Basic information about materials. With high magnetic penetration and low coercive force, soft magnetic materials are responsible for high saturation induction, so. pass the maximum magnetic flux through a given cross-section area of ​​the magnetic circuit. This system allows you to change the overall dimensions and weight of the magnetic system.

The magnetic material that vicorizes in alternating fields is probably responsible for less expenses on remagnetization, which consist mainly of expenses on hysteresis and vortex jets.

To reduce the costs of vortex jets in transformers, choose magnetic materials with a moving power support. Therefore, magnetic conductors are selected from solid insulated sheets of one type. Widely used, the stitch cores were removed, which wind from a thin stitch with interfacing insulation from a dielectric varnish. Sheet and string materials exhibit high plasticity, which makes the process of preparing products from them easier.

An important concern for magnetic materials is to ensure the stability of their power, both over time and in relation to current influxes, such as temperature and mechanical stress. Due to all magnetic characteristics, the greatest changes during the operation of the material are its strong magnetic penetration (especially in weak fields) and coercive force.

Feriti.

As it was meant, ferrites are oxide magnetic materials, in which the spontaneous magnetization of domains is due to uncompensated antiferomagnetism.

The great pet of the opera, which exceeds the pet of the opera, climbs 10 3 -10 13 times, and, therefore, the apparently insignificant expenditure of energy in the field of displacements and high frequencies, in order of magnitude with high magnetic powers, will ensure It is widely used in radioelectronics.

Table 2 Groups and brands of magnetic ferrites.

Highly penetrating feriti. As magnetic materials, nickel-zinc and manganese-zinc ferrites are most widely used. The odors crystallize in the structure of the spinel and solid substitution elements created by two simple ferrites, one of which (NiFe 2 O 4 or MnFe2O4) is ferrimagnetic, and the other (ZnFe 2 O 4) is non-magnetic. The main patterns of change in magnetic power in storage in such systems are presented in Figs. 2 and 3. To explain the patterns that should be avoided, it is necessary to take into account that zinc cations in the structure of the spinel always occupy tetras single sour internodes, and trivalent cations may be found in tetra-, and in octahedral spaces. Warehouse of solid goods with organized parts

cations behind sour interunits can be characterized by the following formula:

(Zn 2+ x Fe 3+ 1-x)O 4

de arrows intelligently indicate directly magnetic moments ions in the same type of fireplaces. It can be seen that the entry of zinc into the crystalline crystals is accompanied by the presence of zinc in the octahedral positions. The magnetization of the tetrahedral (A) grap changes and the level of compensation for the magnetic moments of the cations present in different graps (A and B) decreases. As a result, a similar effect occurs: an increased concentration of the non-magnetic component leads to increased magnetization of the magnetization (and therefore, s) of the solid material (Fig. 2). However, the dilution of solid minerals with non-magnetic ferite results in a weakening of the main exchange interaction of the A-O-B type, which is reflected in a monotonic decrease in the Curie temperature (T to) with an increase in the mole fraction of ZnFe 2 O 4 in storage ferro spinels. The rapid decline in the saturation induction in the region x > 0.5 is explained by the fact that the magnetic moments of a small number of ions in the tetrahedral sublattice are no longer oriented antiparallel to their own magnet These are the moments of all cations that are under consideration. In other words, A-O-B type exchanges are so weak that they cannot stifle competing interactions. type V-O-V, which is also negative and prevents the antiparallel orientation of the magnetic moments of the cations in the B-substrate.

The weakening of the exchange interaction between cations with an increase in the non-magnetic component leads to a change in the constants of crystallographic anisotropy and magnetostriction. Therefore, it will be easier to remagnetize the ferrimagnet in weak fields, then. Cob magnetic penetration increases. The initial indication of the deposit of cob magnetic penetration into the solid phase storage is given in Fig. 3. The maximum value of penetration is indicated by the point at the trikuputnik of warehouses with the orientation coordinates of 50% Fe 2 O 3, 15% NiO and 35% ZnO. This point indicates a solid breakdown Ni 1-x Zn x Fe 2 O 4 3 x "0.7. By correcting Figs. 2 and 3, it is possible to proceed with a smooth process that fertilizes with high magnetic penetration due to the low Curie temperature. Similar patterns are observed for manganese-zinc ferites.

The values ​​of coarse magnetic penetration and coercive force are determined by the composition of the material and its structure. Changes that require the free movement of domain cordons when a weak magnetic field is poured onto the ferite, including microscopic pores, the inclusion of side phases, sections with a defective crystal lattice, and the reduction of these structural barriers c, which also complicates the magnetization process, allows you to significantly increase the magnetic penetration of the material . Great influx The value of the cob magnetic penetration of ferrites determines the size of the crystal grains. Manganese-zinc ferrites with a coarse-grained structure can achieve cob magnetic penetration up to 20,000. These values ​​are close to cob magnetic penetration best brands pearl.

Magnetic power. For ferrites such as variable fields, in addition to cob magnetic penetration, one of the most important characteristics is the cost tangent tgd. The low conductivity of storage costs on vortex jets in ferrites is practically small and can be obtained from it. In weak magnetic fields, the costs for hysteresis are insignificant. Therefore, the value of tgd in ferites at high frequencies is most important due to magnetic losses, vibrational relaxation and resonant effects. To assess the permissible frequency range in which this material can be used, introduce the concept of critical frequency f cr. Set fcr to understand this frequency if tgd reaches the value of 0.1.

The inertia of the reduction of domain cordons, which appears at high frequencies, leads not only to an increase in magnetic losses, but also to a decrease in the magnetic penetration of ferrites. The frequency f gr, at which the cob magnetic penetration changes to 0.7 times its value in a stationary magnetic field, is called boundary. As a rule, f cr< f гр. Для equal assessment The viscosity of magnetic ferrites at given values ​​of H and f is a manual characteristic of the yield tangent of the expenditure, which is understood as the ratio tgd/m n.

The equalization of the magnetic powers of ferrites with a new cob magnetic penetration shows that in the frequency distribution up to 1 MHz manganese-zinc ferrites have a significantly lower water-bearing tangent to the cost of consumption, lower than the nickel-zinc phase riti. This results in very small costs for hysteresis in manganese-zinc ferites in weak fields. The additional supply of highly penetrating manganese-zinc ferrites promotes saturation induction and greater high temperature Curie. At the same time, nickel-zinc ferrites have a higher power output and a higher frequency power.

