The ancient Greek god of viticulture and winemaking. Oak barrels. Illegitimate son of the thunderer

"Two Nations". Dionysus appeared at Olympus later for other gods. He was the son of Zeus and his mortal wife, the beautiful Theban princess Semele. Having sworn that Zeus would be the lord of the throne, she, following the teachings of Geri, asked Semele, so that Zeus would stand before her with all the majesty of the thunder god. Let’s not think twice about this mess: if Zeus appeared at the gurkot, there was thunder and a flash of sparkles, the fire buried the palace of Semele, who lived in New. A good woman died, and yet she would never give birth to a child, and why would Zeus allow the death of his unborn son? Having snatched the child from the fire, and since the lack of food was too small and weak to live independently, then Zeus sewed him into stitches. The great Dionysus was suddenly born at the body of his father and then from the side of the thunderer Zeus. Thus Dionysus was called “the two nations.”

Dionysus directs his mother to Olympus. As far as Semeli, Dionysus, wisely, was willing to come to terms with the fact that his mother was staying in the kingdom of Hades. If you have lost your place on Olympus, you will have made a meeting with the world of the dead. There we knew Semele and lived on Olympus, where she became a goddess and walked under the name of Tion. Therefore, Dionysus himself was sometimes called Thionian - son of Tioni.

Dionysus is shouted at Geri. After the new nation, Dionysus handed over to the courtship of Tsarina Athamas and his squad Ino, sister Semeli, who are still alive today, dressed up as a girl. However, the fear of over-indulgence could not close her eyes on Geri, as she was not satisfied with Semeli’s death and transferred her hatred to her child. Believing that Athamas had killed Dionysus, she sent a new god to attack him. However, he killed only his son, who mistook him for a deer, and Hermes took Dionysus away from safety.

In order to better hide Dionysus from the re-examination from the side of Hera, Hermes brought him to the nymphs on Mount Nissa (in which case, so that Hera did not mark him, Dionysus was transformed into a goat by Zeus). The Nesei nymphs settled Dionysus in the cold Girsky grotto, looked after him, and enjoyed him with honey. For this turbot about his son, Zeus later placed the Nisean nymphs in the middle of the sky, where they can still be seen in the sight of the bright purchase of Hyades from the sage of Taurus. And the child of Zeus, in answer to the riddle about her stay on Nissa, took away the name that comes from the name of the father (Diy, then Zeus) and the name of the place, where he was born; That's how I blamed him.

Dionysus prepares drinks. On Nissa, Dionysus himself developed his most important skill - learning to prepare a drink from grape juice to cheer the soul. Therefore, I became a wine, if you are a cheerful, powerful god of wine, which gives people strength and joy. Eager to bestow his wisdom on people, Dionysus lives throughout his entire life, always getting used to growing grapes and making wine from them; and in countries where grapes did not grow, Dionysus taught people to prepare another, no less fragrant drink made from barley - beer. [For this, in rich countries, where God has earned a life, we will be more accepted, and will receive the greatest honors.]

First tragedy through wine. The first person who experienced wine and learned how to prepare it was Dionysus, who was a farmer from Attica on the estate of Ikaria. Having become worthy of him and hoping to get to know other people about him. Then the first tragedy began. The shepherds, who had been given wine by Ikaria, began to drown - they had never drunk anything like the stench, and so they drank too much of the unknown drink.

Having gotten drunk, they smelled bad and thought that Ikari had destroyed them. The stinks madly attacked him and killed him. Ikariya has a small daughter named after Erigon. When her father didn’t turn home, the girl went to look for him and found his faithful dog - but dead. Erigoni’s grief was so great that she hung on the tree above her father’s body.

Ale Dionysus, who kindly stood before Ikarius, did not deprive him of death without revenge. He sent madness to the Athenian girls, and they began to lay hands on themselves, as they killed Erigona. The inhabitants of Athens asked Apollo why the gods were angry with them, and rejected the idea that the reason for this was the killing of Icarius. Then the Athenians punished the murderous shepherds, and in response to the riddle about Erigon on the saint in honor of Dionysus, the Athenian girls began to climb the trees and ride on them. And the gods placed the dead Ikaria and Erigon in the sky, and became the suzirs of Arcturus, and the suzirs of Divi. There was a place in the sky for the faithful dog, who helped Erigona in his father’s searches - now the star Sirius.

Bacchae. The mandras of Dionysus accompanied a group of men and women. Near the grapevine, the vinishes rode astride a panther, and behind him, in a riotous dance, the maenadi (they are also called bacchantes, because one of the names of Dionysus was the name of Bacchus) raced along - women who dedicated themselves to serving To Dionis. In their hands were thyrsi - wands, wrapped in ivy, just like Dionysus himself; the stench was of deer skins and strangled snakes. The sacred God's stench ruined everything that was spread on his path. With viguks “Bacchus, to Eve!” the stench beat in the tympanum, with their hands they tore into pieces the wild animals that they were trapping with it, milk and honey hung from the ground and rocks with their thyrses, they tore out the roots of oyster trees. Its violent course swept along all the sustrian people and was dedicated to Dionysus Bromius, the “Noisy One”.

Satiri. Around the maenads of Dionysus, satyrs accompanied the maenads everywhere - things similar to humans, but with bodies that were screaming, goat legs, horns and horse tails. The smells were loud, cunning, always cheerful, often drunk; In life, besides wine and beautiful nymphs, nothing mattered to them. Accompanying Dionysus, they played simple melodies on pipes and flutes, and the shrill sounds of this music resounded around them, signaling the approach of the cheerful god.

Old Silenus. This gallant move, called phias, is where old Silenus, the conqueror of Dionysus, comes to the fore. You will have enough funny-looking ones - fox-like, pot-bellied, brown-haired, always sitting on the floor. Selena on the table befits a drink, he found that Silena has not spoken to anyone for a long time. However, without drinking away his mind, he still speaks words of wisdom in a clear and clear voice. Dionysus already loves his captor, and his orders are to watch him steadily and be watched by satyrs.

Midas. Regardless of this guarding, once Silen knew. If a forest bush was crushed under the donkey’s feet, and he tripped, Silenus fell from it and was left lying in the roadside bushes. Not noticing anyone, and Silenus himself slept peacefully in the place where he fell from the donkey.

