regionalization is a major task: the way to see and demarcate the regions is to adequately represent the objective process of regionalization – a process that is uninterrupted and highly complex. Regionalization serves as a method of purposeful and regulated territorial organization as a people's dominion, and also as a whole. Its constructive nature will require the vision of economical areas as management objects. Who is insured as a virobnichi, and various social processes. Of great importance is the practical implementation of the principle of uniformity of cordons of economic, administrative and national regions, healthcare and federal structures and the national population.

The economic region has a specialization area, determined by economic and geographical officials. Economic regions are established and developed on the basis of a joint territorial subdivision. In connection with the Galuzian subfield, the dismemberment of the vibroculture into smaller and larger galuzes, the creation of specialized vibrocultures leading to the dismemberment of the sovereign territory regions are identified, before the formation of specialized economic areas.

Illumination of economic areas is an objective process, expressed by the development of the territorial subdivision of practice.

Basic principles of zoning:

- economical, which considers the area as a specialized part of the united national complex of the region with a large warehouse of auxiliary and service manufacturing plants. It is clear to this principle that specialization in a region may result in such problems, in which the cost of production and delivery of goods will be less than in other regions. The economic efficiency of specialization in the region may arise both from the point of view of establishing the largest territorial subdivision on the scale of the entire region, and from the point of view of the most productive vicor. There are no available resources in the area.
- National, which serves as a national warehouse for the population of the region, whose historically formed peculiarities of practice and life.
- Administrative, which means the unity of the economic district and territorial political-administrative structure of the region. This principle creates the basis for the effective independent development of regions and the appreciation of their role in the territorial sector of the Russian Federation. These principles are fundamental to the modern theory and practice of economic regionalization in Russia. The minds' vision of great economic regions is dictated by the development of scientific and technological progress. The contours of the cordons of economic areas are indicated by the area of location of market specialization plants and the most important associated productions, which are associated with market specialization plants and technological supplies of raw materials, parts, and components. in, tobto. cooperation of producers. Among the regional determining factors of current economic regions, one can mention the presence of great genera of bark copalinas, the high density of the population and their accumulation of labor evidence, etc.

The economic development of the region has not yet caught up with the process, it may change, and the process of economic development of the region will be strengthened by rich officials. The scientific development of an economical area will require a thorough investigation of the diversity of factors. The current period is being disrupted by the emergence of new objective regional factors and fundamental changes in additional factors.

The main driver of the differentiation of economic indicators is regional differences in production costs, the economy of production itself, in different regions, which must be identified during regionalization.

Due to technological progress, the role of the military official is growing.

In the minds of the formation and development of market deposits, new rice is emerging and such an important regional-creating official is the territorial complexity of the rule of regions.

Important indicators of regional complexity are the similarity of government in the region to its natural and economical minds, the rational integration of galusies with the arrangement of specialized specialized plants and its territorial concentration, in Exactly similar to the Galuzev structure that is included in the region's territory. Market deposits, like other deposits of socio-economic life, are territorially heterogeneous, then. In different economic areas, stench manifests itself differently.

Market factors that ensure mutual interaction and propositions on macro-, meso-micro levels, differences. But still, the main officials in the minds of market waters are the minds of the functioning of regional markets, the freedom of commodity producers, the boundaries of monopolies, equal minds for all forms of power. The economic interest is also important, as is the main disruptive force of the market when the freedom of producers is combined with national and regional regulations.

One of the most important officials is also market regulators. prices, tariffs, taxes, loans, investments, etc. All these factors are characteristic of a market economy and its system, which is based on regional principles of varying importance - economic, social, environmental, organizational. In this case, the ecological principles of regionalization are reflected in the territorial division of the nation, which corresponds to the development of a market economy and the satisfaction of household needs. Regional officials convey the shape of the situation that has developed and is predicted from the location of productive forces.

The most important aspect of the comprehensive development of the state government was the strengthening of the protection of excess resources and the expansion of natural resources. Vinyatkov's significance for an economical region is based on the appearance of social factors - territorial characteristics of the creation of labor resources, the possibility of moving the living level of the population.

Today is a promising network of economic regions of the country

The current scheme of economic regions in Russia was formed as a result of fundamental changes in the distribution of productive forces under the influx of socio-economic changes, scientific and technological progress and territorial affairs.

Reasons for changing your mind:

- the destruction of industry in similar areas, where the main supply bases were concentrated and on their basis great territorial-viral complexes arose;
- Improvement of the fuel-energy balance, creation of the most effective industries;
- a rational approach to action, addressing the inconsistency in the distribution of raw materials, fuel and energy resources, and labor resources;
- Ensuring the stabilization and appreciation of the economy for the development of the old industrial areas of the European part of Russia, taking into account the technological and intellectual potential of the region;
- Providing a way out of the crisis with the help of new “growth points” in various free economic zones.
- The current methodical approach to the development of economic district schemes can be based on clear analysis:
- Increasing trends will reveal hidden regional factors, then. scientific and technological progress of territorial forms of concentration of production;
- analysis of specific regional-complex problems, specific regional minds in the surrounding areas

The current economic region is an entire territorial part of the people's rule of the country, which has its own specialization and internal economic connections. The economic region is inextricably linked with other parts of the state by a huge territorial subdivision, as a single sovereign whole with local internal connections.

