Bіy have a Danish prototsi. Bіy have a Danish prototsi. Biy at the Danish Prototsi

Bey at the Danish Prototsi

Opponents

Commander of the forces of the sides

Power of sides

Bey at the Danish Prototsi- naval battle of another world war between the ships of the Royal Navy of Great Britain and the Kriegsmarine (military and naval forces of the Third Reich). The British battleship "Prince of Wales" and the battle cruiser "Hood" were trying to defeat the German battleship "Bismarck" and the important cruiser "Prinz Eugen" to break through the Dansk Channel into the Pivnichna Atlantic. As a result, the battle cruiser Hood was sunk along with Admiral Lancelot Holland and 1,415 crew members.

History

On May 18, 1941, the German battleship Bismarck escorted the cruiser Prinz Eugen Wijshov of Gdynia to break into the Atlantic and begin attacking trade convoys. The ships were commanded by Admiral Gunter Lutyens. The Royal Fleet escorted Bismarck and Eugen to the shores of Norway, after which the stench disappeared on the 22nd. On the 22nd of May, Admiral John Tovey dispatched the battle cruiser Hood and the battleship Prince of Wales with destroyers to the sun-set coast of Iceland, and on the same day sailed across Scapa Flow with the battleship King George V ", the aircraft carrier "Victorious" and the defense ships , setting a course for the early descent of Scotland in order to meet Bismarck and Eugen there. In addition, Tovi sent the cruiser Suffolk to the Danish Channel, so that he could reach the cruiser Norfolk, which was already patrolling this channel. On the evening of May 23, two cruisers spotted Bismarck and Eugen and, having transmitted information about the location of the ships, went into the fog, continuing to follow the enemy at a distance of 10-14 miles.

Early on the 24th of May, Hood and the Prince of Wales spotted Bismarck and Prince Eugen, and at about 5:52 a fire broke out in the morning, moving at a distance of 22 kilometers from the enemy. Right away, Vice Admiral Holland ordered to open fire on the first ship of the Germans, who mistook it for Bismarck, and then Prince Eugen appeared - Bismarck was behind him. They gave the Prince of Wales a pardon and started fire on Bismarck. The Germans did not respond for a good hour, because they were given orders to shoot at the ships and not to enter the convoy warehouse. However, the captain of Bismarck Lindemann said that he would not allow Eugen to smoke recklessly, after which the offended German ships started firing at the British. After this, Holland realized his pardon and ordered Bismarck to start the fire, and not Eugen, but, judging by all means, his order did not go far enough to control the fire. At about 5:56 the Prince of Wales's shells hit Bismarck, damaging the fire tanks and causing the flow of fire and the supply of water to the tanks. Having already crossed the line, Prince Eugen and Bismarck immediately hit Hood on the nose, calling out for the cob. Bismarck avoided hitting the Prince of Wales below the waterline, and then flew through the Hud ridge near the wind through the acquisition of ammunition. Hood sank for treatment of hvilini. 1415 people died at once because of Admiral Holland. More than three people were twisting around. The Prince of Wales, prote, having continued the battle, was just not far away: in the confusion, the Germans would approach the Germans to a distance of 14 kilometers, in order to escape from the Hud, now sinking. Before that, the tanks of the nasal and ore vessels jammed, as a result of which the battleship was hesitant to leave the battle under the smoke curtain, preventing this from getting hit. Captain Lindemann, having begun the pursuit and sinking of the Prince of Wales, Protean Admiral Lutyens decided to continue the campaign.

Posilannya

• R. Grant “Battles at sea. 300 years of uninterrupted battles"

On May 27, 1941, a significant event occurred in the history of another world war: the English fleet lost the weakest warship at that time - the German battleship Bismarck. Having lost, after a long, repeated pursuit, having lost the pride and symbol of the British Empire - the important cruiser Hood.

Why is it significant? Head - at that hour: Hitler sent a clear signal to Stalin that he was seriously preparing to invade the British Isles. The tabletops are serious, ready to be thrown into battle with your strongest, carefully introducing the battleship into action. Until D-Day - the date of the attack on the Radyansky Union - a little more than a month was lost, and in a series of German maneuvers, which resulted in the battleship Bismarck becoming the most spectacular event. Having died, ale thi The people of the great Radyansky government, who shared Stalin’s hope for an escape from the Wehrmacht in the British Isles, knew that they were already preparing for the Bismarck’s sister ships, the battleship Tirpitz, and the battleship Scharnhorst before going to sea. "Gneisenau" is an important cruiser “Prinz Eugen”, which is the highest of the two raids from “Bismarck”, but the sums will be lost. Also for these people, the voyage of the battleship “Bismarck” symbolizes the prologue to the close, deadly German attack on England.