The servants of King Midas found him and brought him to the palace. The king of the sane, who was standing in front of him, gave him all the rest, let him sleep, and then turned to Dionysus. For this, God proponated Midas to ask the city. The one who is not disturbed by his special intelligence and spirit, asking him to earn money so that everything he sells is turned into gold. “It’s a shame, Madas, that you didn’t come up with anything nice, but be on yours!” - With these words, Dionysus sent Midas home.

Tsar was in awe of happiness. Come on! You will now become the richest person on earth! He broke a hole from a tree - and the hole in his hands became golden. Having lifted a stone from the ground, the stone turned to gold. Already the time has come for the king to meet. Taking bread from the table, it also becomes gold. Only now Midas understood what a terrible gift of Dionysus: every hedgehog was transformed into gold in his hands, and he was now threatened with death by starvation. Then Midas prayed to Dionysus, wanting to take his gift back, and Dionysus, not harboring any evil, waited. By ordering you to go down to the Tmol River and bathe in it, you will release the magical power. Having done this, Midas, and after the bath, happily stuck around for whatever he wanted - for gold, he no longer converted it. And in the river Tmol from that hour people began to find golden sand.

The fall at Thebes. Beautiful and forever young Dionysus; fall on his shoulder for a long time, his hair is wiggling, dark blue, his eyes are dark blue. To the sounds of flutes and nozzles, a fias moves from one edge into the other, and through the Dionysus, people grow grapes and make wine from their important, rich crowns. Not everyone had to do this; Some did not want to respect Dionysus as a god, and so they brought down terrible punishments on the wicked. What happened, for example, at Thebes, in the Fatherland of Semeli, mother of Dionysus.

Semele is the sister of Agave. When she died, hit by Zeus’s bellows, Agave began to say that Semele died deservedly: she, saying, spread a little bit about those who were honored by Zeus himself, and in the punishment of those who had lost her. The same thing that Agavi’s son, Pentheus, said when he became the Theban king: the thirsty god Dionysus is missing, all these are the guesses of empty people. Then Dionysus himself decided to stand up for the honor of his mother. Taking on the image of a beautiful young man, he appeared at Thebes and there infected the bacchanalian wildcat and Agave, and other wives of Thebes. With wild viguks “Bacchus, to Eve!” the stinks rushed to the mountains and there they began to lead the lives of crazy maenads.

Dionysus in front of Pentheus. Pentheus punished the wrath to deliver to a new stranger, from whom all hell broke loose. And the axis of the curtains at the lancius Dionysus stands in front of the king. He grins, marveling at how crazy Pentheus is, who, perhaps even more keenly than squeezing his sword, binds with the miraculous bonds of the bik, which appears to him to be Dionysus. The entire palace became afraid, the colonies began to choke, and at that moment, when Semele died, a fiery stupor appeared, covering the entire palace with its light. Pentheus, overcome with madness, thought that the palace should burn and ordered to carry water to extinguish the fire, and rushed at Dionysus, so that he would not lick his revenge, rushing with a naked sword. It seemed to him that he had dealt a fatal blow to a stranger, but when he escaped from the palace, he had again beaten him, sharpened by the onslaught of bacchanals.

God Dionysus

Pentheus becomes a victim of God's deity. Pentheus of God is crying more and more. If the shepherds came from the city, and learned about the way of life that the bacchantes lead there, the king ordered the army to prepare before the campaign - all the bacchantes would be buried by force and killed! The king himself, dressed as a woman, especially marveled at them at the fox. However, if he came to the forest, the women marked him.

Dionysus worked in such a way that the stench did not realize that the people were hanging in front of them to kill a wild beast. All at once the stinks attacked the unfortunate man and tore him to pieces. Agave, having planted the head of Pentheus on her staff, went to the place with the prize, calling on everyone to marvel at the head of the fierce lion that she had killed. Once the madness had passed and she realized what evil had escaped, Agave left her native place and died in a foreign country, and all the Thebans no longer doubted that Dionysus was a true god, and Semele was the retinue of Zeus.

Dionisia.

Since Dionysus was associated with the cultivation of grapes, it is natural that the holy hour for his honor is rich in association with robots in the vineyards. The work ended at the chest; At this hour Holy Mali Dionisia fell. This was joyfully sacred to the honor of God, wine and fun, more fun and fire. Near the Greek village on this day there were gallant proceedings in which all men and women took part, both men and women, and peasants, and slaves. Those who took part in these processes carried sacred objects and symbols of Dionysus - grapevines and vessels of wine. At the temple of Dionysus, sacrifices were made, and then parties and festivities began. On this very day, Ikariya and Erigon were shaved, on which day the young people indulged in cheerful and gallant play: they had to rub one nose on an inflated leather bag, lubricated with oil. Peremozhets took away the same bag from the city, and even more wine.

The fierce one was celebrated again sacredly - Lenaia, and just after them - Anthesteria. According to tradition, young wine was usually distilled on Saint’s Day. During this hour, the people enjoyed drinking wine with garlands from the first spring flowers; Children were also decorated with flowers, on which day it was customary to buy and give various toys. The grown ups, under the holy hour, were drinking wine. The one who won their victory was the one who quickly drank his cup.

And the main saints in honor of Dionysus were the Great Dionysos, who celebrated the holy day like birch - on the cob of knit. He spent a whole day and became a great writer. Ale, perhaps, what is important for us is not this writing, but those who are themselves connected with this sacred origin of the theater. From these scenes, which were staged in the Dionysian moves by many of their participants, tragedy and comedy later emerged. On the Great Dionysia, tragedies were played in theaters for many days, and comedies were staged on Lenaia in the theaters of ancient Greece.

God of wine and winemaking, one of the oldest and most popular gods in Greece. A number of merry saints were dedicated to Dionysus, which were celebrated from late autumn to spring. Often these saints were not of the nature of mysteries (secret religious rites), and often turned into simply orgies (bacchanalia). The saints in honor of Dionysus served as the beginning of theatrical performances. Pid hour t.z. During the Great Dionysus in Athens, choirs dressed in goat skins performed and sang special hymns-dithyrambs: they began to be sung, the choir echoing the yoma, accompanied by dance; This is how the tragedy began (the word itself in the translation means “goat song”). It is assumed that from the winter dithyrambs, in which the suffering of Dionysus was mourned, a tragedy arose, as from the spring, joyful ones, accompanied by laughter and heat, a comedy.

