Battleship Tirpitz – healing of hope. The death of the Tirpitz is inglorious. Who torpedoed the Tirpitz

On this day, the 12th of leaf fall, 1944, during the hour of Another Light War, the British aviation near the Arctic sank the largest fascist battleship “Tirpitz”

This line ship with a total water capacity of 56,000 tons (depth - 251 meters, width - 36 meters) has a weight of 380 mm and a dozen 150 mm harmats, can develop a maximum speed of 30.8 knots, range Yogo swimming added up nine. The “King of the Oceans” carried six Arado-196 seaplanes on board, with a crew of 2,340 people.

In early 1936, at the shipyards of Hamburg and Wilhelmshaven, the Bismarck and the Tirpitz were laid down - the largest warships that were in Germany. Although it was officially stated that the water capacity of the new battleships was 35 thousand tons, in reality this value was exceeded and not for the second time!

Structurally, "Bismarck" repeats "Scharnhorst" in many ways, fundamentally facing us directly ahead of the main caliber artillery. A 380mm harmata with a 52-caliber long barrel could fire 800kg of projectiles with a cob velocity of 820 m/s. However, due to the reduction in the maximum angle of movement to 30°, the shooting range was changed from 11 inches to 35.5 km. Moreover, this importance was respected by too many, so it seemed impossible to conduct a battle at such distances.

The armor of the Scharnhorst was increased mainly by increasing the height of the head belt and increasing the thickness of the upper belt to 145 mm. The deck armor, as well as the width of the anti-torpedo protection, became unchanged. Approximately the same can be said about the energy installation (12 Wagner boilers and 3 multi-body turbogear units). The water capacity of the armor has changed a lot (up to 40% of the water content), although it cannot be called insufficient, but the relationship between protection and armor has become more balanced.

However, such giants as “Bismarck” and “Tirpitz” could not satisfy the Fuhrer’s ambitions, which are growing.

On the right, during the winter of 1938 - 39, Raeder presented Hitler with two plans for the development of the fleet: the first would include submarine ships and battleships, whose guilt would bring to a halt the enemy’s trade; Therefore, with another option, a not very significant one was created, except for Volodiv, including a great striking force of the fleet, which would be able to destroy the trade of the enemy and the strength of his military fleet.

Hitler confirmed another version of the plan, declaring that until 1946 the fleet would not be needed to achieve his political goals.

It is clear that Raeder’s idea of ​​striking at trade would disturb the enemy’s fleet and center him before the plan was solidified, and then, having lost his part with the most important forces, the rice of theoretical development began to swell. Conceptually, this idea echoes the plans for the High Seas Fleet ahead of the First Light War. Todi didn’t lie to herself.

Let's turn, however, to the design and life of important artillery ships, which the Viconati praised plan "Z".

In any conflict with the Royal Navy, the key factors were the range, speed and strength of the ships. By 1937, when design work began on these ships, the German Naval Headquarters began working on them:

standard water capacity is over 50,000 tons
built: 8406mm. harmat u chotirioh vezha, 16 150mm. harmat for paired vezhas, 105mm. ammunition at the new “anti-aircraft” towers (special closed installations), 37mm. anti-aircraft guns, including two “special anti-aircraft guns”, 4 hydroplanes, 6,533 mm. torpedo tubes
Speed ​​30 knots
cruising range 16,000 miles at 19 knots speed
zahist: Armored citadel, which has a beam of 406mm. shells from normal combat distances, the PTZ can defeat the bulge of a torpedo with a 250 kg TNT warhead.

Through the additional benefits of Hitler, growing dimensions and military intelligence, Project H went through five different stages. Within the framework of our research, we focus only on the first stage - the H39 project.
On June 18, 1939, in an unprecedented attack on the Third Reich, Hitler gave the fleet the necessary re-importance for the expansion of his shipbuilding program. The shipyard only has enough space to build new battleships. Therefore, two battleships ("N" and "M") were built at the shipyard "Blom und Voss" near Gamburzi, two ("J" and "N") - at the shipyard of the concern "Dechimag" near Bremen, one ("L") – at the state shipyard near Wilhelmshaven and ostanniy (“K”) – at the Deutsche Vijalo shipyard near Kili. Undeterred by long periods of sleep at these shipyards, the hulls of ships that went beyond their boundaries were planned to be supported by capitals. On the first 15 June 1939, the keel of the battleship "N" was laid down, then on the 1st spring - "J" and on the 15th spring - "K", and when the war began, it stopped all everyday life. In a different scenario, it is possible that with the established priority, this ship would have been able to be sold for the six-term term.

In his other battle with Raeder in 1939, with the development of new designs of warships, Hitler pointed out that the new German ship was guilty of more severe attacks and defenses, the lower rival of the British fleet i.

If Raeder respected Hitler that the German fleet would not be ready for battle with the Royal Navy until 1945, Hitler sang that for the victory of political commands, to stand before Germany, the fleet would not be needed until 1948. Without any consultation with Raeder, Hitler terminated the Anglo-German maritime treaty of 1935 on the 28th quarter of 1939. Having stated that the ship's planned life program may follow the plan, the ships with the United Kingdom will be supported on an amicable basis.

Let's turn around to the N-type battleship.

At the initial stage of the project, the robots developed a variety of capabilities up to the size of the ship and its main caliber. Hitler wants to make his new battlefields the most powerful in the world. As early as 1934, robots began to rise above 406mm. projectiles, for which a whole series of tests, firing tests and other similar approaches were carried out. Until 1939, they produced all these similar barrels, since the Krupp company was interested in designs for 380 and 283 mm. ammunition for ships of the Bismarck and Scharnhorst types. After the signing of the pact with the Radyansky Union on mutual non-aggression in 1939, sixteen more 380mm barrels were added. The equipment and spare parts must be supplied to the SRSR. As a result, despite the pressure of Hitler, who had fired large projectiles, the Germans decided to opt for the “N” project on the 406mm caliber, which was lost on the rebuilt project in 1940.

Another more important decision was the cruising range and type of power plant. Since Great Britain was now considered a potential enemy, voyage range became a major factor, especially due to the presence of bases in the oceans in Germany and the difficulty of crossing into the Atlantic. In order to achieve this, significant priority was given to diesel units. Despite the low wastage of heat, the diesel unit has little advantage, so that with its help it was possible to switch from economical running to a new one for the treatment of illness, just like ships with steam turbines at a cost of at least 20 units. The fuel supply was insured for a 1000-year operation of diesel engines at a ship speed of 19 knots.

Wanting the "N" project to have greater water capacity of the lower "Bismarck" and "Tirpitz", the German designers lost faith in the principle of placing the projectile of the main caliber in several double-brow walls. For the Supreme Military Sea Command, the benefits of such expansion were obvious in anticipation of the end of the World War. Three and four-armed men were respected by the ungrateful.

At the beginning of the work on the advanced project, any proposals to force the middle artillery in the equal with the types “Bismarck” and “Scharnhorst” were launched through the marriage of the place near the nadbudov, which did not allow the date of the additional phases of normal obstruction lu. It was difficult to find room in the hull for additional ammunition supplies, since the diesel power plant required more space, and the lower steam turbine also required more pressure. Moreover, the fact that hydroplanes meant that there was plenty of space for aircraft hangars and facilities for landing operations. Due to the impossibility of combining all the inlet and exhaust pipes of 12 head diesel engines and 12 diesel generators into one pipe, it was possible to switch to a two-pipe version. The presence of two pipes and a large number of boats did not allow the flight hangar and catapults to stagnate in the middle part of the ship, as on the Bismarck type. All this possession had a chance to be transferred between another pipe and the “C” pot. If the German designers stuck to the triharmonic turrets of the head caliber, they would have had more flexibility to accommodate aircraft equipment and additional 150mm turrets. sniary

In the spring of 1939, the project was filled with characteristics presented in the table. Vimogs in width and sieges have been able to enclose a total water capacity of 63,596 tons.

Design characteristics of the battleship - spring 1939:
Total water capacity 65.592 tons
The width of the waterline at the design waterline is 37.00 m.
Fallfall with full rotation is 11.02 m.
Ozbroennya: 8 scale 406 mm. /50cal. (4 2 garmatnyh vezhi), 12 garmatnyh 150 mm. /55cal. (6 2 harmant vezhas), 16 harmat 105 mm. /65cal. (8 paired special anti-aircraft guns with closed installations), 16 harmats 37mm. /83cal. (8 twins, of which 2 are closed armored and 6 are behind shields), 32 anti-aircraft 20mm. Automatic, 6,533mm. underwater torpedo vehicles, 4 hydroplanes "Arado196".
Speed ​​34 knots
The tension on the shafts in normal mode is 147.950 hp
Paliv reserve 9.839 tons
Sailing range 16,000 miles at 19 knots
Zachist: 150 mm. - Upper belt, 300 mm. - Head (lower) belt, 100 mm. - Lower armored deck, 50 mm. - upper deck.