Golovnya - from a troubling historical perspective: the sinking of the battleship Bismarck marked the end of the change in the main forces on the military-naval scene. In his opinion, Churchill writes that the merit of defeating the Bismarck belongs to all types of military-naval forces, and that “battleships played a major role in the beginning and end of the battle.” It seems that there were signs of the bias of the “heavy military sailor” that he acquired during the First World War. Because the main role was played by aviation, and firstly by the low-speed Swordfish biplanes (similar to our Po-2, a little more than that).

Since the beginning of the Second World War, aviation played an active role in the ongoing battles at sea - the English, the leading aircraft carrier, and the German coast (there were no aircraft carriers in Germany).

I would like to remind you that aviation made a serious bid for leadership in the birch of 1941, when the same “Swordfish” began the defeat of the hard-fought Italian squadron.

Across the river, near the grass in 1942, the battle of the Coral Sea began at the end of the Pacific Ocean. It was an unexpected naval battle: the American and Japanese squadrons were separated by 350 kilometers. The opponents did not send the same information on their radar screens. Here - first in military-naval history - aviation became the main striking force on both sides. A new era has come - the era of aircraft carriers.

Yak tse bulo

Laid down 1 linen 1936 roku
Launched on the 14th of February 1939
Entering the Day - 24 September 1940
Full water capacity 50,129 tons
Waterline depth 241.5 meters
Ozbroennya:
4 head caliber turrets (Anton, Bruno, Dora, Cesar) with 8 harmatas of 38 centimeter caliber. All projectiles – 800 kg, firing range 36,520 meters
12 harmat caliber 15 centimeters
16 – 10.5 cm
16 – 3.7 cm
18 – 2 cm
Liquidity 29 knots
Navigation range 8525 miles (at speed 19 knots)
Armor protection of sides - 320 mm
Deck guard over the linings - 95 mm
4 aircraft Arado Ar 196
Crew 2065 osib

Raid of the battleship "Bismarck"

May 18-22, 1941
The battleship Bismarck and the important cruiser Prinz Eugen, under the supervision of the commander of the German surface fleet, Admiral Lutyens, begin their raid. They will go as far as Norway, watch out for fair weather, and then head straight to the Danish Channel.

21 May 1941 Roku
An English reconnaissance pilot spots German ships off the Bergen Fjord.

May 22, 1941
New reconnaissance reveals that the ships have been launched

May 23, 1941
The battleship "Bismarck" and the important cruiser "Prinz Eugen" were discovered in the Danish prototie by the English important cruisers "Norfolk" and "Suffolk". The British indicate the course and speed of the German raiders. Following the order of the commander of the English fleet on the Atlantic Ocean, there is a direct line of battleships and cruisers, and aircraft carriers. The first line is accompanied by the battleship “Prince of Wells” and the cruiser “Hood” escorted by six destroyers. The Germans, in their own way, established that the stench was detected, and regardless of the important sustrichny whine, the progress increased.

May 24, 1941
German raiders, accompanied by the cruisers Norfolk and Suffolk, go to the Northern Atlantic, pressing against the ice fields on the shores of Greenland.
-03 40. The English united forces are heading towards rapprochement with the German raiders.
-05 35. English ships establish contact with German ones. At this moment there are two pardons obtained by the English. First of all, the commander of the British forces, Vice Admiral Holland, ordered to fire at the dying Bismarck, respecting the fact that he was still in line. Tim hosts the “Prinz Eugen” for an hour. Another pardon was serious. The English took the wrong tactical position for battle. Their ships are heading ahead of the Germans on a course in which they cannot operate the stern vessels of the head caliber - all of 18 gamma. The Germans are beginning to gain advantage in the effort of a harmonic volley.

-05 52. The British are starting a fire at a distance of 22.7 km. English shells are flying with great overflow, and the Prince of Wales is about to hit the battleship Bismarck.
-05 55. The Germans are starting a fire. With another salvo, the stench covers the cruiser “Hood”, which is going ahead, on which the fire is severely burned.

May 24, 1941 05.55 morning The battleship "Bismarck" sets fire to the cruiser "Hood"

-06 00. Considering the lack of visibility of his position, Vice Admiral Holland orders a change of course by 20 degrees to port, in order to put the stern gear into action and conduct the battle on parallel courses. The battleship "Bismarck" is again preventing the hit of an important shell.

-06 01 At the beginning of the turn to "Hood" an important projectile from the "Bismarck" is sunk. Behind the bow of the cruiser, a blindingly bright floor rises. The majestic ship, having broken completely, is going under the water. The destroyers have now begun to pick up three sailors from a crew of over 1,500 people. At this point, “Prince of Wales” suggests a third loss at “Bismarck”.
(The reasons for such a quick sinking of the cruiser "Hood" were discussed by Academician Krilov. Marvel at his "Spogadi" Yu.M.)

German ships transfer the fire to the English battleship, resulting in five 381-mm shells from the battleship Bismarck and three 203-mm shells from the Prinz Eugen. The battleship "Prince of Wells" is covered with a smoke curtain and goes from the scene of battle, but does not let the German raiders out of the visibility of their radars.