Zeus the Thunderer loved the beautiful Semele, the daughter of the Theban king Cadmus. Once upon a time, having vowed visconty to her, be it a curse, and swearing to her the inviolable oath of the gods - the sacred waters of the underground river Styx. But the goddess Hera hated Semele and wanted to harm her. Vona told Semele:
- Ask Zeus to appear to you in front of all the greatness of the thunder god, king of Olympus. If you can love effectively, then you can’t take it from someone’s bastard.
Hera told Semele, and she asked Zeus to viconate her. Zeus was pleased to see Seme-le. The Thunderer appeared in all his greatness, in all the splendor of his glory. The bright sparkle vibrated in the hands of Zeus, thunder struck the palace of Cadmus. Everything was destroyed by the flash of Zeus. The fire washed over the palace, everything fell apart and collapsed. Semele fell to the ground in a panic, the flames were scorching her. She thought that she had no clue, that her misfortune had happened, inspired by the Hero.
Dionysus

And born from the dying Semel, the son Dionysus, a weak child, unable to live. It seemed that there were also sayings about death at the fire. How soon will the son of Zeus perish? From the sides of the earth, like behind the wave of a charming wand, thick green ivy grows. He hid his green, unfortunate child from the fire and sank into death. Zeus, having caught sight of his hidden son, and the fact that he was still small and weak, sewed him up in stitches. The body of Zeus, Dionysus, had great powers, and suddenly was born as a thunderer. Then Zeus called to Hermes and ordered him to bring little Dionysus to his sister Semele Ino and that same person Atamanta, king Orchomenus, to steal away him. The goddess Hera was angry with Inno and Atamanta for taking the son of the hated Semel to the temple, and wanted to punish them. She sent madness upon Atamant. During the attack, Godville killed the Atamant of his son Learchus. She suddenly found herself facing death with her other son, Melikert. The man chased after her and already caught up with her. In front is a steep, rocky seashore, below is the roar of the sea, behind the godly man, the swearing man, is silent in Other. At the rose, everyone rushed out with the blue from the sea from the coastal cliffs. They took Ino and Melikert into the sea by the Nereids. The champion of Dionysus and her sons were brutalized into sea deities, and from that time on lived in the abyss of the sea. Dionysus was worshiped as the divine Atamant Hermes. He moved his meeting to the Nisei Valley and gave it to the nymphs there for training. Dionysus was a beautiful, powerful god, who gives people the strength and joy that kindness gives. The nymphs who wooed Dionysus were taken by Zeus to heaven, and shine a stink in the dark dawn among other susirs called Hyades.

With the cheerful march of wreath-decorated maenads and satyrs, Dionysus walks all over the world, from land to land. In front of it is a wreath of grapes, in his hands is a thyrsus, decorated with ivy. Around New Year's Eve, young maenads whirl in a Swedish dance, singing and shouting; Undead satyrs gallop, drunk with wine, with tails and goat legs. Along the way, take old Silenus, the wise teacher of Dionysus, to the whole place. Having gotten very drunk, I could sit on the floor, drinking wine in the morning, so that it would lie white. A wreath of ivy fell on his fox head. Once kidnapped, they laugh good-naturedly. The young satyrs walk along everything that carefully treads, and carefully encourage the old one so that they do not fall into trouble. To the sounds of flutes, nozzles and tympani, the noisy progress is merrily crashing in the mountains, in the middle of shady forests, along green galleys. I walk merrily through the land of Dionysus - Bacchus, still bowing to his power. People are beginning to grow grapes and make wine from these important grapes.

Dionysus, greek Bacchus, lat. Bacchus is the son of Zeus and Semele, the daughter of the Theban king Cadmus, the god of wine, winemaking, and viticulture.

Having been born at Thebes, and at the same time, Naxos, Crete, Elida, Theos and Eleftheria were conquered by the place of their people. On the right is what his people were supposed to achieve with a folding path. In advance of the people of Dionysus, the jealous squad of Zeus was planning to harm the child. Under the guise of an old nanny, she brought out Semele and encouraged her to ask Zeus to stand before her with all his power and glory. Zeus was able to convince Semele, having previously sworn an oath to her with the waters of the Styx (the most violating oath), which would end in her marriage. Until then, this blasphemy flattered his human vanity, and it appeared amid thunder and a blaze of sparkles. What Hera had hoped for happened: the flashlights set fire to the royal palace and sank the body of the mortal Semeli to the earth. Dying, she overtook the people of a premature baby. Zeus gave his wife his share, and then snatched the child from the fire with a wall of thick ivy that grew around him by the will of God. When the fire began to smell, Zeus pulled his son from his cover and sewed him up in his stitches to inform. At the end of the day (after three months) Dionysus was “reborn” and was placed under the guardianship of Zeus (see also the article “Semele”).

Hermes was not friends and, as the messenger of the gods, met at home time and time again, so little Dionysus could not be spoken about seriously. Then Hermes handed over Dionysus to the sister Semeli Ino, the squad of the Orkhomen king. Having learned about this, Hera sent madness to Athamas, suspecting that it was Dionysus who was killing. Otherwise, he saved only his powerful sons and his squad, because Hermes suddenly got involved and betrayed Dionysus. deep oven, overgrown with vines and weeds, unaffected by all approaches of Geri. There, Dionysus quickly drank the wine, making Zeus his god. Dionysus brought the first seedling of the vine to give it to the Athenian shepherd Icarius as a reward for his welcome. Dionysus began to grow grapes and make wine from Ikaria, but this gift did not bring happiness to the shepherd.

