Verstatobuduvannya in sr. About the larynx of versattobuduvannya. Among Russian enterprises, workmanship

Traven 7, 2014

War is one of the darkest sides in human history. During the hour of humanity's awakening, there were so many wars that it is important to remember more of it. It is not our fault to forget the pain of war, devastation, pain, suffering and death. Tse bulo b evil in front of the participants in the war they died. It is not at all paradoxical that, in addition to ruin and grief, the war itself brings great benefits to the development of production, which brings forth new, thorough restoration, and therefore new, tighter and more precise tools for its processing. .

In 1908, the Tula plant first designed and launched the production of high-precision machining machines for metal processing. With all the new modifications, the control of such benchtops became simpler, the precision of machining improved, which eliminated the complexity of folding parts, and made it possible to reduce the qualifications of robot workers.

The transition of enterprises to the mass production of armored weapons, ammunition, and combat equipment may benefit from all episodes of radical changes in production technology and new production cooperation. For example, the Leningrad Metal Plant needed to repair, repair and install about 500 workbenches, prepare 2,500 devices and special tools, and retrain 1,500 workers and a great group of engineering and technical workers.

Not caring about the primitiveness of the developments of that time, the workers of the factories heroically condensed and reconstituted plans for the production of the plant. For example, the milling workers of the Izhevsk Fireworks Plant, working on the fabrication of aircraft parts, did not overload their workspace, the docks did not produce 400% of the norm. Among them were metalworkers - toolmakers who independently developed a machine method for grinding one of the most complex parts and thereby increased the productivity of the work 30 times.

The layouts were not automatic. Enterprise engineers developed the simplest additions to the workbench device - clamping devices, stops, mechanical launchers, in order to frequently automate the workbench, freeing up your hands, of course, the respect of the robot worker for another robot. . For a large number of work or a small group, they will need their own master, who will watch over his work and ensure the supply of workpieces. There was a need for people who transferred the tasks from the verstat to the verstat, who were responsible for it, so that nothing interfered with the work of the verstat and did not create a congestion.

Before the Great War, industrial designers praised the decision to “drive” people off the shop floor, to have the machines service the machines themselves and look after them, so that entire lines of machines would work as one majestic automatic, “reasonable” workbench, from start to finish, What does a folding virus produce? Thus, before the Great German War, the Radyansky Union of Piedians was already a great powerful power. The Radyansk workbench workers have mastered the production of high-quality workbench machines and various necessary machine fittings. Until 1932, turning, grinding and milling machines, and other types of equipment were produced by all specialized factories. Bulls were broken up theoretical basis aggregation, implemented in the designs of multiple spindle assembly machines and automatic lines for processing body parts.

Since the Great American War, many changes have taken place, but milling technology has developed without a trace: new modifications have appeared, cutting technology has improved, and automation has improved. Nowadays, machined parts that produce high precision and form a folding shape are produced on milling benches using software. Installed bathroom equipped computer system control, control the equipment of the workstats and their drives, which will ensure more accurate, uninterrupted operation and constant control of the speed of finishing operations.

Many people don’t understand how important it is to win wars. It is important to know that practically all the equipment needed in the hour of war is prepared on the benches. As if it were not heroic, we thought that having secured the soldiers with everything necessary, it is unknown that our battle would have been victorious.