May 24, 1941, day
The battleship "Prince of Wells" in Viyshov by the sea has not yet been "brought to condition". (The heads of the head caliber, for example, have not yet been accepted as alarms. And one of them simply went out of order during the battle). Regardless of this and the removal of damage, he continues with both “Norfolk” and “Suffolk” to follow the German raiders.

May 24, 1941, day
Admiral Lutyens plans to change the plan of operation: divide the ships and send the Prinz Eugen to the raid on an independent route. In the distance, the ship was spinning to the point of complete destruction.
There was a serious reason for this decision of Lutyens: one of the important shells fired at the battleship Prince of Wales damaged two bow fuel tanks of the Bismarck. The battleship "Bismarck" is losing sleep, water is flooding the bows, and the ship's fluidity is plummeting. Lutyens orders his officers to return to Germany for repairs on the road. I hope to make my way to Brest (France), where there is a dock built to accommodate the battleship Bismarck.

May 24, 1941, day
The British do not know about the serious damage to the battleship Bismarck and are making every effort to cross it on the bottom of the Atlantic, preventing the number of convoys that are churning the ocean.
Following the battleship "Bismarck" and possibly instructing the cruisers "Norfolk" and "Suffolk" to go from it under the command of Rear Admiral Wake-Walker. The battleship "Prince of Wells" is docking right there.
Suddenly, under the leadership of the commander of the metropolitan fleet, Admiral Ser John Tove, the flagship squadron collapses at the warehouse of the battleship "King George V", the battle cruiser "Repulse" and the aircraft carrier "Victoria".
The battleship “Rodniy”, the cruisers “London”, “Edinburgh”, “Dorsetshire” and a small number of destroyer flotillas will immediately go there.
The battleships "Remmiles" and "Rivend" are sailing from the approach.
Today, Admiral Sommerville's squadron is collapsing at the warehouse of the aircraft carrier Ark Royal, the battle cruiser Renown and the cruiser Shefield.
The British will abandon all their convoys and transport routes without protection and gather their ships at the Great Circle near the Atlantic Ocean, counting on a great superiority in forces.
But their share did not laugh at them.

May 24, 1941
-18 00-19 00. The battleship "Bismarck" is making a turn and is not suitable for the British, right in front of them. The English ships are leaving. The cruiser “Prinz Eugen” is currently at the front of the serpanka, heading for the evening approach. The Bismarck gets hot and continues its voyage to the shores of France.
May 24, 1941
22 00. The aircraft carrier "Vikories" is approaching the battleship "Bismarck" and, regardless of the late hour, lifts into the wind its torpedo bomber "Swordfish" - an outdated model of another world war biplane torpedo bomber with a speed of 200 kilometers per year. 9 pilots find the battleship "Bismarck" in pitch darkness and throw torpedoes, only one sinks on target, but does not cause serious damage.
(The warheads of the British torpedoes were fired with dynamite, just as the Germans had already built a warehouse for torpedoes to use hexogen. Yu.M.)

May 25, 1941
-03 06. The battleship Bismarck turns around again and goes on the attack against the corral of Wake-Walker's ships. The British leave and make contact with the German battleship. Continuing on their way to the last escape, “Bismarck” licks through the cordon of English ships and knows there is a good chance of escaping the pursuit.
This is where the “radio war” begins.

May 25, 1941, day
The battleship Bismarck sends a radiogram, and the British take direction to the ship. However, when the data is transferred to the fleet, peace is made and part of the English ships are deployed on a reverse course - to Iceland. The arrears appear, but a lot of valuable years have been spent.

May 26, 1941
7 00-8 00 "Bismarck" powers two radiograms, one of which can be decrypted. From her, the English find out about Lutyens’ decision to break through to Brest. Or rather, the place where “Bismarck” is located, as before, remains unknown.

May 26, 1941
10-30 The flying chawl "Catalina" of the command of the English coastal aviation is the battleship "Bismarck".

May 26, 1941, day
The British are aware that the battleship Bismarck has a real chance of breaking through to Brest. To stop him, Admiral Tovi is likely to throw himself into an active torpedo bomber from the aircraft carrier Ark Royal, which is 130 kilometers from the battleship Bismarck.
The weather is miserable: uninterrupted rain, great winds are clouding the golden deck, the aircraft carrier’s keel reaches 30 degrees. The gloom lies over the sea. Visibility does not exceed hundreds of meters. In this situation, ten Swordfish aircraft fly off and head for the enemy. The first on its current course is the English cruiser Sheffield, which is directly in close proximity to the Bismarck. In all likelihood, the torpedo bomber mistakes the cruiser Shefield for the battleship Bismarck and attacks her. Fortunately, the same torpedo does not hit the target.