People received the news about the people of Dionysus and about his drinking with mixed feelings. Some immediately from the burials began to go into the second cult, others were afraid that nothing would come of it, and others decided against it. (You can read about this in the articles “Lycurgus”, “Pentheus”, “Menius”.) On the way of Dionysus, they were hunted by some unkindly people, on the site of the Tyrrhenian pirates, who stole him, took him for the king’s son and took out insurance for the rich in andkup. On the ship, Dionysus threw off his fetters, spewed vines around the entire ship, and himself turned to the left. The pirates, in fear, rushed into the sea and turned into dolphins (after the accusation of Kermanich, who begged the robbers to let Dionysus go). Step by step, people still recognized the divine power of Dionysus and still give their gift - guilt (sometimes more, less good for health).

Justice means that for the Greeks, Dionysus was not only the god of wine, winemaking and viticulture, but the patron of fruit trees and bushes, the fruits of which wines filled with juice, and the sap of the new god of the fruitful forces of the earth. Since viticulture and gardening require diligence, diligence and patience, Dionysus walked around as the giver of these expensive fruits and wealth, which would come to effort and profit. Like the god of wine, Dionysus walked ahead of us through those who fought people turbot (one of whose names is Leia, the “deliverer”) and gave them the joy of life. With his gifts, Dionysus refreshed the spirit and body, instilled sociability and fun, cherished love and stimulated the creativity of artists. There was no value and no value for these gifts - except in this case, as the Dionysian robbers adhere to the old wise rule: “copper agan” - “nothing above the world.”

In his ways, Dionysus is not a Greek god, but, more than anything else, a Thracian and Asia Minor god; Another thing I have is the Lydian-Phrygian tradition. In recent times, his cult has spread throughout the Greek (and then the Greco-Roman) world, wanting to confirm to the myth that this cult did not develop without interruption everywhere. The name Dionysus appears on the tablets of the Cretan linear sheet “B” of the 14th century. to sound e.., found at Knossos. Prote Homer also calls Dionysus among the head gods. Following the words of Hesiod, Dionysus formed a squad when he defeated Theseus, when he arrived on the island of Naxos on the way to Crete. From the union of Dionysus with Aphrodite, Priapus, the god of fertility, was born (also known as “Zagreus” and “Iacchus”).

The cult of Dionysus in Greece, writes Plutarch, “at first we forgive, but are cheerful, but later the saint became more and more gallant and untidy.” (One of the epithet of Dionysus: “Bromium”, or “noisy”, “boisterous”.) With the influx of similar cults, the stinks were suddenly transformed into the same vacancies.

Hanalia in any other meaning of the word, their participants were inundated with ecstasy, like mischief (spirit from body). Particularly untidy were the saints of the night, from whom the fate of the wives in the costumes of the companions of Dionysus (bacchae, maenadi, bassarides, thiadis) took place. In Boeotia and Phocis, the carnival girls used to pounce on the bodies of sacrificial creatures and devour the raw meat, believing that the stench was participatory of the body and blood of God himself. His cult developed in a similar manner among the Romans, who adopted it for example in Art. 5. to sound e. U 186 rub. to sound That is, a special decree was finally adopted by the Senate against supernaturalism and the revelry of these saints.

In Athens (and the birth of the Ionians) the primary character of the Dionysian saints was preserved for the longest time. The stench was heard several times on the river, the most important (Great Dionysian) - for example, birch. In the history of culture, these concluding phenomena were first revealed, in the course of such a chorus of spivaks, dressed in goat skins, singing songs at the accompaniment of a dance - the so-called dithyramb. Over time, from these praises arose the Greek tragedy - one of the most valuable contributions of the Greeks to the foreign culture. Vlasna, “tragedy” means “song about a goat” or “song of goats,” and the singers in goat skins depicted the goat-footed companions of Dionysus - the satyrs. From the hot songs of the rural Dionisia, a Greek comedy developed. Many of the works of Aeschylus, Sophocles, Euripides and Aristophanes, which have never left the stage, were first played on the Athenian Dionysia. The Dionysus Theater, founded in the 6th century, still survives under the archaic structure of the Acropolis. to sound That is, these games took place over nearly a thousand years.

Greek artists often depicted Dionysus, and in two forms: as a serious, mature man with thick hair and a beard, or as a young man. On one of the finest ancient statues – “Hermes with Dionysus” by Praxiteles (circa 340 BC) Dionysus is depicted as a child. It was preserved to depict Dionysus anonymously on vases and reliefs - also with satyrs and bacchantes, with Ariadne, with Tyrrhenian robbers, etc.

European artists depicted Dionysus with no less sympathy than the ancients. The statues in front of us are “Bacchus” by Michelangelo (1496-1497), “Bacchus” by Pogini (1554) and “Bacchus” by Thorvaldsen (circa 1800). Three paintings - "Bacchus and Ariadne" by Titian (1523), two paintings by Caravaggio: "Bacchus" (1592-1593) and "Young Bacchus" (works a little later), "Bacchus" by Rubens (1635-1640), located in St. Petersburg, in Hermitage).

Among the numerous sculptures, paintings, frescoes in art galleries and castles of the Czech Republic and Slovakia, Romano’s “Procession of Bacchus” at the Moravian Gallery in Brno and “Bacchus with the Vine and Cupid” by De Vries at the Wallenstein Garden in Prasia (cast copy of the original 1) 648 Swedes) .

Dionysus, whose statue stood on the stage of the ancient theatre, has now returned to the stage, most importantly, thanks to the merits of the composers. In 1848 the opera-ballet “The Triumph of Bacchus” was written by Dargomizky, born in 1904. “The Triumph of Bacchus” - Debussy, circa 1909. opera "Bacchus" - Massenet.

In the current movie Dionysus (Bacchus) is allegorical - wine and the fun associated with it:

“Look up, bacchanal sleepers!”
- A. S. Pushkin, “Bacchic Song” (1825).