Through numerical changes and changes in the thoughts of the members of the GKM, project work became increasingly visible and Hitler began to show impatience. To avoid further delays, Admiral Raeder made it necessary to recognize the person personally responsible for the project. By order of 27 September 1939, fate was created

“Special group of new designs” of 15 individuals, selected by Admiral Werner Fuchs. Since all the power supply for the ships needed to be taken from the Blohm und Voss shipyard near Hamburg, Admiral Fuchs again moved his headquarters there. On June 15, 1939, after the completion of the design work, the testing of the model in the research basin of Hamburg was completed and most of the steel and armor needed for the hull had been prepared, and the keel was laid at this shipyard. nkora "N".

In addition to the battleships at the front-line rocks in Nimechchyna, battlecruisers were also planned before the war. The most suitable type of project is type “O”.

Tactical and technical characteristics of the "O" type battle cruiser:
Total water capacity: 35,700 tons
Dimensions: 248.15x30x8.8 m.
Ozbroennya: 6 harmat 380/52, 6 harmat 150/48, 8 harmat 105/65, 8 harmat 37/83; 8 - 20 20mm automatic weapons, 12533mm deck-mounted TA, 4 Arado 196 hydraulic jets, 1 catapult.
Armor, mm: top belt 90, head belt 190 (nose 60); upper deck 30, lower deck: at the middle part 60, along the sides 80 (slopes); bashti GK (lob/stіni/til/dah) 220/180/180/50, barbeti GK 180 (feeder part of the barbet “C” 80), bashti SK (skriz) 14; conning tower: (walls/dah/podloga) 200/80/30, well link 80 mm.
Mechanisms: 4 thin-tube boilers of a high pressure “Wagner” system (working pressure 55 atm., steam temperature 460, 1 TZA of the “Brown Boveri” system (single-stage gearbox), 8 head 24-cylinder 2-stroke MAN diesel engines; tension on shafts 17513 6.
Maximum speed 335 knots; cruising range is 14,000 miles at 19 knots.

Lineal cruisers of the "O" type had a small heavy-duty main caliber, an emergency power plant with great power, and weak armor made them obsolete even before the dawn of life. The prevalence of horizontal protection became even more common at the time when the rain of air bombs and shells that fell under the great swell when firing from long distances increased, causing ships to overflow into the world. fire of important harmata and, without any doubt, they could not be victorious in combat lines. The recent selection of the main indicators was based on the concept that it would have reached the place of fate 25 years ago. Obviously, the responsibility for the decision to make such battle cruisers rests entirely with Hitler, who is the first heavyweight to the great ships. They have a terrible enemy for the escort forces of the allied convoys to Europe. But the Germans themselves valued the cruisers “O”, “P” and “Q” absolutely not far behind the concept. In professional circles, this project was known under the name Ohne Panzer Quatsch - armorless nonsense. At that very hour, a lower guard than all other German ships was being designed. The additional supply of water and hull material in the empty side frames often compensated for the weakness of the armor and PTZ and became a positive outcome for the German military ship.

The medical correctness of the decision to vikorystovat on the basis of the great caliber, it is clear that the middle and anti-aircraft armor was clearly insufficient. Installing universal batteries would significantly protect the battery and protect the fire. Unfortunately, the German industry was never able to master the production of flammable universal armor, as a result of which the entire project of theirs, and not just a few of their ships, suffered.

The absence of aircraft carriers in the German fleet resulted from an incorrect assessment of the pilot as an official of the war at sea. Another world war showed that the life of any great artillery ship at the time of the aircraft carriers was a mercy. There was a particular demand for ships such as the “O” type, which were morally outdated, small in size and high in performance with weak air defense capabilities. It is clear that the O-type cruisers were quickly taken out of trouble and solved the loss of aviation.

The war, which had broken down, changed the plans of the Nazis. The program for the life of surface ships happened to burn out, and in the spring of 1939, Hitler was able to confront 22 British and French battleships and battlecruisers smaller than the 11-inch Scharnhorst and Gneisenau "("kishenkovі linkori" is not covered by insurance).

Thus, the only full-fledged battleships in the warehouse of the German Navy were two ships of the Bismarck type. It should be noted that in maritime historical literature, the Bismarck and the Tirpitz are often called among the world's most important battleships. There are many reasons for this. First of all, that’s what Nazi propaganda said. In another way, the British played along with them in order to justify the ever-more successful actions of their fleet, which is overwhelmingly superior in strength. Thirdly, the rating of “Bismarck” was greatly increased by the sudden death of “Hood”. Apart from their counterparts, the Germans were no better off for a long time. Armor, armor and anti-torpedo protection were offered to both “Richelieu”, “Litorio”, and “South Dakota”, not even mentioning “Yamato”. The weak points of the “Germans” were the lack of energy, “non-universality” of the 150mm artillery, and underdeveloped radar capabilities. As for “Scharnhorst”, he criticizes again, but it’s still not entirely fair. Although they are also short-lived, the “Bismarck” (before which initially had unimportant seamanship, which caused the bow part of the hull to overwhelm), but, of course, smaller dimensions, meets the criterion of “variety efficiency” And it deserves a nasty assessment. Before that, there is a need to believe that there is another project in the world (after “Dunkirk”) of a fast-moving battleship, which is an hour ahead of its tough “brothers behind the class.” And if "Scharnhorst" managed to refurbish six 380mm guns, then they could become even more interested in a distant battle cruiser, which would outperform the British "Repulse" in all respects.

And now, in our opinion, it is necessary to determine what kind of ships the important German artillery ships were. The connections between the projects of the Deutschland and Gneisenau types, which were the culprits of trade, even with specific rice, are clearly visible. Scharnhorst and Gneisenau, by their actions, proved that they were raiders, unsuitable for artillery battles with enemy battleships. If you want, you can keep track of the enemy's important artillery ships - with the Dunkirk, the German battlecruisers could still compete on equal terms.

Although the Gneisenau can very often be called a raider, it is still more of a cruiser, less of a battleship, with a pair of Bismarck type on the right side. The concept of cruising war did not concern anyone, the plan adopted by Hitler at the beginning of 1939 was still respected, except for the decisive battle with the forces of the enemy fleet in communications. And if you know that the core of the fleet is tight, if not small, then it becomes clear that you should not be surprised by the performance characteristics and the history of the battle stagnation of the Bismarck and the Tirpitz, which were the two remaining battleships of the Third Reich. Among the Germans, during the period between the World Wars, battleships transformed into great cruisers, into raiders, into small-scale trade, and to conduct battles on equal terms with any enemy.

Therefore, turning to the beginning of this paragraph, it seems to us entirely pre-literal in the name of another name: “The progressive evolution of the German raider”, without specifying the class of this ship, because all the stinks, united in spirit, massacre for class Ikatsiyu – from an important cruiser to a battleship, including class of battlecruisers (with a lot of intelligence).

The battleship "Tirpitz" is another battleship that entered the warehouse of the military-naval forces of the Third Reich. This is a Bismarck-class battleship. This battleship practically did not take part in combat operations, but its presence significantly threatened the convoys in Norway for the Soviet Socialist Republic, and until all this time, it would deprive the greedy fist of enough strength for the English fleet. The battleship "Tirpitz" was trying to be lost for a long time, but success came only in the fall of leaves in 1944, when it was attacked with powerful "Tallboy" class bombs from the wind.

The battleship "Tirpits" was launched near the capital in 1939. The names of the ships are in honor of the founder of the current fleet of Nimecchini - Admiral Alfred von Tirpitz. Initially, "Tirpits" was planned to be used as a raider, which would attack merchant ships and enemy caravans on the Atlantic Ocean. However, coming from the share of the ship "Bismarck", Hitler had a chance to become disillusioned with the capabilities of the fleet over the water, and therefore the ship "Tirpitz" rarely stopped working.