May 26, 1941
19 00 - 20 00
The weather will continue to get worse. Storm is coming. Visibility drops. It's evening. The aircraft carrier Ark Royal is about to repeat the raid. The remaining fresh 15 crews take off from the deck, which is rocking, and set a course for the Bismarck. Just after the first two rounds, the artillery of the battleship “Bismarck” engages the slow-moving planes with intense anti-aircraft fire. The air over the ship is sharpened by a thick ring of tears. Breaking through the new, the British attack at different courses and at different heights. Her ability to bring success. Two, and possibly three, torpedoes are sunk at the target. The vibration of one of them, which sunk into the aft part of the ship, was fatal for the Bismarck. This vibukh deduce the system of keruvannya kerms and ushkodzhuya gvinti battleship. "Bismarck" is unable to maintain a steady course and describes irregular zigzags at sea. Shortly before midnight, Admiral Lutyens informed the command: “The ship has expired and is being repaired. We are fighting to reach the remaining shell. Glory Fuhrer!”

Until that moment, the British faced a truly dramatic situation: they managed to destroy the battleship Bismarck, but on their important ships, which would give the raider a residual blow, the fire began to fade. The stench began to stain the unfinished stock. Prime Minister Churchill instructed Admiral Toby to re-examine the battleship Bismarck to the end, as the English squadron would then have to be towed home. After another torpedo attack, reconnaissance pilots from the aircraft carrier "Ark Royal" and the English cruisers, who were at close range, report that the battleship "Bismarck" walked with stakes and wasted a lot of money iv u shvidkosti. The English are likely to date the remaining battle of the raider. At night, their destroyers attack the giant, but they are unable to sink them. One day before the battle, the English battleships arrived.

May 27, 1941
08-47
The battleship "Ridni" is firing from nine 406-mm guns. For Khvilina - "King George V". The battleship "Bismarck" confirms and hits the "Ridni" with the third salvo. Otherwise, the English battleship will suffer from the impact, as the shells will destroy the cores of the warheads, and will also land the Bismarck’s fire control. The raider is engulfed in fire, but will continue to be shot. The English will start the fire.

10-15. On the battleship "Bismarck" the remaining tanks are closed, and then the machines continue to operate and continue to grow in full. To save space and try to speed up the release, Admiral Tove orders the cruiser Dorsetshire to launch a torpedo attack. Dorsetshire fires 4 torpedoes at the battleship Bismarck. "Bismarck" is transformed into a burning island, but still flounders afloat.
The following shells were fired at the battleship Bismarck:
380 -40.6 cm from "Ridni"
339 - 35.6 cm with "King George V"
527 - 20.3 cm w "Norfolk"
254 - 20.3 cm w "Dorsetshire"
716 - 15.2 cm from "Ridni"
660 - 13.3 cm from "King George V"

It is clear that everything is over, the Germans open the Kingstons, and the battleship Bismarck turns stern forward and kicks on the left side.
He has a team of over 2000 people. 110 people were recruited, including only one officer.

In 1989, American oceanographer Robert Ballard knew about the sinking of the battleship Bismarck.

Battleship "Bismarck" on the day

Biy at the Danish Prototsi
The Battle of Denmark, just like the Battle of Iceland, was essentially a short battle that lasted just over a quarter of a year. But then there was the destruction of the titans - the largest battleships of the world at that time tested their strength, and on the right ended in the death of one of these giants.
Early on the 24th, the weather became fine and the visibility improved. The Germans set a course of 220 degrees at a speed of 28 knots, and at 05.25 Prinz Eugen's hydroacoustics detected the noise of the propellers of two ships on the port side. At about 05:37 the Germans visually spotted what they initially thought was a light cruiser at a distance of 19 miles (35 km) on the port side. At about 05:43 another silhouette was revealed and the battle alert was sounded. On Bismarck they still haven’t figured out that the stinks themselves are guarding, with respect to the important cruisers. And on the right, the precise identification of the enemy’s ships is of little great importance for the upcoming battle, so it was necessary to determine the type of shells for firing. The commander of Prince Eugen's artillery, Lieutenant-Captain Pauls Jasper, made a strong decision that they were guarding the important cruisers of the English, and ordered that the shells be loaded with additional shells. In fact, the Hood and Prince of Wales were rapidly approaching the Germans, heading 280 degrees, with a speed of 28 knots. Tsilkom Ymovirno, Sho Vice Admіla Holland, I know about the weakness of the Linіyny cruiser Hood in the battle in distant distances, Hotivs are in the way, there is a skeleton, a bun of the extension of the passion of the abstains of the nanovets can for the enemy for the enemy. Also, Lutyens had no choice but to get lost in the battle. It will be inevitable.
Two 381mm caliber shells fall on the order of Prinz Eugen