Dionysus Dionysus , Bacchus chi Bacchus

(Dionysus, Bacchus, Διόνυσος, Βάκχος). God of wine and winemaking, son of Zeus and Semele, daughter of Cadmus. Not long before her birth, the jealous Hera pleased Semele to ask Zeus to appear before her in all his greatness; Zeus rightly appeared before her with a flash of thunder, but she, like a mere mortal, did not bear her weight and died, immediately giving birth to insecurity. Zeus sewed up the child in his stitches, and brought her to the proper term. Accompanied by a troop of his servants, maenads and bacchantes, as well as strongmen and satyrs with staffs (firs) entwined with grapes, Dionysus passed through Hellas, Syria and Asia as far as India and turning back to Europe through Thrace. On his way here, he introduced people to winemaking and the first buds of civilization. The squad of Dionysus was respected by Ariadne, abandoned by Theseus on the island of Naxos. The cult of Dionysus, at first of a cheerful nature, gradually became less serious and turned into wild orgies or bacchanalia. The name of Dionysus is Bacchus, the soothsayer. A special role among these saints was played by the priestesses of Dionysus - non-selfish women, known as maenads, bacchantes, etc. Grapes, ivy, panther, rice, tiger, donkey, dolphin and goat were dedicated to Dionysus. The Greek Dionysus was inspired by the Roman god Bacchus.

(Dzherelo: “A short dictionary of mythology and ancient history.” M. Korsh. St. Petersburg, published by A. S. Suvorin, 1894.)

(Διόνυσος), Bacchus, Bacchus, in Greek mythology the god of the fruitful forces of the earth, fruit production, viticulture, winemaking. The deity of a similar (Thracian and Lydian-Phrygian) movement, which expanded in Greece rapidly and forcefully established itself there. Wanting to name D. appears on the tablets of the Cretan linear sheet “B” back in the 14th century. to sound That is, the expansion and consolidation of the cult of D. in Greece extended to 8-7 centuries. to sound That is, it is connected with the growth of local powers (poles) and the development of polis democracy. At this time, the cult of D. began to rise to the cult of the local gods and heroes. D. as the deity of the agricultural stake, connected with the elemental forces of the earth, gradually manifested itself Apollo - as we convey to the deity of the tribal aristocracy. The popular basis of the cult of D. was formed in myths about the illegal birth of God, his struggle for the right to rise to the number of Olympian gods and the establishment of his cult everywhere.
There are myths about the various ancient civilizations of D., who are preparing for his coming. From the archaic hypostases of D.: Zagriy, son of Zeus of Crete and Persephone; Yakikh, connections with the Eleusinian mysteries; D. - syn of Zeus and Demetri (Diod. Ill 62, 2-28). According to the main myth, D. is the son of Zeus and the daughter of the Theban king Cadmus Semeli. At the instigation of the jealous Hera, Semele asked Zeus to show up before her with all his greatness, and she, who went into a flash of sparkles, hurled the mortal Semele and her tower with fire. Zeus snorted from D.'s half, having been born prematurely, and sewed him up in his stitches. At the right time, Zeus gave birth to D., releasing the stitches on the hips (Hes. Theog. 940-942; Eur. Bacch. 1-9, 88-98, 286-297), and then gave D. through Hermes to worship the Nisean nymphs ( Eur. Bacch. 556-559) or sister Semele Ino (Apollod. III 4, 3). D. know the grapevine. Hera instilled madness in him, and when, wandering through Egypt and Syria, they came to Phrygia, the goddess Cybele - Rhea kissed him and brought him to her orgiastic mysteries. After this, D. destroyed through Thrace to India (Apollod. III 5, 1). From similar lands (from India or from Lydia and Phrygia) it turns to Greece, near Thebes. During the hour of sailing from the island of Ikaria to the island of Naxos D., Tyrrhenian sea robbers steal (Apollod. III 5, 3). The robbers are terrified of having succumbed to D.'s wondrous re-creation. The stinks wrapped D. in kaidan in order to sell him into slavery, but the kaidan themselves fell from D.'s hands; entwined with vines and ivy, the goldfish, the windshield of the ship, appeared in the sight of the witch and the left. The pirates themselves, who rushed into the sea out of fear, turned into dolphins (Hymn. Hom. VII). In whose myth the archaic dewy-zoomorphic approach of D. Roslinne of the past god appeared is confirmed by his hymns: Eviy (“ivy”, “ivy”), “vineyard”, etc. (Eur. Bacch. 105, 534, 6 6 08 ). The zoomorphic past D. is inverted and the statements about D.-bik (618, 920-923) and D.-goat. The symbol of D. as the god of the fruitful forces of the earth is the phallus.
On the island of Naxos D. zustriv kohanu im Ariadne, abandoned by Theseus, having captured her and befriended her on the island of Lemnos; Yesterday she gave birth to Enopion, Foanta and another. (Apollod. epit. I 9). Through this, D. appears, he founded his cult; through his path he begins to teach people viticulture and winemaking. D.'s move, which had a slightly ecstatic character, took the fate of a bacchante, a satyr, a menadi or a bassaridi (one of the nicknames of D.-Bassars) with thyrses (rods) entwined with ivy. Surrounded by snakes, the stinks all collapsed on their path, buried by the sacred gods. With cries of “Bacchus, Evoe,” the stinks glorified D.-Bromius (“the turbulent,” “the gallant”), they beat the tympanum, soaking in the blood of wild wild animals, hanging from the ground with their thyrses of honey and milk, writhing from the root of a tree and snoring followed by a crowd of women and men (Eur. Bacch. 135-167, 680-770). D. is famous as Leah (“deliverer”), he frees people from worldly troubles, removes from them the bonds of moderate labor, the bonds with which they try to deceive his enemies and ruined walls (616-626). Vine forces God's will on his enemies and terribly punishes them; This is what he did with his cousin, the Theban king Pentheus, who wanted to stop the bacchanalian shenanigans. Pentheus was devastated by the bacchantes at the sight of his mother Agavi, Yak in the camp mistook the ecstasy of the son for a creature (Apollod. III 5, 2; Eur. Bacch. 1061-1152). On Lycurgus - the son of the king of the Edonians, who, having opposed the cult of D., God sent madness, and then Lycurgus was torn by his own horses (Apollod. III 5, 1).
Up to 12 Olympian gods. At Delphi he began to misbehave with Apollo. On Parnassus, two rocks were held in orgies in honor of D., from whom they took the fate of the thiadi - bacchantes from Attica (Paus. X 4, 3). In Athens, the city was in charge of the process for the restoration of D. and the sacred love affair of God with the retinue of the archon basileus (Aristot. Rep. Athen. III 3). From the religious and cult rituals dedicated to D. (Greek tragodia, lit. “song about a goat” or “song of goats”, or goat-footed satyrs - companions of D.), a long-standing Greek tragedy was recorded. In Attica D. were dedicated to the Great Ones, or the Greats, the Dionysians, which included local processes in honor of God, the creation of tragic and comic poets, as well as choirs, who consecrated dithyrambis (held in Berezn). i - kvitnі); Laney, which included the birth of new comedies (in the chest - fierce); Mali, or Silsk, Dionis, who preserved the remnants of agrarian magic (in the chest - Sichna), if they repeated the dramas that were already played in the area.
In the hour of Hellenism, the cult of D. is angry with the cult of the Phrygian god Sabazia(Sabaziy became D.’s permanent nickname). At Rome D. walked under the names of Bacchus (swedish bacchanals, bacchanalia) and Bacchus. Ototozhnyuvsya Osiris, Serapis, Mithras, Adonis, Amun, Liber.
Lit.: Losev A.F., Ancient mythology in its historical development, M., 1957, p. 142-82; Nietzsche F., The birth of tragedy to the spirit of music, Complete. zіbr. TV., vol. 1, [M.], 1912; Otto W. P., Dionysos. Mythos und Kultus, 2 Aufl. Fr./M. 1939; Jünger F. G., Griechische Götter. Apollon, Pan, Dionysos. Fr./M., 1943; Meautis G., Dionysos ou Ie pouvoir de fascination, in his book: Mythes inconnus de la Greece antique. P., , p.33-63; Jeanmaire N., Dionysos. Histoire du culte de Bacchus, P., 1951.
A. F. Losev.