At the beginning of 1942, the ship "Tirpitz" was dispatched to the waters of Norway to carry out a "water battle" on the Russian convoys to carry out a counter-operation, organized around the time of the Great Patriotic War. Commando of the British Islands of Vaugsey. In addition, the ship Tirpits was located and almost the entire VVV was seen. But, apparently, the mere presence of the ship "Tirpitz" shackled the great naval forces of the British fleet with a slimy lance. In other words, the fleet of Great Britain took care of a possible threat from the side of the battleship and steadily carried out operations to reduce that battleship. As many as 14 such operations were carried out, and the battleship “Tirpits” itself carried out only three offensive operations. As a result of these operations, the military ship "Tirpitz" was sunk by the British fleet on November 12, 1944 in Tromso during an air attack, which was loaded with 5-ton Tolboy bombs.

Once the war was over, the parts from the ship were broken and sold directly to the city by a company from Norway. Almost the entire ship was cut into pieces and taken away. During the flooding, a significant part of the bow of the ship "Tirpitz" was lost.

In the history of another world war, the fighting interaction between the regions - a participant in the anti-Hitler coalition sits in a special place. Not all episodes of this spy warfare are known to the general public, after the sinking of the largest ship in the German fleet.

1943 r. The command of the British Royal Navy, as before, is afraid of strikes by the Kriegsmarine at night - where the routes of the famous Arctic convoys pass, which deliver armor, military equipment, ammunition, food and plenty to the USSR nope. Finally, in London, they learn that the Germans are preparing a large-scale operation involving battleships, including the largest of them, the Tyrpitz.

Poshkodzheniy, but still not safe

"Tirpitz" may not have deprived the base of Norway occupied by the Wehrmacht, but Hitler feared for the share of the battleship after the death of the same type "Bismarck". Proteus represented the smallest potential threat to the allied Arctic convoys, limiting the significant strength of the British Navy.

The English tried not to roll their eyes at “Tirpitz”. For home ownership with the Radyansky kerivnitstvo, the 543rd air reconnaissance flight of the Royal Air Forces flew to the Vaenga-1 airfield, located near Murmansk - 275 kilometers beyond the Polar Stake - three “photospotfires”, as and were piloted by Major Robinson and Lieutenant Dinant. The pilots were closely aligned with the British military mission near Polyarny. Through it, the stinks were removed from the mines and for exploration for the benefit of the Pivnichnogo fleet. From spring until the fall of the leaves in 1943, the Lankans launched 50 flights over the main military-naval bases of the Germans near northern Norway.

Before the speech, the “competent authorities” repeatedly informed the commander of the Airborne Fleet, Admiral Arseniy Golovko, that the British were photographing the Radian territory. However, the headquarters of the Northern Fleet is not in contact with the allies.

In order to get the "Tirpitz" out of harm's way, the British planned an attack on the small submarines. The operation was successful. On June 22, 1943, the ship suffered serious damage as a result of mini-submarines drying up their fuel charges. The armored giant was put into repairs, which were completed in the spring of 1944.

At the end of the fall of 1943, the flights of the British air force were transferred to the 118th Reconnaissance Regiment of the Airborne Forces Fleet. The English pilots turned to Fatherlandism. However, after four months, Lieutenant Dixon needed to fly to Waeng again.

Zapobizhni nalyoti

1944 r_k. A large-scale offensive of the Red Army on the Skhidny Front for new supplies. Around the time of the landing of the visiting allies at Normandy, a large number of ships were transferred to transport goods from the USSR. In reality, this task would have been completed in stages: first, the maximum amount of everything necessary for the Radian troops would be transferred to Murmansk and Arkhangelsk, and then they would begin the trial in the landing operation in Europe. When this decision was made, there was an increase in the flow of air during daylight hours.

Also, from now until the beginning of 1944, the largest caravans of the entire war were destroyed along the snow route (the advancing convoy headed for Russia only in the middle of the sickle). However, the British Admiralty was not unreasonably afraid that the stench would not appear to the Kriegsmarine, and even the repair of the Tyrpitz was nearing completion. In London they once again tried to destroy the battleship with a blow from the wind.

In the spring of 1944, to activate surveillance of the Tirpitz, the reconnaissance Spitfires were again transferred to Vaeng-1. Major Furnis, Lieutenant Sirg and the already familiar Lieutenant Dixon regularly supplied the English mission and the headquarters of the Air Fleet with the information they received. And just before the hour of the air attack, the lead ship of the German Navy was taken out of trouble for four months.

Towards the end of the grass, the British pilots were called home, and their vehicles, as in the forward attack, took away our 118th Air Regiment.

In Lipna and Sickle in 1944, the supremely armored monster of the Third Reich, still alive, was attacked by English planes from “floating airfields”. No success. In response to these misfortunes at Veresna in London, a new, well-thought-out operation was launched to sink the Tirpitz. Vaughn took away the name "Paravane".

Heading to Arkhangelsk

The plan was conveyed as follows: the British important Lancaster bombers would fly to the Radian air bases, take off, head to Norway and drop heavy bombs “Tallboy” of British design onto the German battleship engineer Barnes Wallis. A blow from this, directly behind the British plan, would become a further disadvantage for the enemy.

To participate in the operation, the finest squadrons of the Royal Airborne Forces were selected: the 9th squadron of Lieutenant Colonel Basin, which carried out the first attacks on Berlin, and the 617th squadron, pilots of which The hydraulic spores on the Rhine were called dam drainers. They were commanded by Lieutenant Colonel Tate, three recipients of the Order of Military Merit - one of the most honored cities in Great Britain. After the accident, Colonel McMullen.

The crews did not have a single pilot, who had flown over Nimechchina less than 60 times. All the pilots are small and have special desires. London had no doubt: the attack was doomed to success.

On June 11, 1944, at about 21.00, from the Luzimaut airfield, we rose into the sky for 41 flights, heading for Arkhangelsk. Ten years later, the representative of the British mission, Captain Walker, informed the command of the White Sea Flotilla about the flight of the united Lancaster.

To resettle the English, an old steamboat, Ivan Kalyaev, was driven to the Yagidnik airfield near Arkhangelsk. (I will respect in the arms: the ship bore the name of the Socialist-Revolutionary terrorist, who killed the Grand Duke Sergius Oleksandrovich in 1905 - the uncle of Emperor Mikoly II. And ... a relative of the British royal Budinka. But they didn’t think about such a “trash house” in Moscow. In London and It’s similar to her, they decided not to lose respect.) On the birch there were two great dugouts for 50 people. When it became clear that instead of the recovered thirty aircraft, over forty more would arrive with passengers (334 individuals in total), they dug up and cleaned out a couple more dugouts. They installed a radio and installed a telephone. At the disposal of guests from Foggy Albion, they saw two boats for connecting with the place and two single-engine aircraft.

On the 12th of Wednesday, at about 6.00, the first “Lancaster” of Captain Pryer appeared over Yagidnik. Not responding to the greeting after landing, the pilot rushed to the radio station. Through bad weather, or even worse - through the inconsistency of the frequencies of the positive radio beacons and the English radio receivers, the Lancaster landed blindly, without adjustment. Why, from 41 flights to Yagidnik, there were only 31 bombers, and 10 vehicles ended up in other places. Fortunately, none of the pilots were seriously injured, but all the pilots required minor repairs.

The worst thing happened to Lieutenant Kili’s crew, having sunk the village of Talagi near the swamp. A parachutist-guide happened to be dropped here, who led the pilots to the river, watching them evacuate the seaplane. Several “Lancasters” flew independently to Yagidnik in just a few years. Six cars were in disrepair at the landing site.

Operation Paravan

The Radian aviators denied the opportunity to get to know the finest pilots and bombers of the Received Kingdom. "Lancaster" deserved high praise. Kozhen, who looked around the aircraft, sent a report to the headquarters of the aviation fleet. Particular attention was paid to the aim and modernization of the astrograph, which automatically calculates the coordinates of the vehicle’s location, including them on the swimmer, which self-destructs, and the navigator’s map.

Two locators, as well as the hatch on the right side of the bow cabin, did not disappear from the eyes of our guards. It has become clear what the purpose of discarding the foil is, which neutralizes the impact of the enemy locator. In a word, the veteran pilots and engineers have discovered a lot of good things for themselves.

Preparing for the operation, the commanders of the British squadrons, together with the Radyan staff officers, began to clarify the route. The crews waited.

On June 15, 1944, at about 4.37 a.m., Captain Watson's Mosquito flew to reconnoiter the weather in the snowy area. The sky was clear over Kaafjord. They learned about it on Yahidnika, and 28 Lancasters took off near the wind. Among the pilots there was a feeling of depression.