The English also stole from recognized silhouettes, and having believed that Bismarck was in charge, Holland ordered Hood and the Prince of Wales to open the fire in the head. After which the British ships turned their right hand by 20 degrees, thereby taking a course of 300 degrees. About 05:52 Holland decided that Bismarck was not the lead, and gave secondary commands, but I will wait for Hood to continue with the lead - Prince Eugen. The Prince of Wales correctly selected the command and switched his sights to Bismarck, which was directly in the wake of Prince Eugen at a distance of about a mile. Unauthorized for everyone, at 05.52.5 Hud vokriv fire, at a distance of 12.5 miles. Following him, the Prince of Wales spat out the first volleys. Both ships fired volleys from the bows, the sterns could not be entered from the right through the overlying corner of the approach. Admiral Lutyens reported the command of the radiogram “Having entered the battle with two important enemy ships” - and succumbed to the elements of the battle.
The first shells from the Prince of Wales separated - some flew over Bismarck, others fell into the sea as stern. The Prince of Wales suddenly began to have technical problems, and the first thing went wrong with his nose. The offensive volleys of the Welsh also did not waste their target, whistling over the Aryan heads and bursting into the safe distance. Hood’s first volleys fell short, however, dousing the cruiser in water due to explosions - I’ll guess that Hood started the pursuit of Prince Eugen.

Bashti Dora - vogon! Bismarck enters on the right.
Bismarck starts fire on Hood

The shells of the abominable English began to land closer, and the Germans were still roaring. The commander of Bismarck's artillery, Lieutenant-Captain Adalbert Schneider, having asked for the go-ahead to start the fire, did not check the commands from the ship's command post. Adalbert, having been at the command post, controlled the fire on the foresail. Let us know, about 05:55, when the British turned 20 degrees and thereby helped the Germans realize that they were looming right next to Hood and the battleship of the King George V class, Bismarck in the middle of the fire, and quietly Following him is Prince Eugen. At this time the distance was approximately 11 miles (20,300 meters). The offensive German ships concentrated their fire on the enemy's lead ship, the battle cruiser Hood. Bismarck's first salvo is undershot. At this hour, the commander of Prinz Eugen orders the commander of the mine-torpedo warhead, Lieutenant Reimann, to load the torpedo tubes on the port side with torpedoes with a diameter of 53.3 cm and open the fire, without checking commands from the area, as only the ship reaches the torpedo zone I’ll smell a lot, at a glance. The 5th salvo of the Welsh returned with overflow, protest, not turned off, hitting the battleship, although the Prince of Wales was not recorded. The fire of the Germans cannot be called anything other than snipers. About 05.57 Prinz Eugen recorded the first attack, and her shells hit Hood near the grotto-shogli area. The explosions of the shells screamed a great burn, the half widened to another smoke pipe.
It also happened to Bismarck that there was a famous accident, as a fire tank was penetrated, and now the battleship lost its trace in what looked like a wide oil slick. Lutyens ordered Prince Eugen to transfer the fire to the Prince of Wales, and Bismarck's artillerymen to open fire and a shell of a different caliber behind the Prince of Wales.

Poor Hoodoo
Bismarck drives the Hood

About 06.00 Hood and the Prince of Wales began to move to the left by 20 degrees, thereby allowing the head caliber to enter the right stern. And at this very hour Bismarck’s fifth salvo hit Hood with direct attacks. The distance at that time was less than 9 miles (16,668 km). At least one shell from the salvo, with a caliber of 15 inches, pierced through Hood’s armored belt, flew into the powder shafts and swelled there. Then he shook the eyewitnesses with his power. Hood, the Great Hood, which for 20 years was the largest ship of the line in the world, the pride of the Royal Navy, split in two and sank in just three weeks. The point with coordinates is 63 degrees 22 degrees latitude, 32 degrees 17 degrees north latitude. The stern part sank first, the stern went uphill, the bow followed it, the stem went uphill. No one was able to leave the ship, it was all so bad. Of the 1,418 people who were on board, only three died... Admiral Holland and his staff, the ship's commander Ralph Kerr and other officers died. The three survivors were picked up from the water by the destroyer Elektra and later dropped off at Reykjavik.
06.01 Hud is flying into the wind, as seen from Prinz Eugen