There have been preserved anonymous monuments of ancient mysticism, which infused the image of D. and the plots of myths about him (D.'s love before Ariadne and in.) in plastic (statues and reliefs) and vase paintings. The scenes of the movement of D. and his companions, bacchanalia are widely widened (especially in the vase painting); These stories are inspired by the reliefs of the sarcophagi. They depicted the middle of the Olympians (reliefs similar to the frieze of the Parthenon) and in scenes of the Gigantomachy, as well as sailing on the sea (Kilik Exekia "D. in Chovny" etc.) and fighting the Tyrrhenians (relief of the monument to the Fox Kratu in Athens, approx. 3). e.). In middle-aged book illustrations, D. is depicted as the special season of autumn - the hour of harvest (sometimes even in the fall). In the era of the Renaissance, the theme of D. in mysticism is associated with the affirmation of the joy of life; the wide width has been swelling since the 15th century. scenes of bacchanalia (primarily depicted by A. Mantegna; before the plot were depicted by A. Dürer, A. Altdorfer, H. Baldung Green, Titian, Giulio Romano, Pietro da Cortona, Anibale Carracci, P. P. Rubens, J. Jordans , N. Poussin). The same symbolism permeates the plots of “Bacchus, Venus and Ceres” and “Bacchus and Ceres” (magnificent article Demeter), especially popular in Baroque painting. At 15-18 st. Scenes depicting D. and Ariadne's sustrich, their cheerful and triumphant progress, became very popular in painting. Among the plastic works are the reliefs “Bacchus transforms the Tyrrhenians into dolphins” by A. Filarete (on the bronze doors of St. Peter’s Basilica in Rome), “The Sustrich of Bacchus and Ariadne” by Donatello, the statues “Bacchus” by Michelangelo, J. Sansovino and others. a place among other ancient characters in baroque garden sculpture. Create the most significant things 18 – po. 19th century - statues of “Bacchus” I. G. Dannecker and B. Thorwaldsen. Middle of musical works 19–20 centuries. based on the plots of the myth: the opera-ballet by A. S. Dargomizhsky “The Purity of Bacchus”, the divertimento by C. Debussy “The Triumph of Bacchus” and his opera “D.”, the opera by J. Massenet “Bacchus” and others.

(Dzherelo: “Myths of the peoples of the world.”)

(Bacchus, Bacchus) - the god of viticulture and winemaking, son of Zeus and Geri (for other reasons Zeus and the Theban queen and the goddess Semele, for other reasons Zeus and Persephone). The saints celebrated Dionysus and Bacchanalia in honor of Dionysus.

// Adolphe-William BOUGREAU: The Childhood of Bacchus // Nicolas Poussin: Midas and Bacchus // Franz von STUCK: Boy Bacchus riding a panther // TICIAN: Bacchus and Ariadne // Apollo Mikolayovich MAYKOV: Bacchus // Kostiantinos CAVAFIS: Svitlana / Dmitry ій OLERON: Heraion. Hermes and Bacchus of Praxiteles. Bacchus // O.S. PUSHKIN: The purity of Bacchus // N.A. Kuhn: DIONIS // N.A. Kun: NATION AND VIRTUATION OF DIONIS // N.A. Kuhn: DIONIS I YOGO SVITU // N.A. Kuhn: LYKURG// N.A. Kun: MINIA'S DAUGHTERS // N.A. Kun: Tyrrhenian sea robbers // N.A. Kun: Ikariy // N.A. Kuhn: MIDAS

(Dzherelo: “Myths of Ancient Greece. Dictionary-editor.” EdwART, 2009.)

in the Greek mythology of Zeus and Femeli, the god of the fertile forces of the earth, fruit production, viticulture and winemaking.

(Dzherelo: “Dictionary of spirits and gods of the German-Scandinavian, Egyptian, Greek, Irish, Japanese mythology, mythology of the Mayan Indians and Aztecs.”)

Wonder what “Dionysus” is in other dictionaries:

- (Ing. Greek Διόνυσος) ... Wikipedia

- (Bacchus) Greek deity, infused with life force. The oldest forms of the cult of D. were preserved in Thrace, although they had a slight “orgiastic” character: participants in the cult, wearing animal skins, at mass festivals brought themselves to the point of unselfishness (ecstasy)… Literary encyclopedia

Ah, man. Borrowed Report: Dionisovich, Dionisivna; rod Pokhozhennya: (In ancient mythology: Dionysus, the god of the living forces of nature, the god of wine.) Names: (div. Denis) Dictionary of special names. Dionis Div. Denis... Glossary of special names

- (Greek: Dionisos). The walnut is the name of the god Bacchus and Bacchus. Dictionary of foreign words that have reached the Russian language warehouse. Chudinov A.N., 1910. DIONIS in the ancients. the Greeks are the same as Bacchus, otherwise the god of wine and merriment; the Romans have Bacchus. Povny dictionary. Dictionary of foreign words of Russian language

Mikola Kun

The origin and religion of Dionysus

Zeus the Thunderer loved the beautiful Semele, the daughter of the Theban king Cadmus. Once upon a time, she vowed to be a viconate, no matter what she did, and swore to her the inviolable oath of the gods, the sacred waters of the underground river Styx. But the great goddess Hera hated Semele and wanted to harm her. Vona told Semele:

Ask Zeus to appear to you with all the greatness of the thunder god, king of Olympus. If you can love effectively, then you can’t take it from someone’s bastard.