In ferites, as well as in pheromagnets, the reversible magnetic penetration can change significantly under the influx of constant field tension, which is magnetic, and in highly penetrating ferrites this persistence is more pronounced sharply, lower in high-frequency ferrites with low cob magnetic penetration.

The magnetic power of ferrites lies under mechanical stresses, which can arise when the winding is applied, the components are attached and for other reasons. To avoid deterioration of the magnetic characteristics, the ferritity of the track should be protected from mechanical damage.

Electric power. The electrical powers of feriti belong to the class of conductors or dielectrics. Its electrical conductivity is determined by the processes of electronic exchange between ions of changeable valence ("strip" mechanism). The electrons that are exchanged can carry a charge, the concentration of which is low depending on the temperature. At the same time, as the temperature increases exponentially, the likelihood of electrons jumping between ions of variable valence increases exponentially. The weariness of the charge nose increases. Therefore, the temperature change in the feed conductivity and feed support of ferrites can be described with sufficient accuracy for practical purposes by the following formulas:

g = g 0 exp [-E 0 / (kT)]; r = r 0 exp [E 0 /(kT)]

de g 0 and r 0 - constant quantities for a given material; E 0 - Activation energy of electrical conductivity.

Among the many factors that flow into the electrical structure of ferrites, the main one is the concentration of divalent Fe2+ ions in them. Under the infusion of thermal energy, weakly bound electrons jump from Fe 2+ ions to Fe 3+ ions and reduce the valence of the remaining ones. With increased concentrations of divalent ions in the gland, the conductivity of the material linearly increases and the activation energy E0 changes simultaneously. The result is that due to the proximity of ions of variable valence, the height of the energy barriers decreases, which can add electrons during the transition from one ion to the next. For ferite spinels, the activation energy of electrical conductivity must lie between 0.1 and 0.5 eV. The highest concentration of divalent ferrite ions and, apparently, the lowest concentration is magnetite Fe 3 O 4 (ferrite ferrite), for which r = 5·10 -5 Ohm·m. At the same time, in ferrogarnets the concentration of Fe 2+ ions is negligible, therefore their pets can reach high values ​​(up to 10 9 Ohm m).

It has been established experimentally that the presence of divalent ions in spinel ferrites leads to a weakening of anisotropy and magnetostriction; It is easily knocked down at a certain cob magnetic penetration. A pattern emerges: ferrites with high magnetic penetration, as a rule, attract low-level pets.

Ferites are characterized by a remarkably high dielectric penetration, depending on the frequency and composition of the material. With increasing frequencies, the electrical penetration of ferrites decreases. Thus, nickel-zinc ferite with a cob penetration of 200 at a frequency of 1 kHz has e = 400, and at a frequency of 10 MHz e = 15. The highest e value is found in manganese-zinc ferites, which reach hundreds or thousands.

A great influx on the polarization of the power of ferites is looming with changes in valency. With higher concentrations, the dielectric penetration of the material increases.

ROZDIL 5 LIKUVALNYE STASTOSUVANNA CONSTANT, PULSE AND LOW FREQUENCY MAGNETIC FIELD

MOTIVATION

Magnetotherapy occupies a large place among all physiotherapeutic procedures, as it is well tolerated by patients and is prescribed for severe illnesses. For the correct recognition of physiotherapeutic procedures, it is necessary to fully understand the mechanism of infusion of a steady, pulsed and low-frequency magnetic field into the human body.

META ACTIVITY

Learn the correct methods of magnetotherapy (steady, pulsed, low-frequency) for the treatment of various illnesses.

OBJECTIVES OF ACTIVITIES

Understand the essence physiological action different magnetic fields. Please note:

This means that steady, pulsed and low-frequency magnetic fields are indicated and contraindicated;

Choose an adequate type of treatment;

Apply procedures independently;

Assess the effect of magnetic fields on the patient’s body.

Learn the operating principles of the “Polyus-1 (-3, -101)” and “Amit-02” devices.

Information block

MAGNETOTHERAPY

Magnetotherapy is the application of steady, low-frequency alternating and pulsed magnetic fields for therapeutic and preventive purposes.

A magnetic field is a special type of matter that interacts with and interacts between electrical charges and collapses. Apparently, the tissues of the body are diamagnetic. Under the infusion of a magnetic field, they do not become magnetized; when tissue storage elements (for example, water, blood cells) in a magnetic field can develop magnetic powers.

The physical essence of the effect of the magnetic field on the body lies in its influence on the charging of particles that collapse, and in its influence on physical-chemical and biochemical processes. The basis of the biological action of the magnetic field is the induction of electrical destructive force in the blood stream and lymph. According to the law of magnetic induction in these media, like good conductors, which collapse, weak currents arise, which change the flow of exchange processes.

In addition, magnetic fields flow onto the crystalline structures of water, proteins, polypeptides and other substances. The quantum of energy of magnetic fields flows into the electrical and magnetic interconnections of cellular and internal cellular structures, changing metabolic processes in cellular tissue and the penetration of cellular membranes.

The stationary magnetic field (SMF) at this point in space does not change over time, either in magnitude or directly. You need to use additional inductors-electromagnets to generate a constant electric current, or indestructible permanent magnets. Variable magnetic field (VMF) is a magnetic field that changes over time in magnitude and direction. It is necessary to use additional inductors to generate a variable electric current, or magnets to wrap around.

The pulsating magnetic field (PMF) changes hourly by value, but constantly directly. It is necessary to use additional inductors that are powered by a pulsating stream, or permanent magnets that move.

The reaction of organs and their systems to the magnetic field varies. The vibrancy of the body's reaction depends on the electrical and magnetic properties of tissues, microcirculation, the intensity of metabolism and neurohumoral circulation. Following the stage of sensitivity of various systems of the body to the magnetic field, the first place is occupied by the nervous system, then followed by the endocrine system, sensitive organs, cardiac-vascular system, blood, meat, grass, visual, respiratory and bone systems.