At about 10:00 the planes set off on course. On board are 21 heavy-duty Tolboys and 72 two-hundred-kilogram bombs. At about 13.57 we went to the meta. The anti-aircraft guns were moving. Unbelievably, one of the cars, which was flying left-handed in front of the flagship Lancaster, fell out of favor and rushed towards Tirpitz. The order behind the earth will be destroyed. Leading Lieutenant Colonel Tate was alarmed by the story of bombers on another colo. Raptovo did not give in to the blow. The enemy was cut off two hulks in order to put up Dimov's dependencies. On another approach, they dropped bombs as luck would have it.

On April 14, the planes crashed into the Yagidnik airfield and landed in three years. There was only one car in England, in which there were military correspondents who followed the progress of the day.

Later it became clear: as a result of one of the bombs, a hole measuring 10 by 14 meters was made in the shell of the battleship, and water began to rush out of it. Based on the intelligence information that was found from Norway, as well as photographs of aerial reconnaissance, the fakers indicated that the renovation of the Tyrpitz will take at least nine months.

In this manner, Operation Paravan was successfully completed. The "King of the Oceans" was brought out of order. For the high level of organization of the safety of the British squadrons, the commander of the White Sea Flotilla, Vice Admiral Yuriy Panteleev, and two other Radyan officers were awarded English orders.

The last blow

The Allied fighters deprived Arkhangelsk in groups. The pilots of the Royal Airborne Forces said goodbye to Russia with almost a wicker binding. The crews who were stranded spent an hour on local excursions, and in the evenings dancing in the airfield club and watching Radian films. Dekhto tried to keep an eye on the Russian girls, what the special people secretly found out about.

On the 27th of Sunday at 22.00 there was a local ceremony of farewell to the English, who were the rest. Six emergency "Lancasters" were transferred free of charge to the Radian side. Two repaired aircraft served in the Airborne Forces Fleet. Their design and equipment were carefully preserved. Later, these data became useful in the creation of strategic aviation of the USSR.

Well, what about the share of “Tirpitz”?

On November 12, 1944, 32 Lancasters, still the same 9 and 617 squadrons, took off from the territory of Great Britain and flew to the north of Norway. Here, at the bay near the port city of Tromso, the German battleship was based. In order for the pilots to be able to reach the target of attack, withstand the impact and turn back, additional tanks were installed on them and the upper turret was removed.

During the operation, three Tolboy bombs hit the target, and two exploded next to the battleship. The strongest vibration destroyed one of the ship’s main walls. It went uphill and sank. Of the 1,700 crew members who were on the Tirpitz at that moment, thousands of people died, including the commander, Captain Zur See (Captain 1st Rank) Robert Weber.

Attack of the German battleship "Tirpitz" by the Radian submarine "K-21" 5 June 1942 This is one of the most controversial episodes in the history of the Radian Navy during the Great Vietnamese War. The essence of the discussion comes down to nutrition: having attacked the commander of K-21, captain 3rd rank N.A. Lunin "Tirpits" with a torpedo. With the light hand of the marine painter V.S. As an evidence base, there are various indirect statements about the innocence of the German sailors when maintaining combat documentation - even if the fact of torpedoing is unacceptable, the torpedo will be categorically denied. Let’s try, abstracting from the “political” world, analyze the “K-21” attack from the perspective of tactics and technology.

"K-21" began service with the Naval Fleet on September 10, 1941. At the beginning of the war, their crew did not undergo a formal combat training course, being surrounded by buildings other than those entering the KPL-41 submarine training course. From November 7, 1941 to January 28, 1942, under the command of Lieutenant-Captain A.A. The beetle submarine carried out two combat campaigns on enemy communications to save Northern Norway, during which it carried out 8 combat missions, killing 4 torpedoes and 1 artillery attack, 2 m In other productions, having sunk a Norwegian motorboat with artillery fire, Tim no less, the actions of the submarine commander the command was assessed as unsatisfactory, as a result of which the new commander on 4.3.1942 was awarded Hero of the Radyansky Union (the title was awarded by decree of 3.4.1942 for the successful command of “Shch-421”) Captain 3rd rank N.A. Lunin. Under his command in the spring of 1942. “K-21” carried out 1 combat campaign (today, 1 unsuccessful torpedo attack was launched) and 1 campaign to provide assistance to the submarine ship “Shch-402”.

18.6.1942 “K-21” left the fourth combat campaign for operations on German communications near the Vardo area. In France on the 19th, the submarine became aware of the raptor attacks of the hostile hydrolitak. As a result of the nearby explosions of the bombs he dropped, the damaged main of the waste tank and the Kingston liquid tank were damaged. After about an hour of swimming under the water, the differentiation of the underwater area was gradually destroyed. On the 28th, in accordance with the plan to cover the allied convoy PQ-17, “K-21” took a position on the seashore near the island of Rolwe. Behind the charge of a single discovery on the 1st day, there were no other contacts with the enemy in the new position.

ON THE. Lunin

About 16.22 5 linden, when “K-21” was in a submerged position, the hydroacoustic on the nose detected unclear noises. Having set a course for the dzherelo noise, the shift officer at about 17.00 spotted at the periscope the cabin of the enemy’s “underwater ship”, which, as the guard showed, was the site of one of the two destroyers of the lead guard of the German squadron. Immediately after the discovery of the “submarine,” Lunin took charge of the ship and launched a torpedo attack.

According to German documents, at the time of discovery the squadron was heading 30° west of the 24th Vulture. The great ships were in front, to the right, "Admiral Hipper", "Tirpitz", "Admiral Scheer". In front of them, one destroyer and two destroyers crashed along the front line, each forming an irregular zigzag. The PLO order was obtained using the float hydraulic jet Non-115.

Battleship "Tirpits"

The torpedo attack was complicated by the following factors:

• Vinyatkovo with good minds of visibility and small (2-3 points) praises, with which the breaker from the raised periscope can be seen from a great distance;
• A close approach to the beginning of the attack of two destroyers and an underwater vessel at a distance of 20-50 kbt;
• The commander of “K-21” (as well as any other commander of the Radian submarine fleet) is aware of the attack on targets that are rapidly collapsing, with strong defense;
• Neznannyam N.A. Let us look at the useful capabilities of German hydroacoustic equipment and the anti-tank armor, and the battles that have fallen, as a legacy, for the share of the ship and crew.

It was all difficult to use the periscope for short periods of time, which made it possible to organize sufficient caution around the area. It is clearly confirmed by these facts that one of the three great German ships (perhaps the furthest away from the K-21, the Scheer), went on throughout the entire attack without ever being seen, and the other, the Xi per”, navpaki, buv recognition yak "Sheer".

"Tirpitz", "Hipper" and destroyers in Altenfjord

Mentally, the K-21 attack can be divided into five phases:

1. 17.00–17.18. Maneuvering to attack the defense destroyer. The phase ended with the discovery of the goldfinches of the great warships.
2. 17.18-17.36. The submarine embarks on the general course of the squadron to attack with its bows on the port side of the water. The phase ended with the discovery of a change in the squadron's course from 60° to a course of 330° (the values ​​of the headings will be set with certainty until Lunin is informed; the change in course is not confirmed by German materials). The incorrect results of these precautions led to the fact that the underwater vessel had a chance to fire a salvo from an almost invisible position - from the stern torpedo tubes on courses that were about to diverge.
3. 17.36–17.50. The K-21 set off on the squadron’s “new” general course to attack with bow craft on the starboard side of the snow. The phase ended with the announcement that the squadron had “changed course” from 330° to the old course of 60°. As a result of the alert at 17.50, Lunin noticed that Choven appeared in the distance directly behind the course "Tirpitz" (course point 5-7 on the port side) at a distance of 35-40 kbt. An attack with nasal devices is impossible.
4. 17.50–18.01. Exit of the submarine on the course "Tirpitz" to attack with stern devices from the left side of the mark. At about 17.55, the K-21 broke through the squadron’s forward defense line. The phase ended with a torpedo salvo.
5. 18.01–19.05. Exit from the attack - heading towards the squadron on a counter course at a depth of 30 m.

Scheme of the Tirpitz attack K-21 behind Yuan

The torpedo salvo deserves special credit. According to Lunina's reports, the ships were vibrating from all four aft torpedo tubes at a distance of 18-20 kbt, with a time interval of 4 seconds, with a lead angle of 28 °, vugilla sustrich - 100°. The speed of the snow was 22 knots, and the reference course was 60°. It is clear from German materials that at the time of the attack the squadron was sailing 24 knots at a heading of 90°. Such a significant loss of the designated elements of the Rukh Meti (EDC) was explained by corporal factors, as well as by this situation, that after just a short hour of lifting the periscope, the EDC was appointed by the commander of “K-21” nearby. The volley shot at the same hour interval ensured the suppression of losses in the designated unit only in these cases, as long as the reduction in the designated rate did not exceed 10°, and in the designated speed – 2 knots. The track should be marked and those that are consistent with the entire table for Lunin, the track should be shot at an interval of not 4, but 14 seconds. Having chosen a smaller interval, the commander, perhaps, trying to speed up the hour of being on the combat course and moving to the depths.