Hera changed Semele, and she asked Zeus to viconate herself. Zeus could not convince Semele of anything, even if he swore allegiance to the waters of the Styx. The Thunderer appeared in all the majesty of the king of gods and men, in all the glory of his glory. The bright sparkle shone in the hands of Zeus; thunder struck the palace of Cadmus. Everything was destroyed by the flash of Zeus. The fire washed over the palace, everything fell apart and collapsed. Semele fell to the ground with a gasp, half of her was scorching. She thought that she had no clue, that her misfortune had happened, inspired by the Hero.

I was born from the dying Semelya Dionysus, weak, unsatisfactory child. It seemed that there were also sayings about death at the fire. Ale and the moment the son of the great Zeus perished. From the sides of the earth, like behind the wave of a charming wand, thick green ivy grows. He hid his green, unfortunate child from the fire and sank into death.

Zeus saw the hidden son, and the fragments of his son were so small and weak that he could not live, then Zeus sewed him up in stitches. At the body of his father, Zeus, Dionysus was born, and, having died, was suddenly born from the side of the thunderer Zeus. Then the king of the gods and people called to his son, the Swedish messenger of the gods, Hermes, and ordered him to bring little Dionysus to his sister Semele, Ino, that same person Atamanta, king Orchomenus, who was about to capture him.

The goddess Hera was angry with Inno and Atamanta for taking the son of the hated Semel to the temple, and wanted to punish them. She sent madness upon Atamant. During the attack, Godville killed the Atamant of his son Learchus. She suddenly found herself facing death with her other son, Melikert. The man chased after her and already harassed her. In front is a steep, rocky seashore, below is the roar of the sea, behind us the godly man is harassing - there is no sense of remorse in Other. The rozpacha rushed out at once from the sea from the coastal cliffs. They took Ino and Melikert into the sea by the Nereids. The champion of Dionysus, I and my sons were beasted into sea deities and lived from that hour in the abyss of the sea.

Dionysus was worshiped as the divine Atamant Hermes. He moved his meeting to the Nisei Valley and gave it to the nymphs there for training. Dionysus was the beautiful, powerful god of wine, the god who gives people strength and joy, the god who gives birth. The champions of Dionysus, the nymphs, were taken by Zeus into the city into the sky, and shine a stink in the dark dawn, under the name of Hyades, among other susirs.

Dionysus and thy honor

The cheerful god Dionysus walks with a cheerful troop of wreath-decorated maenads and satyrs all over the world, from land to land. In front of her is a wreath of grapes with ivy decorated with thyrsus in her hands. Around New Year's Eve, young maenads whirl in a Swedish dance, singing and shouting; Undead satyrs gallop, drunk with wine, with tails and goat legs. Along the way, take old Silenus, the wise teacher of Dionysus, to the whole place. Having gotten very drunk, I could sit on the floor, drinking wine in the morning, so that it would lie white. A wreath of ivy fell on his fox head. Once kidnapped, they laugh good-naturedly. Young satire walk close to the donkey carefully stepping and carefully supporting the old one so that he doesn’t fall. To the sounds of flutes, sniffles and tympanums, the noisy progress merrily tumbles through the mountains, among shady forests, and across green heaps. Dionysus-Bacchus walks merrily through the land, everyone bowing to their power. People are beginning to grow grapes and make wine from these important grapes.

Lycurgus

They do not recognize the power of Dionysus. Often you have to chat and support; It is often necessary to forcefully pierce the edges and places. Who can fight the great god, son of Zeus? Suvoro punishes those who act against him, who do not want to recognize him and worship him like a god. First, Dionysus had a chance to re-examine in Thrace, when he lived in a shady valley with his companions, the maenads, cheerfully banqueting and dancing, intoxicated with wine, to the sounds of music and singing; then attacked the new cruel king Edon Lycurgus. The maenads scattered with fear, throwing the sacred judge Dionysus to the ground; Dionysus himself rushed to roll. Rising from the re-examination of Lycurgus, he rushed to the sea; There the goddess Thetis stole him. Father of Dionysus, Zeus the Thunderer, cruelly punished Lycurgus, who dared to image the young god: Zeus blinded Lycurgus and shortened the term of his life.

Miniya's daughters

And in Orkhomenia, in Boeotia, they did not want to immediately recognize the god Dionysus. When the priest of Dionysus-Bacchus appeared in Orchomenus and called all the girls and wives of the fox and went on a holy merry in honor of the god of wine, the three daughters of King Menias did not go to the holy; They didn’t want to recognize Dionysus as a god. All the women of Orkhomenes went from their place to the shade of the fox and there they sang and danced to imitate the great god. Wrapped in ivy, with thyrsus in their hands, the stinks extinguished with loud cries, like the maenads, through the mountains and glorified Dionysus. And the daughters of King Orkhomenes sat at home and calmly spun and weaved; They didn’t even want to say anything about the god Dionysus. The evening came, the sun set, and the king’s daughters still did not give up on their work, hurrying to finish it. Then a miracle appeared before their eyes, the sounds of tympani and flutes sounded in the palace, threads of yarn spun up to the vines, and important grains hung on them. The weaving benches were green: they were thickly entwined with ivy. The smell of myrtle and flowers flowed here. The king's daughters marveled at the wonder. The ominous light of tar flakes began to rush through the entire palace, which had already become noticeable in the early evening hours. I could smell the sound of wild animals. At all the chambers, lions, panthers, rice and witches appeared to the palace. The stench ran like a finger from the dirty curls and glared fiercely from the eyes. The king's daughters were eager to meet in the furthest, darkest areas of the palace, so as not to be too close to the tar floats and the wild animals. Everything is so dirty, there’s no stench anywhere. The punishment of the god Dionysus did not stop there. The princess’s bodies began to shrink, became covered with a dark veil, wings with thin bristles grew on her hands, and the stench reached the cauldrons. Since then, stench can be heard in the light of day in the dark, deserted ruins and caves. Thus, Dionysus punished them.