The effect of a magnetic field on the nervous system is characterized by a change in the body’s behavior, its mental reflex activity, physiological and biological processes. The changes result from the stimulation of galvanization processes, which explains the sedative effect, the favorable effect of the magnetic field on sleep and the change in emotional stress. The reaction on the side of the central nervous system is most pronounced in the hypothalamus, followed by the cerebral cortex, hipocampus, and reticular formation of the midbrain. It clearly explains the folding mechanism of the body’s reaction to the infusion of a magnetic field and the storage of the output functional state (in front of us - from nervous system, and then from other organs).

Under the influence of a magnetic field in the hypothalamus, the work of secretory cells is synchronized, the synthesis of neurosecretion from their nuclei is enhanced, and the functional activity of all parts of the pituitary gland is simultaneously increased, during fatigue and stress (more than 70 mTl) in the future, the neurosecretory function may be suppressed and productive-dystrophic processes of the central nervous system may develop. Under the infusion of a magnetic field with low-intensity induction, the tone of the cerebral vessels decreases, the hemorrhage of the cerebrum becomes more pronounced, nitrogen and carbohydrate-phosphorus metabolism are activated, which promotes the stability of the cerebral cord until poksii. When a magnetic field is infused into the cervical sympathetic nodes and paretic endings in patients who have suffered a cerebral stroke, cerebral blood flow improves (according to rheoencephalography) and arterial pressure is normalized, What to tell about the reflex path of the magnetic field. An increase in cerebral hemodynamics was detected when a magnetic field was applied to the suboccipital area in patients with a lack of blood flow in vertebrobasilar

new systems. Infusion of PEMP into the commercial area also improves hemodynamics and reduces both systolic and diastolic pressure to normal. Thus, with the help of PEMP, it is possible to correct damaged cerebral hemodynamics for various pathological conditions.

The peripheral nervous system reacts to the action of the magnetic field with a decrease in the sensitivity of peripheral receptors, which results in an analgesic effect, and an increase in conductivity, which favorably contributes to the renewal of the functions of the injured peripheries The original nerves are terminated, the growth of axons is reduced, their myelinization and successful development is achieved.

Damage to the hypothalamic-pituitary system triggers the Lanczug reaction, activation of peripheral endocrine targets under the influx of releasing factors, and then numerous degrading metabolic reactions. The synthesis of releasing factors is stimulated in the hypothalamic-pituitary system. When PEMP is infused with an induction of up to 30 mT and a frequency of up to 50 Hz with a short exposure (up to 20 minutes), a reaction of training and increased activity of all parts of the endocrine system develops. To replace the oppressive effect of many other drugs, the magnetic field stimulates the function of the thyroid gland, which ensures the ability to vicorize the magnetic field in complex therapy and with hypofunction of this organ. Despite the weak activation of the sympathetic-adrenal system during the first procedures, until the 7-9th day of treatment, the galvanization of peripheral β-adrenergic receptors is formed, which plays an important role in the formation of the anti-stress effect. Increased induction (over 120 mT) and frequency of the magnetic field (above 100 Hz), as well as changes in the time of day, are accompanied by the appearance of hemodynamic disorders, and subsequently dystrophic changes in the hip muscles physis, supraneural glands and other organs. These findings indicate the development of stress reactions, which result in disruptions in speech exchange, changes in the intensity of energy processes, impaired permeability of cell membranes and hypoxia.

When injecting PEMP and a pulsed magnetic field to run, with the same induction and frequency on different parts of the body (head, heart area, forearm), the same type of reaction occurs.

This is on the side of the cardiovascular system, which confirms the assumption about the reflex nature of these fields.

There is a decrease in pressure in the system of deep and axillary veins, as well as in the arteries. At the same time, the tone of the walls of blood vessels moves, the spring-elastic power and bioelectric support of the walls of blood vessels change. Changes in hemodynamics (hypotensive effect) are associated with changes in the number of heart beats, as well as a decrease in the short-term function of the myocardium. This power has been used to treat hypertension and is also used to change the importance of the heart.

The magnetic field causes changes in the microcirculatory bed of various tissues. At the beginning of the magnetic field, there is a short-term (5-15 minutes) increase in capillary blood flow, then it changes to an intensification of microcirculation. During the course of magnetotherapy and after its completion, the fluidity of the capillary blood flow increases, the temporary thickness of the vessel wall improves, and the blood supply of the capillaries improves; The lumen of the functional components of the microcirculatory bed increases, and the drainage of the blood vessels, anastomoses and shunts opens up.

Under the influx of magnetic fields, vessel and epithelial penetration advances, as a result of which the examination of bumps and the introduction of medicinal substances is accelerated. Finally, this effect of magnetotherapy has been widely used for injuries, wounds and their remains.

When PMP, PMP and pulsed magnetic field are in action, metabolic processes in the area of ​​the regenerated cyst (in case of fracture) will intensify, to a greater extent early terms Fibroblasts and osteoblasts appear in the regeneration zone, and the cystic tract becomes more and more intense.

Low-intensity magnetic fields flow into enzymatic processes, change the electrical and magnetic power of blood elements, which take part in hemocoagulation. As a result of the activation of the prothygothal system, a change in the intravascular mural thrombus formation and a decrease in blood viscosity during the presence of magnetic fields, a hypocoagulative effect occurs.

The influx of the magnetic field significantly affects the exchange of fluids in the body. When acting on the edges of the system

In the organs of syrous blood, the amount of gallbladder protein and globulins increases. The concentration of globulins in tissues moves towards the α- and γ-globulin fractions. Whose protein structure changes. With a short-term consumption zagalny inflow Magnetic fields on the body instead of pyruvic and lactic acids decrease not only in the blood, but also in the liver and meats. With this, instead of glycogen in the liver, it increases.

Under the influence of a magnetic field in tissues, the concentration of Na+ ions changes instead of Na+ ions with an increased concentration of K+ ions at one hour, which indicates a change in the permeability of tissue membranes. There is a decrease in Fe in the brain, heart, blood, liver, meat, spleen and an increase in its concentration in cystic tissue. The fertilization of the iron has been reduced due to changes in the blood-forming organs. When, instead of Cu, the heart muscle, spleen and muscles move, which activates the adaptive-compensatory processes of the body. Under the infusion of a magnetic field, the biological activity of Mg increases, resulting in the development of pathological processes in the liver, heart and meats.