Scheme of the "Tirpitz" K-21 attack according to Omelyanov

Another negative aspect was the great distance, from which the underwater fire fired a salvo. Since at the moment of the salvo the ship and the battleship were approximately perpendicular to each other, and the distance was 18-20 kbt, then the torpedoes were unlikely to travel close to 18.5-19 kbt. In fact, through a rough comparison with the values ​​of the true course, the K-21 and Tirpitz met courses that diverged, and where the sustriches were inclined not 100, but close to 130°. With this, the torpedoes needed to travel close to 23.8 kbt. The maximum range of torpedoes 53-38 with the setting of the mode, such as shooting chauvin, became 4000 m (21.6 kbt). The shooting from such a distance became a direct legacy of the wrong choice of combat course, which was explained by the haste with which Lunin had to change the decision to attack about 17.50-17.53. Following the instructions introduced by the Navy PC No. 0219 dated March 10, 1942, “Rules for firing torpedoes from underwater ships”, firing from a distance of 16-20 kbt on a ship that is collapsing, when there are swells and over 90°. There is no doubt that in Lunin’s situation there would be any chance that there would be any chance, but the commander’s agility alone is not enough to ensure the success of the attack.

Scheme of the "Tirpitsya" K-21 attack outside Morozov.

In sum, all the mistakes and thefts could not but lead to a negative result - the K-21 torpedoes sank, having passed the border distance without changing the course. Those vibrations, which were heard on April 18, were probably the result of the firing of torpedo strikers when they hit the rocky bottom after passing the border distance, and at about 18.30 - the vibrations of clay bombs of German destroyers, skies worried about a British submarine that had been spotted before the attack. Coming directly from the fluidity of the German squadron, it can be confirmed that the vibrations of the torpedoes on the bottom could not be recorded on the German ships by either visual or hydroacoustic monitoring. Therefore, the information about the K-21 attack was intercepted by the enemy only in the evening until the German radio reconnaissance had found the location of the transmission.

In conclusion, I would like to reiterate once again that the “K-21” attack was carried out in the clear minds of the situation by the same crew, which was prepared and released the KPL and was able to obtain military evidence. Popritse M.A. Lunin and his companions demonstrated great courage by daring to launch an attack on the largest Kriegsmarine warship, which was facing the tight defense of the army. This achievement is even more noteworthy because of the fact that no other Radian submarine force has been able to launch an attack on a warship larger than the destroyer, despite the potential feasibility until then.

Miroslav Morozov

The article was published in addition to the book by Malov A. and Patyanin S. “Battleship “Bismarck” and “Tirpitz”.
To compile the article, materials from the author and materials from the sites kbismarck.com, wiesel.wlb-stuttgart.de, uboat.net were used.

Linear ship "Tirpits". Names in honor of Grand Admiral A. von Tirpitzcreator of the German Open Sea Fleet during the First World War.
Entered in 1941

Total water capacity 52,600 tons. Maximum depth 251 m, width 36 m, draft 9.9 m, speed 30 knots.

Ozbrinnya: 380 mm Tu twonadza 150-mm Garmat, Shysnadzati 105 mm Zenitok, Schisnadzite 37-mm Tu Twennadzit 20-mm automatic, 8 torpedoes of the Aparativ (inserted in 1942 r.), 6 GIDROSAMOLA.

We created 2 units: “Bismarck” (1939) and “Tirpits” (1941). After the sinking of the battleship Bismarck, the Germans sailed "Tirpitz" very carefully. In fact, there is only one military operation in this year - a possibly unsuccessful campaign to Spitzbergen in the spring of 1942. At about the same time the longship was sailing in the Norwegian fjords.

On the 11th spring of 1943, the rock suffered a strong blow from the water: the British submarines X-6 and X-7 lifted 4 two-tonne submarines under its bottom.
Then the British aircraft carriers took over the battleship, from which, from the beginning of 1944, a flood was launched on Alten Fiord. The most distantly visible was the first raid on the 3rd quarter of 1944, in which Furies, along with five other aircraft carriers, suffered the same fate.

That day, at about 4.15 a.m., from the aircraft carriers, which were 120 miles away from the snow, the blazing Corsair escort took off, followed by the first attack wing of 21 dive bombers, the Barracuda, and then the blazing Hell. k. The appearance of this armada over the "Tirpitz" was a complete disadvantage for the German air defense forces, as they did not rise in the wind in the wind, and they did not protect against anti-aircraft fire.

When the bombers attacked the enemy battleship, blaming the fire of their machine guns and guns, they completely disorganized the naval and coastal anti-aircraft artillery. The Germans began to quickly put up the Dima curtain, but it was already late. At about 5:29 the first bombs began to explode on the deck of the battleship. Half a cloud rose to the sky, fountains of water rose.

When, a year later, another group of pilots appeared over Alten Fiord, a smoke curtain immediately surrounded the ship, and the anti-aircraft artillery, which had finished, raised a strong barrage of fire. Behind the berths of the floor on the deck of the "Tirpits", the pilots began to notice the battleship, diving from a height of 3 thousand. M, Yogo was attacked again. The bombs exploded on the aft head caliber, in the middle of the hull and on the air tank. Until the age of 8, everything was scrapped.

Of the 121 pilots who met their fate at Nalyota, only 3 died, and 40 bombs were dropped on the “Tirpits”. Having suffered serious damage, the Germans towed the ship to the Tromso area with the intention of bringing its artillery to the defense line of Northern Norway. And to ensure that it would not sink under its bottom, a majestic foundation was built from boulders.

« Tirpitz was finished off near Tromso. The honor of delivering the fatal blow to Hitler's largest battleship fell to the 24-man squadron commander of the British Airborne Forces, J. Tate. France 12 leaf fall 1944 32 important land bombers “Lancaster” suffered their injuries, just like the previously terrible “Tirpitz”. At about 9.35 German guards sounded the bombers that were approaching.

The battleship quietly (from a distance of over 11 km) fired a crooked fire with the head caliber - the stinging explosions of 380-mm shells with distance tubes made the British angry. The "Lancasters" blasted a barrage of fire, but one by one they dropped their deadly equipment - gigantic 5500-kg bombs, filled with 2.5 tons of vibrator. “Tirpitz” received 3 direct transmissions.

Before the great ruins, the hull was torn apart in several close bursts, and the battleship began to collapse rapidly on the left side. Placing stones under the bottom did not help, and by 9.50 the roll reached 60°. Through all the hills in the area of ​​the lyokhi ammunition reserves, the 3rd strong swell broke through, and then the “Tirpits” spread uphill like a keel. Thus, the final point was put in the history of the German naval ships.

Characteristics:
Dovzhina: 251 m
Width: 36 m
Water capacity: 50300 tons
Fall: 10 m
Speed: 30 knots
Range: 8 - 380 mm; 12 - 150 mm
Torpedo vehicles: 8
Anti-aircraft installations: 16 - 105 mm; 16 - 37 mm; 12 - 20 mm automatics
Litaki: 6 hydro

Add-ons:

The axle is more reliable than it seems to me
M. G. Mukhin
...major of medical service in the military service, participant in polar convoys and allied operations for the reduction of battleships
Like the battleship "Tirpitz" having finished her unhappy journey

The British Prime Minister Winston Churchill, well aware of the possible uncontested raids of the "Tirpitz" in the areas where the convoys were passing, angrily declared to the officials of the British Admiralty: "As long as this damned battleship is in service, We are becoming a constant threat to our maritime communications..."

...To seriously damage the ship - such a friend, now Churchill’s categorical demand. What was in store for your viconn?