Tyrrhenian sea robbers

Posted after the Homeric hymn and Ovid's "Metamorphoses"

Dionysus punished the Tyrrhenian sea robbers, but not for those who did not recognize him as a god, as for those evils that they wanted to inflict on him like a mere mortal.

As if young Dionysus was standing on the birch of the black sea. The sea wind gently brushed him with dark curls and ruffled the folds of his purple cloak, falling over the string shoulders of the young god. In the distance a ship appeared in the sea; quickly approaching the shore. When the ship was already close, the sailors - the Tyrrhenian sea robbers - cheered for the wonderful young man on the empty sea birch. They quickly landed, went ashore, buried Dionysus and took him to the ship. There are no small robbers and nasty things that they buried in the fullness of God. The robbers were glad that they had squandered such a rich treasure in his hand. The stench began to sing that it would be a lot of gold to get such a beautiful young man, having sold him into slavery. Having arrived on the ship, the robbers wanted to snatch Dionysus from the important lance, or else they would fall from the hands and feet of the young god. We sat and marveled at the robbers with a calm smile. When the Kermanich made sure that the lancets did not tremble in the young man’s arms, he said out of fear to his comrades:

Unfortunate! What are we afraid of? Chi no boga mi wantomo skuvati? It’s amazing that our ship is so amazing! Is it not Zeus himself, or the silver-eyed Apollo, or the earth-shaker Poseidon? No, not like a mortal! This is one of the gods who live on bright Olympus. Let him out as soon as possible, sit him on the ground. As if we hadn’t heard the stormy winds and raised a dirty storm on the sea!

Ale captain with malice spoke to the wise Kermanic:

Liquid! Marvel, the wind is fair! Shvidko rushes our ship through the endless sea. We’ll talk about the young man later. We will sail to Egypt or to Cyprus, or to the distant land of the Hyperboreans and sell it there; Hey, this young man is looking for his friends and brothers. No, the gods sent it to us!

The robbers calmly rose from the wind and the ship of the Viyshov from the open sea. Then a miracle arose: rich wine flowed through the ship, and everything in the air was filled with aroma. The robbers seized the food. The vines with important groves were green on the windows; dark green ivy entwined around the goldfinch; Miracle fruits appeared everywhere; the oars were surrounded by garlands of flowers. If all these robbers began to swell, the stench of the blessings of the wise Kermanich began to rule as far as the shore. It's too late! Yunak turned to the left and stood on the deck with grim garchannies, his eyes fiercely flashing. A witch doctor appeared on the deck of the ship; She terribly scoffed at her pasture.

In panic, the robbers rushed to the stern and crowded around the Kermanich. With a majestic sweep, the lion rushed at the captain and rozder. Having lost hope of a fight, the robbers, one by one, rushed to the sea hulls, and Dionysus turned them into dolphins. Dionysus spared the helmsman. Having assumed their awesome image, they laughed pleasantly, saying to the Kermanich:

Don't fight! I'm loving you. I am Dionysus, the son of the thunderer Zeus and the daughter of Cadmus, Semele!

Ikarii

Dionysus honors people who worship him like a god. So he rewarded Icarius in Attica, when he received him in the living room. Dionysus gave him a vine, and Ikaria was the first grape in Attica. Alas, the share of Ikariya was a great one.

As if he had given wine to the shepherds, and the stinks, not knowing what the sleep was, believed that Ikaria had destroyed them, and killed him, and buried his body in the mountains. Ikariya’s daughter, Erigona, her dad was joking for a long time. Come on, with the help of her dog, Mairi found her father’s tomb over there. At the rose, the unfortunate Erigona hung on the very tree under which the father’s body lay. Dionysus took Ikarius, Erigon and the dog Myra to heaven. From that hour the stench burned in the sky of a clear night - this is the sir of Bootes, the Virgin of the Great Dog.

Midas

Compiled after Ovid's poem "Metamorphoses"

Once upon a time, the joyful Dionysus with the gallant march of maenads and satyrs fell on the leafy cliffs of Tmol near Phrygia. The retinue of Dionysus and Silenus did not exist. Vіstav i, stumbling on the skin, heavily intoxicated, wandering through the Phrygian fields. The villagers treated him, tied him with garlands of tickets, and took him to King Midas. Madas immediately recognized the reader Dionysus, received him with honor at his palace and spent nine days with luxurious banquets. On the tenth day, Midas himself elevated Silenus to the god Dionysus. Happy Dionysus, who gave Selenus the gift, and allowed Midas in the city to choose whatever gift he had given him to his teacher. Todi Midas hummed:

Oh, great god Dionysus, command that everything I touch be recreated in pure, shining gold!

Dionysus the victor of Midas; You have spoiled yourself by not choosing the best gift for yourself.

Radiouchi, pishov Midas. Rejoicing at the gift he had taken, he picks a green gold from the oak tree - the gold in his hands turns into gold. The wine ripples near the field of grain - the stinks melt golden, and the grains of gold are in them. The apple ripens - the apple transforms on gold, just like in the garden of the Hesperides. Everything that Midas touched immediately turned to gold. When I washed my hands, the water flowed down in golden drops. Radio Midas. The axis came to his palace. The servants prepared a rich banquet, and happy Midas sat down at the table. Here we realize what a greedy gift we have asked for from Dionysus. With one shot of Midas, everything was reduced to gold. Bread, all herbs, and wine became golden in the mouth. Then Midas realized that he would die of hunger. He stretched out his arms to the sky and hummed:

Have mercy, have mercy, Dionysus! Vibach! I thank you for mercy! Take this gift!

Dionysus appeared and said to Midas:

Go to the turns of Pactol