Magnetic fields of low induction stimulate processes textile industry, increasing the intensity of oxide phosphorylation in dicholic lancus, the exchange of nucleic acids and the synthesis of proteins, which flows into plastic processes, increases. The impact on proliferation and regeneration is indicated by an increase in lipid peroxidation.

A characteristic manifestation of the magnetic field on the body is the activation of the metabolism of carbohydrates and lipids. About the intensification of lipid metabolism, note the increase in non-esterified fatty acids and phospholipids in the blood internal organs, and cause a lower concentration of blood cholesterol.

Infusion with a magnetic field, as a rule, does not result in the creation of endogenous heat, an increase in body temperature and skin temperature. It is well tolerated in weakened and summer patients who suffer from concomitant illness of the cardiovascular system, which allows the device to stagnate in many episodes, if infusion by other physical factors is not indicated .

Equipment and hidden notes about vykonannya procedures

Nina will work on 20 different devices for magnetic therapy. The largest types are “Polyus-1 (-2, -3, -4, -101)”, “Amit-02”, “Magniter”, “Mag-30” and others. The infusion of the magnetic field is dosed according to the type (shape) of the magnetic field and the operating mode of the device (non-interruptible, continuous, pulsed). When using different devices, it is necessary to determine the frequency of field movement in adjacent areas of the patient’s body. The intensity of the magnetic field is indicated in aircraft. In addition, indicate the type and location of the inductor refurbishment. Inductors-electromagnets are always connected by contact. Indicate the straightness of the magnetic power lines of induction in relation to the body axis or the end axis, as well as the mutual rotation of the poles with the double-inductor method of infusion and close (5-8 cm) expansion bath of inductors. Average maturity reaches 10-20 minutes. When the low-frequency magnetic field is reduced to 2-4 fields during one procedure, the remaining duration does not exceed 40-45 minutes. The treatment course consists of 10-20 procedures.

Shown before Likuvalnomu zastosuvannya magnetic fields:

Disease of the cardiovascular system:

❖ hypertension stage I-II,

❖ IHS with stable angina pectoris of the І-ІІ functional class,

❖ rheumatism,

❖ vegetative vascular dystonia,

❖ post-infarction cardiosclerosis;

Sickness and injury to the central and peripheral nervous system:

❖ spine injuries spinal cord,

❖ damage to spinal and cerebrovascular circulation,

❖ past damage to cerebral blood flow,

❖ ischemic cerebral strokes,

❖ osteochondrosis of the ridge,

❖ neuriti,

❖ polyneuropathy of various movements,

❖ neuralgia,

❖ neurosis,

❖ neurastinia,

❖ anglionitis,

❖ causalgia,

❖ phantom white,

❖ paralysis, paresis;

Sickness of peripheral vessels:

❖ obliterative atherosclerosis stages I-III,

❖ obliterative endarteritis of stages I-III,

❖ thrombangitis,

❖ Raynaud's syndrome,

❖ chronic venous and lymphovenous insufficiency,

❖ thrombophlebitis of the superficial and deep veins in the teenage period,

❖ postthrombophlebitic syndrome,

❖ diabetic angiopathies,

❖ polyneuropathy,

❖ stage after aortic bypass surgery;

Illness and damage to the musculoskeletal system:

❖ deforming osteoarthritis (stages I-III in the acute remission phase),

❖ infectious-toxic arthritis,

❖ polyarthritis of various etiologies,

❖ bursitis,

❖ epicondylitis,

❖ periarthritis,

❖ increased consolidation of fractures, including during metalosynthesis,

❖ availability of plaster cast or Ilizarov apparatus,

❖ clogged space, stretching of the bursa-ulcerative apparatus, vivikha;

Sickness of the bronchopulmonary apparatus:

❖ acute pneumonia of prolonged flow,

❖ chronic bronchitis,

❖ bronchial asthma(hormone depletion cream),

❖ tuberculosis (inactive form);

Diseases of the scolio-intestinal tract:

❖ virazkova disease of the colon and duodenum in the phase of acute remission,

❖ chronic gastritis,

❖ gastroduodenitis,

❖ advanced and chronic pancreatitis,

❖ chronic hepatitis and prolonged transmission of acute hepatitis,

❖ dyskinesia of the biliary tract,

❖ chronic cholecystitis,

❖ chronic non-viral colitis,

❖ position after resection of the scutum to prevent post-resection complications;

Diseases of the ear, throat and nose:

❖ vasomotor rhinitis,

❖ chronic rhinitis,

❖ rhinosinusitis,

❖ sinusitis,

❖ frontal,

❖ chronic pharyngitis,

❖ chronic otitis media,

❖ laryngitis,

❖ trachea;

Ophthalmological illnesses - pre- and chronic illnesses of various middle parts of the eyes:

❖ conjunctivitis,

❖ keratitis,

❖ iridocyclitis,

❖ atrophy of the visual nerve,

❖ corneal form of glaucoma;

Dental diseases:

❖ periodontal disease,

❖ gingivitis,

❖ virulence of the mucous membrane of the oral cavity,

❖ gostria arthritis of the scroneo-inferior septum,

❖ fractures of the lower fissure,

❖ post-operative wounds and injuries;

Pіdgostrі ta chronic illness sechostate system:

❖ cystitis,

❖ urethritis,

❖ pyelonephritis,

❖ adnexitis,

❖ metritis,

❖ salpingoophoritis,

❖ prostatitis,

❖ epididymitis,

❖ vesiculitis,

❖ Impotence,

❖ unemployment,

❖ climacteric syndrome,

❖ good new growth (myoma, fibromyoma) due to the regulation of the eyelid, hormonal background and dynamics of the process;

Allergic and skin diseases:

❖ vasomotor rhinitis,

❖ bronchial asthma,

❖ psoriasis,

❖ neurodermatitis;

Trophic changes;

Muddy granulating wounds;

frostbite;

Bedsores;

Pre-operative preparation and post-operative rehabilitation;

Spike's disease;

Improvement in immune status. Contraindications:

Strum intolerance;

General contraindications before physiotherapy;

arterial hypotension;

Detection of a pacemaker;

Early post-infarction period;

Viruses of thyrotoxicosis;

Hypothalamic syndrome.