One of the first tests was the Rapt air attack. Marno! The royal military forces spent 14 of their newest combat aircraft without damaging the battleship. “Gorishok” appeared mіtsnim.
As part of the security of the allied convoy "PQ-17" on the approaches to the main points of the Radyansky base and the British command, submarine battles flared up. One of them, “K-21”, was commanded by the current Hero of the Radyansky Union, Captain 2nd Rank Mikola Oleksandrovich Lunin.
...Late at night from 3 to 4 June 1942, reconnaissance reported to the headquarters of the Navy Fleet that a German squadron of three important ships, among them the "Tirpitz" and 7 destroyers, had sailed off the open sea from by overrunning the convoy "PQ-17". The fleet commander sent a radiogram to the commanders of the submarine forces in position, ordering them to aggressively attack the enemy. On June 5, 1942, after noon, Lunin looked at the periscope to capture the ships. The destroyers were accompanied by the "Admiral Sheer", followed by the "Tirpitz". Having made a great breakthrough at the center of the war squadron, the submarine vessel "K-21" about 18 years ago, one line, from a distance of 17-18 cables, at short intervals, firing a salvo from four aft torpedo tubes and a bucket zu p_shov on the clay. The acoustician has registered a number of vibrations. On the beginning of the 60s, author N.A. Lunin, being lecturers of the “Knowledge” Partnership in Leningrad, got together a lot. Remembering the service in the Light Fleet during the last war, the Russian Empire suddenly came in and praised the attack of the "Tirpets" by the submarine "K-21". Lunin buv streaming. Vin asserted: “... The torpedoes were sunk on target, although the nature of the damage on the battleship became unknown.

...At that hour, the “damned battleship” continued to become unsafe. They couldn’t get behind him Infiltrated the Vorozha base on June 22, 1943, specially designed and manufactured in England “dwarf submarines” or “mini-submarines”. Attached by the crews to the hull of the ship, even with a one-year-old mechanism, there was minor damage. Carrying out repairs at this time, turning the battleship to harmony. So, the Chimals were timid to fight the Tirpitz. And yet, something bad happened...
...In the fall of 1944, the British Airborne Forces planned a new raid on the battleship, which at that time was anchored in Altenfjord. Initially, it was planned to carry out this operation from bases in Great Britain. However, as a result of the compromise reached between the allies, the attack on "Tirpitz" was delivered by English bombers from the Radian military-insurgent base "Yagidnik", which was destroyed in Arkhangelsk.

In the spring of 1944, with the notification of the Radinformburo, the citizens of the SRSR learned a joyful news. British bombers sank the German battleship Tirpitz in a small Norwegian fjord near the port of Tromso. The history of the battle was not reported, but it became clear that it was not just the first attempt, the pursuit of the ship lasted for a long time and the outcome ended in success. The death of the fighting unit that bothered the allies, the Kriegsmarine brought the time of decisive victory closer and liberated the forces of the Royal Navy for operations on the territory of other naval theaters of military operations.

Sea velvet

There has never been anything like this - neither before nor since. The battleship "Tirpitz" was not the largest ship in the world, but it is important to call it small. The declared water capacity was 35 thousand. tons, but actually it exceeded 50,000. Three guints, which turns the power plant into a force of over 138 thousand. l. s., they stoked this colossus. This is a raider, or a ship, intended for following other ships and convoys within a radius of 10 thousand. miles. The liquidity exceeded 30 knots. A dozen boiler-turbine units fitted the unit's turbo gears, one per propeller. The depth of the ship is 251 meters, the width at the maximum cross-section is 36 m with a siege of 10.6 m. The crew is approximately 2100 sailors and officers. The giant battleship "Tirpitz" adhered to the doctrine of Admiral Raeder, henceforth, with any success in the naval theater of military operations, it became a priority for the surface fleet. What were the thoughts of Chancellor Adolf Hitler, who hypnotized the greatness of the dreadnought? It was clear that the Fuhrer had mercy, but it was too late.

About the name

The ship was named in honor of Alfred von Tirpitz, a prominent figure in German politics and a prominent naval quarryman. The noble title was taken away by the future rear admiral in 1900, from the 50-river city, as a result of his many works for the benefit of the native state. Vin has proven himself to be a distinguished theorist and geopolitician, having developed a plan for the reconstruction of the German Navy, which transferred, prote, its supra-world expansion. At the beginning of the First Light War, the Kriegsmarine, in addition to other ships, a small dreadnought, twenty-five cruisers, twenty battleships and several dozen submarine ships (about 2.5 times less, below The British fleet, if you want, will finish it. On the submarine itself, the author of the plan put special hopes on the plan, but rather than overhauling the current core of Germany, he was right. Ironically, the battleship "Tirpits" also did not confirm the appearance of the deceased counter-adm spoke about the future of naval forces and the nature of future battles. , that in all senses, an unfavorable leader died in 1930, before the National Socialists came to power. The fascist, unconcerned with the military transfer (for the military people and entirely natural), von Tirpitz did not c.

How "Tirpitz" appeared

If, as a result, Nimechtina was repudiated by Hitler, the Treaty of Versailles was agreed upon, then there were no ships of this class. The country has no small right to launch military vessels over 10 thousand. t. Due to such water content, cruisers are usually armed with 203 mm caliber shells. This very inaccuracy was spelled out in the agreement, and allowed the Germans to have completely atypical fighting units, which spoiled the situation. The class of “gut battleships” is characterized by low water capacity (more than 10 thousand) and high-pressure armor (6 scale caliber 280 mm). There were three of them: “Admiral Graf Spee”, “Admiral Scheer” and “Deutschland”, they were laid down in 1934, and it became clear that Hitler was not going to reach the minds of Versailles, so the water capacity of the ships exceeded production limit is 10 thousand tons, I want to leave it unimportant. In the spring of 1939, the battleship "Tirpits" began to operate. І battleship "Bismarck" as well. These were ships of the same type, they were preparing for a war that could not be fought.

Carapace "Tirpіtsya"

As the Teutonic deity reigned, the ship was wrapped in a mite shell. Its hull was protected by armor that protected the boots from more than two-thirds of its height with a thickness of 170 to 350 mm. There were two armored decks (50 and 80 mm). The edges of the boule are also covered (low 50 mm, rear 80 mm). Barbeti (zakhist vezh) 340 mm tires ensured the smoothness of the tanks under the hour of battle. Medium caliber also provides armor, including some thickness, up to 20 mm. At 5 m 40 cm, the steel sheets went below the waterline to reduce the risk of torpedo attacks. The new and largest German battleship "Tirpitz" has launched a rational and vigorous defense against all possible types of anti-ship defenses of the hour. Looking ahead, we can state that this is not at all significant.

Zbroya

Due to its fiery intensity, the battleship significantly surpassed most of its light counterparts. On several shelves, located on the bow and stern, the projectiles of the head caliber (380 mm) were mounted in pairs. In addition, the artillery was represented by additional firing points: six 150 mm guns, eight 105 mm guns, and several anti-aircraft installations (37 mm). The original frame was changed several times, which resulted in a significant level of unification of the installation dimensions.

The battleship "Tirpits" is made of aircraft and is represented by six seaplanes, which are launched from a twin ejection platform. The pilots carried out naval reconnaissance, searched for the enemy's underwater forces, and, if necessary, could attack them with clay bombs and large-caliber machine guns (as the submarine was on the surface).

Due to its armor, the ship could collide with any ship of the anti-Hitler coalition. However, the share of the battleship “Tirpits” was such that she had very little opportunity to shoot from her main caliber and especially from coastal targets.

Situation in Atlantica

In the spring of 1941, the German command reported great efforts (unsuccessful) to the naval blockade of the British Isles. Day 24 of May became a black date in the history of the Royal Navy. The battleship "Bismarck" with a blazing fire (possibly lightly) destroyed the cruiser "Hood" - the pride of the English fleet. During the battle, the German raider suffered damage that damaged its performance characteristics, as a result of which it was overtaken by the British squadron, fired at, attacked with torpedoes and sank. Having successfully accompanied the English, and after realizing the insecurity that the German battleships were becoming, stinks began to be placed before them insecurely, without any direct contact, and without ceaselessly trying to protect them.

The Germans, having spent the Bismarck, also felt a kind of stupor. For fear of wasting the remaining dreadnought, the stinks were guarded by the battleship "Tirpitz", which was lying in the Norwegian fjords. The war was created for war, and the end will inevitably come, it’s early and late.

Battleship that bothers you

After the recent and practically marching campaign on Spitsbergen (spring 1942), at the time of the artillery bombardment of the coastal part of the island and the coal mines, the raider stood idle until the Nazis occupied Norway. The British knew about this and were preparing a secret mission, which was to sink the battleship "Tirpitz". Having bothered the ship and the Radian sailors: they were working on forks that cross the passage of convoys, so that they could go with military cargo from the United States to Arkhangelsk and Murmansk. During these raids, the German ship was attacked by British aircraft and Allied submarines, but without success.

The essence of the operation planned by the British Admiralty was to sink the battleship with special underwater ships of the X-6 and X-7 type, even of small tonnage.