After Hood's blow, Bismarck turned his right hand and transferred the fire to the still living Prince of Wales. The English battleship was also turned around so as not to crash into the sinking remains of Hood, and thus ended up between the sinking Hood and the Germans, representing a miracle meta. The Germans did not miss their goal. On 02/06, a Bismarck shell exploded near the battle scar of the Prince of Wales, killing everyone who was there, including the battleship commander John Catterall and another person. The distance shortened to 14,000 meters, now the largest anti-aircraft caliber of Prince Eugen's shells could reach the Welsh body, and, of course, the anti-aircraft installations also started the fire. Since the English battleship did not want to share Hood's share, he needed to carry his legs. І shvidshe. The English put up a curtain on Dimov and rushed to attack at maximum speed. It was a great experience for them – after being received from Bismarck and three times from Prinz Eugen. Finally, burning on their feet, the British fired three volleys from the old “Y”, which had been carved at the time of firing on their own, but were unsuccessful, all the volleys went through every time. On 09/06 the Germans fired their last salvo, and the Battle of the Danish Channel ended. Many sailors from the Prince of Wales, perhaps, after this campaign, lit candles in the church for a riddle about their warrior, Admiral Lutyens. On the right is that the English were hostile to the fact that the German raiders did not finish off the Prince of Wales. Above all, there is only one reason here - Lutyens hastened to eliminate the leading forces of the English who were quick to fight, and decided not to waste an hour on the chase. There is no doubt, Lutyens and the overcoming sailors of the raiders wanted nothing more at that moment than to catch up with Welsh and send him to Hood's company, rather than defeat them through the election, defeating Lutyens, they were stronger.
Between 02/06 and 09/06 Bismarck transfer fire to the battleship Prince of Wales after the sinking of Hood. The most famous photograph of Bismarck is recognized as one of the most recent photographs of the Other Light War. Taken from Prinz Eugen. Shoot the stern turrets of the battleship. It’s not a day, the photo came out darkened by the bright flames of the salvo.

Prince Eugen suffered no harm from the fire of the English, except for the damage to the deck, which became wet from the nearby explosions, and a number of fragments that rang powerlessly about this deck. And Bismarck lost the axle badly. These were not the English sailors who should have died penniless. Three important shells hit the left side of the battleship, which went beyond everything, all three from the Prince of Wales. The first one hit the battleship in the middle of the hull below the waterline, pierced the skin below the armor belt and ruptured in the middle of the hull, as a result of which it flooded power station No. 4 on the port side. The water began to reach the boiler house No. 2, but the emergency batches stopped flowing. Another shell penetrated the hull through the armor belt and the hull from the starboard side, without bulging, but made a hole with a diameter of 1.5 meters. As a result, nearly 2,000 tons of water poured into the tank, the fire tank was damaged, and the battleship wasted 1,000 tons of fire. Plus a trail of fire that spreads... The third shell pierced the boat without any other traces.
Scheme of battle in the Danish prototype

The most significant result of all these hits was that Bismarck's liquidity dropped to 28 knots. There was a trim of 3 degrees on the bow and a list of 9 degrees on the left side, after which the starboard screw became exposed hour after hour. I had a chance to take water into the ballast tanks to lower the heel.
Technically speaking, nothing serious happened to Bismarck. Without losing strength, the fluidity was lost sufficiently, and the crew suffered from minor injuries - in other words, rags. The most serious legacy was the loss of a small part of the fire.

75 years ago, on May 18, 1941, the largest battleship of the Third Reich, the Bismarck, began its first combat campaign, which became the last for us. The details of this campaign were incredibly viral and luscious, which were dedicated to them in countless books and films. The most famous feature film about the share of the ship was the line “Sink the Bismarck!”, which was released on the screen in 1960. To what extent does the real story of “Bismarck” differ from the cinematic one?

Narodzhennya

People began to think about the appearance of the upcoming super battleship in Nimechchina back in 1932. Initially, the water capacity becomes 35,000 tons, and the total volume is 330 mm. However, “in an hour, the dog became very young,” and on the 14th of 1939 the “Bismarck” rock, with a depth of over 240 m, a maximum water capacity of approximately 51,000 tons, and even with a pair of new 380-mm fittings in the skin, it would be clear launching at the presence Hitler and the commander of the fleet of Grand Admiral Raeder.

Dimensions, practically any detail, “Bismarck” was opposed to reality. Kozhen projectile for the ship's harmati vazhiv 800 kg. 12 high-pressure boilers provided the majestic battleship with a speed of 30 knots. The head belt of the ship is made of welded slabs of cemented armored steel KS made of 320 mm. For its strength, this steel was one of the best in the world - even though the British with the SA grade would make the armor brighter. The reserve capacity of the armor became 18,700 tons - or 40% of the combat water capacity of the project.

"Bismarck" at the base in Kili. The image allows you to estimate the size of the ship
www.steelnavy.com

"Bismarck" is on its way

Until the beginning of 1941, German battleships were already bearing witness to distant raids into the Atlantic. During Operation Berlin, 22 September-22 Birch 1941, the battleships Scharnhorst and Gneisenau could sink 22 ships with a seawater capacity of over 115,000 tons. Grand Admiral Raeder, naturally, will repeat the same and success. Under the “Training on the Rhine” plan, “Bismarck” and support ships were unlikely to leave the ports of Nimecchini, and “Scharnhorst” and “Gneisenau” - from the French Brest. In the distance, the stench began to wreak havoc on the convoy throughout the Northern Atlantic. The captain of the Bismarck was Ernst Lindemann, and all ship groups were commanded by Admiral Gunter Lutyens.