Likuvalny techniques

Infusion onto the chest wall for inflammatory diseases of the lungs and bronchial asthma

The first method: cylindrical inductors (the “Polyus-1” apparatus) are rotated by contact sequentially on the posterolateral sections of the thoracic region, the 1st field - on the level of Th IV-Th VII; 2nd field - on the level of Th IX-Th XII. Pump, directly horizontal power lines, non-interruptible mode, I-III intensity levels (depending on the age), 5-6 minutes per skin area. The first 4-5 procedures are prescribed every other day, the next - every day, the treatment course consists of 8-12 procedures.

Another way: use the PUMP in an intermittent mode (2 bursts, 2 pauses), adjusting the inductors and physical parameters themselves.

The third method: the uninterrupted magnetic field is stronger on the level of C IV -Th V, directly the force lines are vertical, the physical parameters themselves.

Floating on the dry land

A cylindrical inductor with P-like cores (devices “Polyus-1”, “Polyus-3”) is placed in contact with the opposite sides of the corner. Magnetic induction through the skin of the three procedures will increase from the I to the IV stages of the intensity shift. The field is pulsating, frequency 10-50 Hz, duration of the procedure 20-30 minutes. The treatment course includes 10-15 separate procedures. Floating onto the terminals when ships are sick The end is placed in the inductor-solenoid of the BIMP, “Alimp-1” devices; Another 2-3 inductors will be added to the market. PEMP frequency 10-100 Hz, magnetic induction intensity 5 mT, procedure duration 20-30 minutes. A treatment course includes 10-20 daily procedures.

Floating onto the ridge

Direct-coil inductors (Pole-1, Polyus-2 devices) are placed paravertebrally in contact on the spinal cord. First, half of the treatment course will be completed with inductors rotated with different poles over the projection of the damaged plot. Pulse field, intensity changer position - III-IV, frequency 10-50 Hz, duration of procedure 20-30 minutes. The treatment course includes 10-15 separate procedures.

Influx of a low-frequency alternating magnetic field into the area of ​​attractive nodes

Inductors with U-like cores are installed paravertebrally in the area of ​​the cervicothoracic or transverse nodes so that the same poles are aligned one to one, then. so that the arrows of the inductors are aligned one to one and move along one straight line; the gap between the body and the inductor is 5-10 cm. Continuous, sinusoidal mode. Change the intensity at position “2”. Procedures for 10 minutes are carried out every day or every other day, up to 20 procedures per course of treatment.

Infusion of a low-frequency alternating magnetic field into the middle of the skin

An inductor with U-like axles is installed above the discharge center with a gap of 5-10 cm. The mode is continuous, sinusoidal. The reversal of the intensity of the kidney is in position “1”, after 7 procedures it is gradually brought to position “4”. The duration of the procedure will increase from 10 to 20 minutes, following each other procedure, after which this order will reduce the severity of the procedures to 10 minutes. The first 5 procedures are carried out every day, the next - every other day, up to 15 procedures per course of treatment.

Infusion of a low-frequency magnetic field into the pelvic organs of women

The first method: an inductor with a U-like core is hung (without gap) over the longitudinal joints on the striker side. Non-interruptible, sinusoidal or pulsating half-wave mode in intermittent mode (the duration of pauses and pauses is 2 s). Change the intensity – at position “4”. Procedures starting from the 20th century are carried out every day or every other day, up to 15 procedures per course of treatment.

Another method: a special inducer is introduced into the genital area until the localization of the infection occurs. Non-interruptible sinusoidal mode or pulsating single-pulse mode in intermittent mode (time intervals and pauses – 2 s each). Change the intensity – at position “4”. Procedures starting from the 20th century should be carried out every day or every other day (after the period of menstruation), up to 10 procedures per course of treatment.

All the diversity of living things on our planet has evolved, evolved and is still in continuous interaction with various factors of the current environment, adapting to the current influx of changes, vikorysts learning them from the processes of life. And most of these factors are of an electromagnetic nature. Throughout the entire era of evolution of living organisms, electromagnetic disturbances occur in the middle of their existence - the biosphere. Such electromagnetic fields are called natural.

To natural viprominyuvan vidnosThere are weak electromagnetic fields created by living organisms, atmospheric movement fields, electric and magnetic fields of the Earth, solar vibration, and also cosmic vibration. When people began to actively use electricity, use radio communications, etc. etc., then the biosphere began to require individual electromagnetic stimulation over a wide range of frequencies (approximately from 10-1 to 1012 Hz).

The electromagnetic field must be seen as consisting of two fields: electric and magnetic. It is possible to note that in objects that place electric lances, the electric field arises when there is a voltage on the flow-leading parts, and a magnetic field arises when the flow passes through these parts. It is also possible to take into account that at low frequencies (50 Hz), electric and magnetic fields are connected, so they can be seen directly as they flow into a biological object.

The effect of the infusion of an electromagnetic field onto a biological object is usually assessed by the amount of electromagnetic energy that is absorbed by this object when found near the field.

Low-frequency electromagnetic fields are mainly created by energy installations, power transmission lines (PTL), and electrical equipment that operate intermittently.

Vikonans for active minds have shown that at any point of the low-frequency electromagnetic field that occurs in electrical installations, at industrial facilities, etc. etc., the energy of the magnetic field absorbed by the body of a living organism is approximately 50 times less than the energy of the electric field absorbed by it. Together with these vimirs in real minds It was established that the magnetic field strength in the operating zones of closed separate devices is air lines with a voltage of up to 750 kV, it does not exceed 25 A/m, at which time the weak effect of the magnetic field on a biological object appears at a voltage that is much higher.

From this it is possible to arrive at a neutral conclusion that the negative effect of the electromagnetic field on biological objects in industrial electrical installations is formed by an electric field; The magnetic field exerts insignificant biological action, and in practical minds they can be gained.

A low-frequency electric field can be like a skin moment like an electrostatic field, i.e., it can violate the good law of electrostatics. This field is created, apparently, between two electrodes (bodies), which carry charges of different signs and on which power lines begin and end.

Low-frequency radio waves can be present even at long ranges (from 10 to 10,000 km), so it is important to install a screen so that you do not miss any information. Radiokhvili will definitely kill him. Therefore, low-frequency radio waves, which contain a sufficient supply of energy, can expand over large distances.