The current economic region of Russia includes three main lankas (taxonomic units: high lanka - great economic regions; regions of the middle lanka - region, region, republic; lower regions - administrative-state and districts, towns and rural areas). The appearance of the economical area of the region is consistent with the ongoing development of territorial development.

All Lankan districts - great economic regions - are selected by the central republican authorities for the government's central government management of the economy on a territorial scale. Great economic regions - these are clearly specialized and well-completed territorial sovereign complexes: which play an important role in the foreign-Russian division of labor. Due to the significant territory, large population, diverse natural resource potential, large economic areas have a clearly visible specialization (up to 5-7 galuzes). The larger the territory of the great economic region, the wider its military profile, the more complex the sovereign complex.

The middle Lanka region is vikorystvovuyatsya kerіvnitstvo deyaki galuzami gosudarstvo between the region, edge, republic. His role is great in the rural government and in the sphere of services.

Regional districts display economic signs. A unique form of integrated development of the regions, the integration of rural areas and industrial centers will ensure a good locality.

The lower lanka region - towns and villages are the first lankas in the taxonomy of economic district. On this basis, specialized territorial virus complexes are established. The lower regions play an important role in the development and development of promising and river programs for the development of regional government and social and cultural life, in the placement and specialization of enterprises from the extraction and processing of agricultural products products, local crafts, daily services, trade and public catering.

Economic regions can be united into macroregions or economic zones that are influenced by new natural resources, economic developments, and further development trends.

The main ambushes of the vision of economic zones are the level of the ruler's development of the territory, the relationship between the most important resources and the stage of their recovery.

There will be two economic zones - Zakhidna (European part of Russia and the Urals) and Skhidna (Siberia and Far Skhid). In order to implement long-term target programs, balance the production and increase of important types of products, groups of districts in economic zones are united in enlarged districts. The Western zone has three consolidated districts - Pivnich and the Center of the European part of Russia, the Ural-Volga region and the European Pivden. The Shidny zone has two enlarged regions - Siberia and Far Shid.

At this time, the Russian warehouse has 11 great economic districts (regions): Pivnichny, Pivnichno-Zakhidny, Central, Central Black Earth, Volgo-Vyatsky, Povolzky, Pivnichno-Caucasian, Ural, Zahid No-Sibirsky, Skhidno-Sibirsky, Far-Sibirsky . The status of self-government looms in Moscow and St. Petersburg (Fig. 1.).

Free economic zones are being formed. Free economic zone (VEZ) is a territory where a special regime of government activity of foreign and foreign investors is established: expert-import tax, tax, foreign exchange, banking regulation; high percentage (45-50%) of privatized enterprises. Two types of VEZ have been adopted - export production and free zone.

VEZ burial territories: Kaliningrad region - Yantar, Moscow region - Zelenograd, St. Petersburg, Novgorod region, Kemerovo region, Chitinsk, Altai, Sakhalin.

Fig.1. Economic regions of the Russian Federation

Inherited by the great achievements of natural-geographical, socio-demographic, economic and other minds of the economy of the surrounding region of Russia. In this case, the main guidelines will be:

1. The specificity of the regions’ work in the current Russian structural, investment, financial, social, and foreign economic policies;
2. It is important to transfer low-level reforms to the regional level, especially in small businesses, the social sphere, environmental protection and the recovery of natural resources;
3. decentralization of reform management processes, activation of economic activity in localities;
4. The need to develop social reform programs in regions with particularly like-minded minds.

Thus, it is expected that in the future, with the development of market stalls, it will be possible to see five rural districts of Russia:

5. Farming regions with significant private power - the main part of the Non-Black Earth zone, agricultural regions of the flooded part of Skhidny Siberia and Far East;
6. Regions where great collective dominions are united with farmers - the Black Earth Center, the Volga region, the frontiers of the Southern Caucasus, the Southern Urals, the western Siberia;
7. Georgian regions – republics of the Upper Caucasus, Altai Republic;
8. Regions of wetland-pastoral animal production – Kalmikia, Tuva, Buryatia, Chita region;
9. Poorly developed territory with moderate development of agriculture and a special regime of land farming - this is the main part of the Pivnochi zone

The most radical agrarian changes are occurring in regions of the first type. There is a need to accelerate the development of farming states for the sake of additional government investments and subsidies, as well as the resettlement of the economically active population from this region - demobilized military servicemen, the Russian population from the region of the new border, as well as migrants from the region.

Particularly affected are regions of new development with extreme minds - the Pivnochi zone, as well as regions with structural unemployment, agricultural overpopulation (for example, the Pivnichny Caucasus) and territories with weak financial and economic conditions. Its base is Transbaikalia, Tuva, Kalmikia, Dagestan. These regions are supported by republican federal funds.

The most important tasks in the hour of economic reforms in Russia are to support the process of sovereignization of national-power and autonomous institutions of the Russian Federation. Within the framework of the Federal Treaty, the achievement and value of international relations, trust and partnership of peoples, the elimination of the causes of conflicts and ethnic conflicts, the promotion of priority and equality of minds for representatives of different nationalities ties, elimination of possible imbalances, alignment of equal development.