However, the cob’s plans have gone awry. At first, the steam superheater tubes at Scharnhorst were out of order—it took several months of repairs. Then the Gneisenau “caught” a torpedo from the Beaufort, which flew by, and the Bismarck lost only the important cruiser Prinz Eugen from the bet. And here is the “Prinz Eugen” on the crossroads from Gotenhafen to Kiel, having landed on a magnetic mine. I had to check for my repair - Raeder was afraid of the imminent entry into the US war (there would immediately be more warships in the ocean) and did not want to end the operation for good.

The result of “Bismarck” was played by the sea on the night of the 19th of May (a few hours earlier, having completed “Prinz Eugen”). The adversaries quickly learned about the super-linkor's entry into the field - already on May 20, around 15, the Swedish cruiser "Gotland" transmitted a radiogram about the zustrich from the German squadron. The radiogram was lost to the English. On the 21st of May, the reconnaissance "Spitfire" photographed both "Bismarck" and "Prinz Eugen".

The British announced their discovery of the important cruisers Norfolk and Suffolk, which were already at sea, as well as the light cruisers Birmingham and Manchester. A squadron of the new battleship "Prince of Wales" (on board of which the shipyard soldiers were no longer on board), the battle cruiser "Hood" and six destroyers came out to recapture the enemy. The battleship "King George V" is still in storage at the base in Scapa Flow.

It was around the evening of the 21st Bismarck, writhing in the fog, collapsing all the way to the Arctic. On May 22, having learned that the Germans were already at sea, the King George V and the aircraft carrier Victories with 5 light cruisers also abandoned the base. Then the battle cruiser Repulse from the Clyde, the battle cruiser Renown and the aircraft carrier Ark Royal from Gibraltar joined the search for Bismarck.

Persha shelter

On the evening of May 23, the important cruiser Suffolk, and then Norfolk, detected the German squadron by radar. The future of the Danish prototype between Greenland and Iceland began to flourish. The first to reveal the enemy were the fires "Hood" and "Prince of Wales". About 5:55 "Bismarck" vidpov. And rapt, about 6:01 after the fifth salvo of the Bismarck...

Death of Hoodoo

“Hood”, recently the largest ship in the British fleet, its beauty and pride, and with it many thousands (more precisely, 1415 rubles) of crew members practically disappeared into the sea. Only three people overtook Vryatuvati. All the fans of the fleet are worried about what happened to the Hood. The trajectories are vibrated, as the armor-piercing projectile itself, when turning the battleship, can pierce the armor belt, the slope of the armored deck and the cellar of 102-mm shells. Maybe go through the turbine section? What about drinking water or simply “propping” it under your belt? Such a projectile, which did not wobble, was just found in the “Prince of Wales”. The pouch (also a real one): the gunpowder burned off from the tree, and the fried gases rushed through the ventilation shafts. Tens of tons of gunpowder were used as much as a head - and in just a few seconds they broke the hull of the ship.

Two weeks later, the “Prince of Wales” took off the sprat in the sun, hiding behind smoke and fighting. "Bismarck" suffered three accidents: one ruptured a pipeline to the combustion tanks, another ruptured a catapult for a ship's hydroplane, and the third ruptured a steam pipeline to the turbogenerator section. As a result, the ship's speed dropped to 28 knots, and the fire flowed overboard. Having thought about it, Admiral Lutyens decided to turn the Bismarck back to Brest for repairs, and release the Prinz Eugen for independent watering.

On the evening of 22:00, the Bismarck was attacked by all the Swordfish torpedo bombers from the aircraft carrier Victories, under the cover of six Fulmar ships. Although the pilots flew off the deck first, one of them managed to hit the battleship. Already at night, the British cruisers... lost the Bismarck on radar. Ironically, the battleship received a replacement radar, and Lutyens, thinking that the British were still aware of their location, sent a long radiogram about the information center on board. The British were able to take bearings of the Bismarck, but they incorrectly entered the data onto the map. As a result, hundreds of ships spent many years searching for the Bismarck in the wrong place, when it sailed in the right direction. And on the 26th of July, patrol Catalina again spotted the elusive battleship.

But now the British ships could not catch up with the Bismarck. The remaining hope for carrier-based aviation was lost. 14 "Swordfish" from the aircraft carrier "Ark Royal" fired 11 torpedoes... behind their own cruiser "Shefield". Fortunately, the magnetic boosters of several torpedoes were fired early, before the ship decided to take off. And only one other attack fell on the right side. Of the 13 torpedoes, two or three were sunk on target. Only one thing became fatal - the kerma of the battleship was tightly jammed.

At night, the Bismarck was attacked by British destroyers. Having fired 14 torpedoes on an uncoated ship, the stench... they didn’t waste a single time. And the French lost the battleship again, but soon they discovered it again.