It is reported that low-frequency electromagnetic interference is the largest type of obstruction, which has global adverse consequences for living organisms and people.

Low-frequency electromagnetic fields (LF EMF) were observed in everyday life

minds from various external internal parts, infused with this factor into the health of the population

During the operation of electrical power installations - liquid distribution units (HRP) and overhead power transmission lines (PL) of overhead voltage (330 kV and higher) an increase in the health of personnel was observed , which serves the purpose of the installation. Subjectively, this was reflected in the depressive self-perception of those working, which resulted in fatigue, bloatiness, and headache. rotten dream. My heart hurts too much.

In the minds of the population, the main external force is low-frequency electric and magnetic fields in residential apartments and a range of different voltages. In the buildings located near the power line, 75 to 80% of the apartments are subject to flooding high ranks LF EMF and the population that lives in them succumb to the influx of this unpleasant factor.

Special precautions and investigations carried out in the Radyansky Union, in Russia and beyond the cordon, confirmed the lining of their equipment and established that it is a factor that affects the health of the personnel who work with electrical installations, є electromagnetic field that arises from the space around the jet conductors parts of existing electrical installations.

An intense electromagnetic field of the promyslovsky frequency responds to those who suffer from disruption of the functional state of the central nervous and cardiovascular system. In this case, you are wary of increased fatigue, decreased accuracy of working movements, changes in blood pressure and pulse, and increased pain in the heart, which is accompanied by heart beats and arrhythmia, etc.

It is believed that disruption of the regulation of physiological functions of the body is caused by the influx of a low-frequency electromagnetic field into various parts of the nervous system. In this case, the increased alertness of the central nervous system results from the reflex field, and the galmic effect is the result of a direct infusion of the field into the structures of the brain and spinal cord. It is important that the cerebral cortex, as well as the peritoneal cerebrum, are especially sensitive to the influx of the electric field. It is also transferred that the main material factor that causes changes in the body is the flow that is induced in the body (the induction of the magnetic storage field), and the influx of the electric field itself is much less. It is important to note what actually flows in, what is induced, and the electric field itself.

The action of electromagnetic fields on the body.

Let's take a look at the effects of electromagnetic fields (including low-frequency ones) on the bodies of living organisms.

Effects that are caused by the action of electric fields on the cell membranes can be classified according to the following principles: 1) reversal of the penetration of cell membranes (electroporation); 2) electrolit; ) electrotransfection; 6) electrical activation of membrane proteins.

The flow of cells in an electric field is of two types. The constant field causes the movement of cells, which creates a surface charge, revealing electrophoresis. When infusing a variable heterogeneous field onto a tissue suspension, a breakdown of the cells, called dielectrophoresis, is observed. In electrophoresis, the surface charge of cells has no current value. The thrust is generated through the interaction of the induced dipole moment with the external field.

Theoretically, in electrophoresis, cells should be considered as spheres containing a dielectric membrane. The frequency distribution of the induced dipole moment for such a spherical part is written in the form:

de, ― cyclic frequency. Parameters A1, A2, B1, B2, C1, C2 are determined by independent frequency values ​​of conductivity and dielectric penetration of the outer and internal cores, as well as the separating shell.

The guidance is based on the distributed frequency of the dielectrophoretic force. Acting on the cells in a non-uniform electric field, as well as zusilla, which means wrapping the cells in the electric field that is wrapping. In accordance with the theory, the electrophoretic force is proportional to the effective part of the dimensionless parameter K and the gradient of the square of the field strength:

F=1/2·Re(K)·grad E2

The wrapping moment is proportional to the explicit part of the parameter K and the square of the field strength, which turns out to be:

F=Im(K)·E2

The intensity of dielectrophoretic power lines at low (kilohertz) and high (megahertz) frequencies is determined by the different orientation of the induced dipole moment in relation to the external electric field. It appears that the dipole moments of the low-conducting dielectric particles in the conductive core are oriented along the vector of the electric field strength, and the dipole moments of the good-conducting particles in the low-conducting core are, however, ori are aligned directly with the stress vector.

When a low-frequency field is injected, the membrane is a good insulator, and the stream bypasses the cell through the conductive middle. Induced charges are distributed as shown on the small piece, and increase the field strength in the middle of the section. In this case, the dipole moment is antiparallel to the field strength. For a high-frequency field, the conductivity of the membranes is high, therefore the dipole moment will be in the direction of the electric field strength vector.

The deformation of membranes under the infusion of electromagnetic fields is generated through forces acting on the surface of the membrane, which are called Maxwellian stresses. The magnitude of the direct force that acts on the cell membrane in the electric field is determined by the relationship

where T is the force, E is the field strength, n is the normal vector to the surface, ε is the absolute dielectric penetration of the dielectric, ε0 is the absolute dielectric penetration of vacuum.

Whenever a low-frequency field is applied to a client, the power lines bypass the client, i.e., the field is straight along the surface. The same vector addition E is equal to zero. Tom

This power is in the cell, rippling and winding around the force lines of the field.

When a high-frequency field is applied to the cell, the force applied to the membrane stretches the ends of the cells towards the electrodes.

As an example of electroactivation of membrane enzymes, one can call the activation of Na, K-ATPase in human erythrocytes under the influence of an alternating field with an amplitude of 20 V/cm and a frequency of 1 kHz. It is true that electric fields of such low intensity do not affect the functions of cells and their morphology. Weak fields of low frequency (60 V/cm, 10 Hz) also stimulate the synthesis of ATP by mitochondrial ATPase. It is assumed that the electrical activation is due to the influx of the protein conformation field. Theoretical analysis of the model of lightweight membrane transport involving a transporter (a model based on the interaction of the transport system) indicates the interaction of the transport system with the changing field. As a result of this interaction, the field energy can be absorbed by the transport system and converted into the energy of the chemical bond ATP.

Influx of weak low-frequency EMF into biorhythms.

The nature and severity of the biological effects of EMF will likely lie within the parameters of the rest. In some cases, the effects are maximum at certain “optimal” EMF intensities, in others they increase at varying intensities, in others they are gradually straightened at low and high intensities. As for the frequency and modulation-clock characteristics of EMF, there is a place for specific reactions (mental reflexes, changes in orientation, etc.).