Operation "Title"

The plan was made without first having tried it before. For example, at the end of 1942, Operation Title entered its final phase, when two torpedoes, like submarines, were responsible for hitting the enemy ship. The tug, disguised as a trawler, delivered the shells to the minimum distance, and then they reached the mark, led by special pilots who risked life no less than the Japanese suicide bombers "Kaiten".

Near Trondheims Fjord, the boat penetrated the snake, but the operation went wrong - bad luck struck. The torpedoes were severed from the cable at a distance of less than ten miles from the battleship. The tug happened to be scuttled, the Germans soon discovered and realized that not the whole plan, then you will understand that they are thinking against the “Tirpitz”.

"Dzherelo"

In the spring of 1943, the operation, which may be called Source (“Dzherelo”), was very successful. Three mini-submarines, ranging from code X from 5 to 7, were towed by heavy submarines to the base of Tirpica (Alten Fjord). First of all, the Germans managed to find and sink two other ships: they released 2 tons of cargo under the bottom of the battleship. The results of the vibrations turned out to be disastrous for the ship, causing numerical damage. The third tower, having lost the colossal impulse, lost its time to turn around, one turbine burst from its frame, the frames were bent. They stopped using a lot of important devices for fire control and navigation. After looking around, the practical unrepairability of the ship became obvious. German technical services have spent a lot of effort and resources trying to renovate the battleship "Tirpitz". The characteristics could no longer be too great. The English didn’t know about this.

Try others

Try to achieve the largest German ship in 1944. During Operation Tungsten, naval forces were involved. The impact of the air strike against them was enough to cause further damage and death to some of the crew (123 individuals), but the end mark was not reached. A few more promotions with greedy names (“Tiger Claws”, “Talisman” and others) turned out to be less effective. The Goodwood plan was abandoned and became unsuccessful due to poor visibility in the operational area. The destruction of the Yagidnik airbase (Arkhangelsk region), as well as the storage of special five-ton Tallboy bombs, promoted the capabilities of British aviation. At that time, “Tirpitz” was actually already a stationary floating artillery battery, which occupied an insignificant position near the Norwegian city of Tromso. The ship was bombed often, and after 12 leaves fell, they finished it off. The remaining battleship "Tirpitz" was found near Hockeybotn Bay and sank there. The 1,700 team members battled for a while, and the whole thing sank to the bottom.

Luninskaya version

The events that emerged on the island of Rol in 1942 are interpreted ambiguously today. The Radyansky submarine ship "K-21" under the command of captain of the third rank M.A. Lunin tested the reduction of the great sea surface attack against torpedoes. The minds of the attacks were folded, and the effectiveness of the crew’s launches changed. The acoustics detected two vibrations, but the stench began to hit the hostile ship, and the torpedoes detonated from a hole with a rocky bottom, which is not known at all. The documents that became available to the Allied powers after the collapse of Hitlerism do not confirm the surpluses given to the German ships by the K-21 submarine. These are the dry facts.

On the right is artistic literature. The famous writer Valentin Pikul wrote about how Lunin attacked the battleship "Tirpits". According to this version, the Radian submariners themselves became a major factor in the death of the Kriegsmarine flagship.

The share of historians is the analysis of documents. This work seems tedious in many respects, but it itself provides evidence for more nutrition that was lacking in the past. For example, to ask about those who sank the Tirpits. The battleship sank to the bottom after the British air attack, this fact is undeniable. Our heroic submariners do not need other people's glory, they get their own.

Nimechchina has a good engineering mind and industry. At once the stench created a lot of brown and efficient machines and equipment. In times of war, this symbiosis would be unsafe for its potential adversary – the USSR, under the hour of the Great Patriotic War. But there were some punctures.

The actions of the monsters of the German military industry were terrible on paper and on the eye, but the practical result of their stagnation was completely gone. Until then, the battleship "Tirpits" is due. The English were afraid of him not because he had caused them significant harm, but because he had simply fallen asleep.

What will you name the yacht... Apparently, the German military sailors did not know this song of Captain Vrungel. Otherwise, they chose a different name for the super battleship. And so the history of the ship was entirely consistent with the history of the people whose names were lost.

Father to the German fleet

Admiral Alfred von Tirpitz has a strong reputation among the middle of the German military sailors. He was exalted for a specific fact of his biography: he did not lose the battle of life. There is an important reason for this - it is because everyone has to take part without taking part.

Ale merits from the admiral. Before the First World War, he actively advocated for the development and strengthening of the German fleet. The aim was to lay the edge of the English bath on the sea. Tyrpitz wanted great ships with thick armor - he believed that these floating tanks would defeat the British.

The result was revealed as follows - the British were in the naval right, and two of their own were on board the German ship.

The submarine war, whose leader was Tirpits, did not bring success either. It also called upon the enemies of the United States to launch an underwater attack on the Lusitania (whose passenger liner sank after being torpedoed by the submarine U-20. 1,198 people died).

But according to the information of the German army, the Turpins have lost the “father of the fleet” and a symbol of the impending victory over England on the water. The axis of his name was chosen for the title of the new ship.

Chancellor and Admiral

In 1935, the military forces washed two battleships before waking up. Hitler, having come to power, immediately began to ignore the minds of the Versailles world, which would limit the German military potential, and it appeared to these people, in which the Germans were truly at one with him (at the same time humble and the minds were put on edge).

It was likely that there would be ships in the region, and British dreadnoughts would be placed in place. One of them was called “Bismarck”, and the other was awarded the honor of becoming “Tirpitz”.

Things were not right with them for the first time. They all had a voyage in their life, and the English sank it (not without harm to themselves, but it’s all the same).

"Tirpits" survived until 1944, but its combat effectiveness was unmatched. The battleship's main occupation was playing with the British military. The ship repeated the admiral's share - in the last memorable battle, he did not have the chance to take his part.

Giant mislyvets behind transports

It appears that before Hitler’s rise there was a reigning gigantomania. Yogo was fascinated by the large and scary-looking devices. In truth, the giants did not justify the wasted resources on them (for example, the giant Dora gun, which was still unable to properly fire at the 30th Sevastopol battery).

The same thing happened to “Bismarck” and “Tirpitz”. But the characteristics of the ships stood out. The battleships with the best displays (the same Japanese “Yamato”) suffered the fate of the war, and the German ships were still in strength.

German postscript system

Vaughn (system) supported the ship at the design stage. Ale vona was the same one who was stuck with the Radyan bureaucrats.

To benefit the interests of the Versailles world, which limits the German military potential, the data on ships was not increased, but underestimated.

Thus, the officially declared water capacity of “Tirpitsa” is 35 thousand. tons Already, the project “for internal research” featured a display of 45.5 thousand. tons Further, the battleship’s water capacity was further increased during the reconstruction (up to 53 thousand tons), but without anyone being received, the war began.

A similar miracle happened with the new “Tirpitz” - the official main caliber was 350 mm, but I think it actually turned out that it should be 380 mm.

Technically insert the lyakalo

The "Tirpits" was launched in 1939, and before it was appointed, the British still babbled. The stench of the mala zvichku trimati against the skin of the German ship 2 of their own in stock of a similar class (in the war, not up to the dueling code). Against the battleship there was a need for battleships. But the British were not aware of the stink of a similar reserve against the Tirpitz and Bismarck.

The battleships of the "King George" series were sailing away in no great order, and then the Germans showed a really hard-working battleship. We didn’t get to the bottom of the German battleship “Tirpitz”, but it would have been enemy.

Tactical and technical characteristics (linear, armor, running, fire) of the “Tirpitsa” were not record-breaking, but rather good. Here you can simply go crazy with numbers.

1. Dimensions – 253.6 m of the backside, 15 m of the backside height (from the keel), 36 meters of the top.
2. The thickness of the armor is 145 to 320 mm, at the tops of the head caliber and the scars – 360 mm.
3. Maximum speed – over 30 knots.
4. Head caliber - 380 mm (8 mm); plus another 12 guns of 150 mm and 116 anti-aircraft guns of different calibers.
5. The autonomous navigation range is up to 16,500 km.
6. Deck aviation - aircraft "Arado" 4 pcs.

The ship was powered by 12 boilers and 3 turbines. There is a radar station and, in addition to artillery, there are torpedo launchers. In the process of operation, its number has been modernized several times; out of sight, the number of anti-aircraft installations has increased.

Already, at this point, the “Tirpitz” was planning to be used not for battles with a rival enemy, but for the pursuit of transport ships. The point of the Hitlerites was the English maritime trade, and they wanted to pin it down. The Mav ship is not considered a battleship, but a cruiser.