Death of Bismarck

The British threw at the final battle the battleships "Ridni" and "King George V" with 406-mm and 356-mm guns. The first salvo at 8:47 was fired by "Ridni". In less than a year, the British were able to bring all the important elements of the main caliber of the Bismarck into order. Nezabar closed other harmati. The German battleship was a burning ruin. “Ridni”, as soon as possible, decided to engage with the enemy before the heat ceased, firing at the hopeless “Bismarck” with large-caliber 24.5-inch torpedoes, and missing. Although the ships “King George V” and “Kinfolk” were not always working, they fired at least three thousand (more precisely, 2876) shells with a caliber of 133 to 406 mm together with the important cruisers “Norfolk” and “Dorsetshire” and reached approximately 300–400 a day. Flying projectiles could be marked by an unprotected eye.

First explosions of British shells http://www.kbismarck.com/

The officers of the Bismarck, having lost their lives, decided to scuttle the ship with explosive charges. After 10.20 the charges detonated, and the Bismarck began to list completely to the left side. About an hour later, the Dorsetshire launched a torpedo attack: two torpedoes were sunk on the starboard side, then another was fired into the left. At about 10:39 p.m. the battleship capsized and sank. German submarines and aircraft never came to my aid. The British managed to kill more than 115 people, and over 2,100 met their death by the water.

On the screen and under the water

After the war, the time for cinematography has come. The film “Sink Bismarck!” was released on the screen in 1960. has earned endless praise for the accuracy of its depiction of historical scenes. It’s not surprising - for example, Edward Merow, a journalist, familiar with radio reports from military London, played in the film... himself. Esmond Knight, captain of the Prince of Wales, was on board the same ship on the 41st and was wounded in that very battle. The real chronicle of the Bismarck's launch and records of battles were compiled. The sights of the ships “in the middle” were taken on the “Vengard” - the only British battleship that survived to this day.

Edward Merow

The cracking of codes with the help of analysts at Bletchley Park was no longer secret until 1975, so the film has no clue. Then in the cinema it is clear that the “Catalina” flies, which is known as the “Bismarck”. They didn’t say anything about the attack on their own ship. The complexity of the work of the British headquarters, which means the size of the ships, is clearly depicted.

To enhance the drama on the screen, the British “incurred” serious expenses, which are not true in reality: “Bismarck” shoots down two “Swordfish” with anti-aircraft fire (in fact, a number of airmen were crippled). However, the scene where the discovery is announced and the order of the three pilots is absolutely accurate. Two winemakers "Fulmar" and "Victorias", who had spent their lives, sat in the sea, and three people were killed.

The same battleship, having already recovered the fatal torpedo, repels the attack of the destroyers and sinks one of them, the Solent. There was no such destroyer in the British fleet's warehouse, and not a single destroyer was wasted. Otherwise, after the kerma lesion, it would have looked like a pure “one-sided game.”

"Bismarck" on the cinema screen

Admiral Lutyens in the film testifies as a hot robber of Hitler and converts, if not a fanatical, Nazi. Vin, with great enthusiasm, gladly guides the team on a grand scale and is able to follow the convoys. However, the crew members who saw it described the real Lutyens as a thoughtful and gloomy person. In life, the admiral continued on this operation until the completion of the repair of the Scharnhorst or the introduction of the Tyrpitz into operation. Lutyens also did not want to engage in battle with “Hood” and “Prince of Wales” (the overrun of the convoys was much more important than the dueling) - and in the movie he himself orders Lindemann to stop the fire.

And only through many fates after the war were submarines able to reach the remains of the Hood and Bismarck. Judging by the position of the rules, “Hood” rightly began to turn in front of the vibrator. In 2002, his fate was deafened by military obeisances, and all the distant robots began to do so.

"Bismarck" on the day http://www.kbismarck.com/

In 2002, the famous film director and deep-sea diving enthusiast James Cameron organized an expedition to the Bismarck on the ship Academician Mstislav Keldish. After the help of bathyscaphes "Mir-1" and "Mir-2" it was necessary to establish the nature of the damage to the hull. According to new information, it is possible that the ship was the result of flooding by its crew (as those who saw the crew have always confirmed).

Dzherela that literature:

1. http://www.imdb.com/
2. http://www.kbismarck.com/
3. http://www.scharnhorst-class.dk/
4. Evans, Alun. Brassey's Guide to War Films. Dulles, Virginia: Potomac Books, 2000.
5. Burkhard von Müllenheim-Rechberg. Battleship "Bismarck". - M., Eksmo, Yauza. 2006.
6. Dash'yan A. Vbivtsi "Bismarck". Linkory "Nelson" and "Ridni". M., Collection, Yauza, Eksmo, 2010.
7. Kofman V. The Death of the Lord of the Seas. Battlecruiser Hood. – M., Collection, Yauza, Eksmo, 2009.
8. Malov A. A., Patyanin S. V. Linkori “Bismarck” and “Tirpits”. - M: Eksmo, 2014