The analysis of these patterns will lead to the conclusion that the biological effects of weak low-frequency fields, due to their energetic interaction with the speech of living tissues, can be used to obtain mutual information We have EMP with cybernetic systems in the body that receive information from dovkilla and, obviously, regulating the processes of vitality of organisms.

The LF EMF of the anthropogenic movement is close in parameters to the natural electrical and magnetic fields of the Earth. Therefore, in a biological system, under the infusion of piecemeal low-frequency EMFs, there may be a disruption of the biorhythms that govern this system.

For example, in the body healthy people The most characteristic short-period rhythms of the central nervous system (CNS) at a calm state include the covalent activity of the electrical and magnetic fields of the brain (2-30 Hz), the frequency of the heart beat (1.0-1.2 Hz), the frequency of the respiratory tract (0.3 Hz), frequency of kolivan arterial pressure(0.1 Hz) and temperature (0.05 Hz). If it is difficult to infuse a person with LF EMF, the amplitude of which is large, then disruption of natural rhythms (dysrhythmia) may occur, which can cause physiological damage.

All biological objects are under the influence of the Earth’s electric and magnetic fields. Therefore, there are a lot of changes that are taking place in the biosphere, which are otherwise associated with changes in this field. Obviously, changes in the geomagnetic field may be periodic. If any recovery is required during the period of change, once established, the physiological parameters of biological systems may be damaged.

This recovery can occur for two reasons. The first reason is natural (for example, the influx of sleepy activity into geofields). Moreover, most of the symptoms are also periodic. Another reason is anthropogenic in nature, including the disruption of the frequency spectrum of the parameters of the external environment. At the moment, it is important to take into account the improvement of the frequency spectrum of individual fields from the optimal one, which is indicated by the spectrum of the Earth’s geomagnetic field.

We can say that the process of evolution nature is alive Vikorized the natural EMF of the environment as a source of information that ensured the uninterrupted continuity of organisms to changes in various factors of the environment: facilitating the processes of life and with regular changes, protection from spontaneous changes. nature from the climate to the biosphere. The formation in living nature of information links with the help of EMF in addition to common types of information transfer through the sensitive organs, nervous and endocrine systems was determined by reliability and economy "biological radiocommunication".

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Low-frequency magnetotherapy is the most extensive type of magnetotherapy, which uses low-frequency magnetic fields for therapeutic, preventive and rehabilitation purposes. For therapeutic and prophylactic infusion, use stagnant change (PeMP), pulsating (PuMP), benign (BeMP) and magnetic field that wraps around (VrMP).
PEMPs are most often used, and the magnetic induction of these fields does not exceed 50 mT.
Equipment for low-frequency therapy PEMP and PUMP: Polyus-1, Polyus-2, Cascade, Mavr-2, AMT-01, Magniter, PDMT, Gradient-1, MAG-30, Dzherelom BeMP and equipment: Olimp-1, BIMP, Athos , Aurora-MK; VrMP "Polyus-3", "Polyus-4" etc. As a rule, these devices provide infusion of magnetic fields with a frequency of up to 1000 Hz and with a magnetic induction of no more than 100 mT.
Before low-frequency magnetotherapy is carried out, it is important to use the contact technique and inject with a small air gap (up to 10 mm).
Inductors are installed at the projection of the pathological cavity on the skin and the area of ​​reflexogenic zones without a vice. Vikorist later and transversely rotating the inductors. In inductor-solenoids, the organs and ends are rotated in a later direction (along the course of the main vessels). Magnetotherapy can be carried out without removing clothes, ointments, thin plaster and other dressings, because The magnetic field may easily penetrate through them, but changes at a distance from the inductor.
Dose personal procedures according to the magnitude of magnetic induction and waste. Magnetic induction during the course course will most often increase from 10 to 30 mT, up to 50 mT. The number of procedures is 15-30 minutes.
The smell is carried out every other day. A course of treatment includes 20-25 procedures. If necessary, a repeat course of low-frequency magnetotherapy can be completed after 30-45 days.
The action of low-frequency magnetic fields is based on the same mechanisms and primary (physico-chemical) effects that occur with vicious stationary magnetic fields: change in the state of rare crystalline structures, water hydrated molecules, influx on singlet-triplet transitions in free radicals, increased activity of metal compounds fields of enzymes and in (div. Continuous magnetotherapy). However, the main factor in this process is the formation of induced electric currents in fabrics, the thickness of which is determined by the speed of change of magnetic induction. These streams also provide a variety of influxes to different systems of the body. Minimal effects are avoided at a flow rate of 1-10 mA/m2.
Such streams are induced in tissues when injected with a variable MF with an induction of 0.5-5 mT at a frequency of 50 Hz or 10-100 mT at a frequency of 2.5 Hz. Greater damage is avoided when the intensity of the induced current is 10-100 mA/m2, which is induced when an alternating MF is applied to the tissue with an induction of 5-50 mT at a frequency of 50 Hz or 100-1000 m T at a frequency of 2.5 Hz.
In order to direct the flow of strong ions, low-frequency electric fields are induced by the flow of ions, spread near the charged surface of the membranes and bound to it by electrostatic forces. Such movements of ions can obviously be reflected in bioelectric and diffusion processes. With the infusion of low-frequency magnetic fields, the fluidity of the conduction potentials of the nerve conductors increases, their alertness improves, and the perineural strain decreases. In addition, MP normalizes the autonomic functions of the body, changes the tone of the vessels and the motor function of the vulva. With the greatest stimulating effect, there are alternating and magnetic fields that can run. Low-frequency MF suppresses the activity of lipid peroxidation, which suppresses the activation of trophic processes in organs and tissues, and stabilizes cell membranes.
Due to the increase in coliforms of formed elements and plasma proteins, activation of local blood flow, increased blood flow to various organs and tissues, as well as their trophism is achieved.
Low-frequency magnetic fields have a hypotensive effect due to the relaxation of the smooth muscles of the peripheral vessels, normalize (reduce) the throat of blood, and stimulate the exchange of speech. The aroma stimulates the release of releasing factors in the hypothalamus and tropic hormones in the pituitary gland, which stimulate the function of the arterial organs, adrenal gland, thyroid gland and other endocrine organs. As a result, inflammatory reactions to the body are formed, directed towards increasing its resistance and tolerance to physical demands.
The main therapeutic effects of low-frequency magnetic therapy are anti-inflammatory, anti-spot, trophic, hypocoagulant, vasoactive, analgesic, stimulating reparative processes, immunomodulatory.
Indications for the use of PEMP and PUMP include indolent purulent wounds, wounds, trophic lesions, phlebitis, thrombophlebitis, inheritances of closed brain injuries, encephalopathy, ischemic stroke, impairment of peripheral nerves, angiopathies, autonomic and vegetative.
BMP occurs in ischemic heart disease, obliterating atherosclerosis of peripheral vessels, postthrombophlebitic syndrome, diabetic angiopathies and neuropathies.
Indications before the recognition of VMT for the halal technique: malignant neoplasms, changes in illness, immunodeficiency conditions of the body, asthenoneurotic conditions, degenerative-dystrophic illnesses of the musculoskeletal system; for local influxes: illness of the eyes, ears, throat and nose.
Contraindications for low-frequency magnetic therapy are the acute period of myocardial infarction, the acute period of impaired cerebral blood flow, ischemic disease with impaired heart rhythm, bleeding and vagusity.