Its axis was sent to the Northern Sea – and safely, and with visual aid at hand (transport convoys, which were transported to the coastal ports of the USSR, possessed, collected and materials from Lend-Lease).

The obvious superiority of the British at the approach and the share of the Bismarck prompted Hitler's command to save another naval marvel.

The battleship was being prepared to receive a sinecure - Arctic convoys. The command was afraid that the Fuhrer’s favorite naval toy would become unbearable. And it was cleaned up and the sin was served.

Captains and marine rights

It is still impossible to guess about the people who were responsible for the collapse of the floating miracle. The battleship's crew currently consisted of 2,608 people, including 108 officers.

The number of commanders on the “Tirpitsa” changed during the hour the ship was in service, but all of them were in the rank of captains of the tsur-zee (according to the Russian system - captains of the 1st rank). The first battleship received by F.K. Topp in the cruel fate of 1941 (before that, he had a chance to work and test the ship).

The share of the remaining commander deserves respect. Robert Weber is well aware of the unwritten maritime law. Without losing his ship, he and the “Tirpitz” sank to the bottom. At once, 1,700 members of the team died from it; Parts of the crew began to spin.

Symbolic thunderstorm of Arctic convoys

Since 1942, the “Tirpits” has served in the Pivnichny Sea. In the Norwegian fjords one could find a convenient anchorage for a battleship, but of little consequence to the enemy. The German command needed to save the one new-fangled ship that had been lost, and relied on those who, on their own, would replace the goodness of the British.

In addition, the Hitlerites were expecting the Swedish fall of Leningrad and believed that in this situation the Baltic Fleet of the USSR was guaranteed to rush to Sweden.

Leningrad stood up, the Baltic Fleet did not go anywhere, and the Arctic convoys suffered greatly from aviation and other ships, not from the “Tirpitz”.

It’s important to try the “grab and roll” tactic – reporting for duty and returning to base.

However, the battleship had a chance to take part in many important operations. Their scale is such that one can believe that the “Tirpitz” was taken out of its parking lot so that the Fuhrer would not lose food, which is what he does in the future.

Racing for a timber truck

The middle of his exploits was an attempt at recapturing near Berezna in 1942 with the result of two convoys. The first of them, PQ-12, is from Iceland to Murmansk, the other (QP-8) is from Yomu, from Murmansk.

The German squadron, at the storage depot of the dirty "Tirpitz", was about to pass right in front of the bow of one and behind the stern of the other caravan. Then we all justified ourselves, relying on the weather - it was cloudy, foggy, visibility was zero and the aerial reconnaissance was bad.

The victim of falling behind the convoys was the “Izhora” - a Radyansk timber carrier, which suddenly appeared in the fog in front of its own. The commander of the "Tirpian" was too prudent not to waste his charges on the new road - having destroyed the unfortunate dishes and sunk one of the destroyers of the squadron. And all the same, “Izhora”, practically unbroken, has been scrubbed against a sea wolf, hardened to the teeth, for repeated years! Having caught up with someone ahead of others about the attack.

March horse ride

Another anti-convoy operation (with the code name “Horseback”) took place near the same place. It ended badly for convoy PQ-17 on the right - more than half of the ships sank to the bottom. Ale “Tirpits” without chopping them.

They just lived by the sea, and they lost it, causing panic to begin in the British Admiralty.

Having received reconnaissance data about the appearance of a German “lack”, the convoy was ordered to disperse, and the escort vessels were ordered to stand down. It turned out that the English command was deliberately bringing transports to the bottom, rowing cruisers.

Convoy order of Vikonav. For the battleship there is a video boot. The command decided that other German ships would break away from the assigned ships of the convoy one at a time. That's how it turned out. And the “Tirpitz” crashed back into the parking lot and went under the attack of British aircraft and submarines. It was a brilliant victory - the battleship didn’t have a chance to be unsheathed in order to get it.

Zharmat in the mines

“Tirpitz” had a chance to take part in the shootings and save them. In the spring of 1943, the rock crashed to the shores of Spitsbergen. There the miners' town was deprived (before the war, vugill was mined by the SRSR and Norway) and German meteorologists worked all day long. They were fired upon by the British, who were retracing government targets during the landing on Spitsbergen.

I will avenge the “nasty attack” (of which as many as 1 person was the victim) and become the visitor of “Tirpitz”. The operation was beautifully called Citronella (aka Sicily).
The great battleship brought with it hundreds of marines and tested its main caliber in real combat, firing at the miners' barracks. It looked scary, but the practical result was greater when shooting at the gorobtsy.

Through these three operations, the battle biography of the battleship is exhausted. I spent an hour standing at anchor, rejoicing and feeling nervous about the English.

Share of the target

England did not wait for the “Tirpitz” on the right, but was afraid of it – obviously, due to the fact that at the right moment it would not have 2 or more battleships against one “German”.

The English troops fell by the wayside while trying to protect the German battleship.

On the right were bombs of all calibers (including the heavy-duty “Tolba”), and first and foremost torpedoes. Ale maizhe 3 rocky battleship let us begin to speak.

Simple methods of calling for non-spill

In reality everything was simple. The battleship was not damaged due to its advantages, the peculiarities of its natural nature, and even more - a mistake of the British.

1. Norway's visibility is poor. The battleship changed from the black 1942 color to the barred one and added a fresh camouflage. The British also bombed on the fly.
2. The anti-stress defense "Tirpitz" was good - the rare coating did not cost the English many letaks.
3. The battleship's crew reached the main displays and installed smoke curtains.
4. They were planning to bomb the English pilots on the Maidans. This happened at Dresden, but the area of ​​the battleship was significantly smaller. The bombs also significantly altered the fisheries reserves of the Pine Sea.
5. A dozen of ceramic-coated torpedoes in an unthinkable manner... were ruined by the age.
6. One of the armor-piercing bombs that crippled the Tirpitz, based on the results of the inspection (it was carried out by the Germans), had vibrations that were twice as low as the standard.

It is clear that it is not easy to fight against such forces. Every now and then, the blows reached the mark - until the residual sinking of the "Tirpits" several times, canceling the operation, which turned off the independent crossing (in the spring of 1943 and the beginning of 1944).

The bombardment and mining activities with mini-submarines gave results. As a result, the battleship was in trouble - it could not be fully damaged by the remaining attack.

Captain Lunin and the attack on the Tirpitz

Please, whoever sunk the Tirpits, close it. This was destroyed by British bombers on the 12th leaf fall of 1944. Ale SRSR also claims merit from the right to fly to the battleship.
The captain of the submarine vessel K-21, N.A. Lunin, fired torpedoes at the Tirpitz and escorted his destroyer during the counter-action “Horse’s Move.” Then, at the report, he reported that he felt a bulge and let it go, damaging the “Tirpitz” and sinking another ship.

However, no such expenses have been recorded among the Germans.

The next day, Lunin’s torpedoes passed by and swelled as they fell to the bottom. Data about his course indicate that his chances of reaching the battleship were minimal. Do not ruin the captain’s honesty - he would like to try, and not assert, to avoid getting caught. Ale “Tirpitz” doesn’t deserve anything.

Posthumous glory

During the implementation of Operation "Catechism" on November 12, 1944, the British dropped the "Talboev" splint onto the "Tirpitz". One reach methi; The hit screamed that I would burn and detonate the ammunition. The battleship overturned and sank.

There is no need to show the place of destruction on the map - the hull of the battleship was visible in Hockeybotn Bay above the surface. There the end of the war was reached.

After Norway was laid down to the world until 1957, fate was cut by “Tirpitz”. A significant part of the metal was sold to Germany. There are a few tricks to decorate museums, some of which are souvenir decorations. A few pieces of the battleship's pieces were salvaged for road repairs. The nasal part remains to lie on the bottom.

Not far from the resting place of the Tirpitz, a monument to the fallen members of the crew was erected. The monument is dubious, why not fight with the dead...

The battleship's share also contributed to the excessive nature.

After the war, new lakes appeared near Hockeybotn Bay. The stinks disappeared from the water-filled streams of the “Tolboev” - the bright English were cunning to miss the ship by kilometers.

After the sinking of the battleship, a new, glorious biography was invented for Youmu. The English wrote to their poor people like this, having previously sent half of their fleet to the bottom. Today's computer games "Poverty "Tirpitz" have a wider mission for the superhero.

Well, I’d like to fight on the screen. In reality, the "Tirpits" did not recoup even a tenth of the investment from the new capital, and what the British were afraid of was the loss of life, and not the worth of the ship. Please stop practicing.

Video