Magnetic fields can be stationary in piece magnetic materials and systems, pulsed, infrafrequency (with a frequency of up to 50 Hz), changeable.

The influx of EMF at industrial frequency is associated with high-voltage power lines, permanent magnetic field generators, and stalled industrial enterprises.

In the area of ​​permanent magnetic fields, permanent magnets, electromagnets, electrolysis baths (electrolyzers), permanent current transmission lines, busbars and other electrical devices, such as The permanent strum is corrosive. An important factor in the vibratory medium during the preparation, control of berries, and assembled magnetic systems is a constant magnetic field.

Magnetic-pulse and electro-hydraulic installations employ low-frequency pulsed magnetic fields.

The low-frequency magnetic field is gradually changing in the world at a distance from Dzherel.

The magnetic field is characterized by two quantities - induction and tension. Induction is the force that acts in a given field on a conductor of a single surge with a single surge, which is measured in Tesla (T). Tension H is a quantity that characterizes the magnetic field regardless of the power of the middle. The tension vector converges with the induction vector. The unit of voltage is ampere per meter (A/m).

Electrical transmission lines with voltages up to 1150 kV, open separate devices, switching devices, safety and automation devices, and vibrating devices are exposed to electromagnetic fields (EMF) at power frequency.

Damaged power lines (50 Hz). The influx of EMF at industrial frequency is associated with high-voltage power transmission lines, permanent magnetic field generators, and stalled industrial enterprises.

The intensity of the EMF from the power transmission lines (50 Hz) is largely dependent on the line voltage (110, 220, 330 kV i.e.). Average values ​​of working places for electricians: E = 5...15 kV/m, Η = 1...5 A/m; on routes for service personnel: E = 5.30 kV/m, H = 2...10 A/m. In residential buildings located near high-voltage lines, the electric field strength, as a rule, does not exceed 200...300 V/m, and the magnetic field 0.2...2 A/m (V = 0.25...2 5 mT).

The magnetic field near power transmission lines (PTL) with a voltage of 765 kV should be set to 5 µT directly below the PL and 1 µT at a distance of 50 m from the PL. The picture of the distribution of the electromagnetic field in the area from the extension to the LEP is shown in Fig. 5.6.

The EMF of the power frequency is mainly absorbed by the soil, so at a short distance (50... 100 m) from the power line, the electric field strength drops from tens of thousands of volts per meter to standard values. It is not safe to create magnetic fields in areas of power transmission lines (PLL) with power frequency streams, and in areas adjacent to electrified paths. High-intensity magnetic fields are also detected in booths located in the immediate vicinity of these zones.

Small 5.6. The electric and magnetic field under the power line with a voltage of 765 kV (60 Hz) at a flow rate of 426 A lies in front of the power line (line height 15 m)

Rack electric transport. The strongest magnetic fields in large areas of densely populated urban centers and in working areas are generated by huge rack-mounted electric transport. Theoretically, the picture of the magnetic field that is generated by typical strumas in zaliznytsia, shown in Fig. 5.7. Experimental vibrating with a 100 m wind in front of a rack gave a magnetic field value of 1 µT.

The level of transport magnetic fields can exceed the corresponding level in the LEP in 10...100 times; The magnetic field of the Earth (35...65 µT) does not adjust, and often fluctuates.

Electrical connections of housing units and optional low-frequency fittings. When using EMP devices, it is used to control TVs, displays, microwave ovens and other devices. Electrostatic fields in the sinks of low moisture content (less than 70%) are created by clothes and household items (fabrics, stripes, capes, franks, etc.). Micro-furnace stoves do not cause problems in industrial production; if their dry screens malfunction, this can significantly impede the flow of electromagnetic vibration. TV screens and displays, as a result of electromagnetic interference, do not cause great concern for the danger of influx on people if they stand 30 cm from the screen.

Small 5.7. Configuration of the magnetic field from an electrified slide

Strong magnetic fields can be found at a frequency of 50 Hz near home appliances. Thus, a refrigerator creates a field of 1 µT, a coffee cooker – 10 µT, a micro-hair cooker – 100 µT. Similar magnetic fields of much greater extent (from 3...5 to 10 µT) can be observed in the working areas of steelmaking during the operation of electric furnaces.

The voltage of electric fields near long wires, connected to a voltage of 220 V, should be 0.7...2 kV/m, near household appliances with metal cases (sludge cleaners, refrigerators) - 1...4 kV/m.

In the table 5.6 shows the values ​​of magnetic induction for various household appliances.

In most cases, the majority of episodes zhitlovyh budinki The network with one zero (zero working) conductor is vikorista, the lines with zero working and zero working conductors tend to be completed rarely. In such a situation, the risk of an electrical shock increases when the phase dart closes on the metal body or chassis; The metal casings and housings of the accessories are not grounded and are not exposed to electrical fields (when the device is plugged in with a plug in the socket) or electric and magnetic fields of power frequency (when the device is turned on).

Table 5.6. Values ​​of magnetic induction near household appliances, mkt