Machine building
The Bolsheviks had a bad position regarding the machine building. Tsarska Russia sat for the 5th place with the world. Compromising with the USA, Great Britain, Germany and Belgium.
Unrespectful of being hit in the first world and huge war. Until 1925 Russia still took 5th place from the world. In 1938, it was not recorded - the USSR rose to second place, ousting England and bringing Germany back from machine-building production. (Zrostannnya Vіskovo, the pro -sabotage of 70 times, the recognition was given) Pili viyni nimchinchina Bula was zeded to zero, Ale Radyanska Machinobuduvannya Zhn was often at the Svytovaya machine, uninvited for Viviz. Great Britain came out on the other side. Then Great Britain began to disintegrate, and the USSR was once again in another place.
1953 The Union turns to another pre-war place after the United States. England is still on the list of leaders in machine manufacturing – in 3rd place.
The end of the 50s - the beginning of the 60s. - the period of development of mechanical engineering in the SRSR against other countries. The light production rate is at its maximum. Already before 1970, Germany had already overtaken the SRSR from behind-the-scenes production of cars, and Japan had completely overtaken and pushed into 3rd place. In 1975, after the avalanche of the United States (for the second time), the USSR rose again in another place, surpassing Germany and Japan. The situation remains the same as in 1980. Ale in 1985 Japan is once again leading the Union. Parts of the US are growing.
1991. part of the USSR, which is in crisis, 3.5% in light machine building. After the collapse, this portion changes to 1.5%, and until 1995 it changes to a symbolic 0.5%, continuing to fall to 0.3%. Nina's share increased to 0.61%. And approximately ancient parts of machinery in France and Great Britain.

Part of the region in light machine-generating production, %.

Verstatobuduvannya

In 1938, the production of verstats was mainly carried out by 4 countries: in the equal USA and Germany, much less England and the USSR. In 1966, Great Britain came out on the list of the most important cities of the Russian Federation, taking its place (3rd place) with the Radian Union. In 1970, Japan emerged, ousting the USSR from the top three leaders once again in the pre-war 4th place.
The four leaders remained stable until about 1990, when the USSR was still a great secular power (3rd place), and the United States gave up its positions of power, giving up the 3rd place to the SRSR, and the 4th to Italy ї.

The collapse of the SRSR by the communists multiplied the versatility of the Soviet Socialist Republic by 0. However, there was no need for versatility.

In the SRSR in 1986, the survey of various types of metalworking verstats was obligatory (2032.5 thousand approx.):
- CNC machining 36.9 thousand. (1.8%);
- metalworking machines, equipped with automatic manipulators with software – 11.3 thousand. (0.55%).

Let us show the growth of production in China and the establishment of secure Chinese leadership in Galilee since 2010. Germany and Japan are still in 2nd and 3rd place, although their positions have clearly changed.

In 2015, the United States is moving towards a busy city on the level of Taiwan. Russia is in the 17th place, giving way to Canada and a little ahead of Thailand from the release of verstats.

Part of the region in the light industry, %.

Tim is no less, the latest developments in Russia have fresh evidence from the World Machine Tool Survey 2016. Gardner Research. sits 8th place near the world. Moreover, last year this place was 7. Mexico passed us by due to sanctions.
However, in any case, the growth rate of verstats is 5 times higher, lower in 2004.
Nina, after the growth of pharmaceuticals, the state actively began to stimulate the growth of production facilities. New investment program on this topic.
The growth has already begun. Please read the updated version
“Tying up, setting up, setting up...”


dzherela

Radian historical literature still lacks special studies dedicated to the development of the Great The Great Patriotic War such important areas of the Russian economy as manufacturing and important machinery, which is the technical basis of the industry, are the greatest sign of technological progress for everyone people's domination edges.

Apparently, the main nutritional development of the Russian economy as a whole was first considered in the official document written by the head of the State Planning Committee of the SRSR M. A. Voznesensky on the basis of the richest factual and digital material 1. In the works of historians and economists 2, in the robots dedicated to the surrounding regions 3, in the history of factories 4, in the opinions of the participants 5, the head line shows the development of work benches and important machinery, etc. and how they went through during the war, several materials were compiled about the everyday life of work benches and machine workers enterprises in similar areas of the country, renovation of evacuated and destroyed factories and galuzies. Currently, there are monographs, 6 articles, and dissertations that explore both sides of the foreign exchange process during the war, which reveal the role of the Communist Party in the religious industry (including ї okremikh).

1 N. Voznesensky. The military economy of the USSR during the Great Patriotic War. M. 1947.

2 "History of the Great German War Radyansky Union. 1941 - 1945". Vol. 1 - 6. M. 1960 - 1965; B. Sokolov. Industrial activity during the rocks of the Great German War. M. 1946; Ya. E. Chadayev. Economy of the SRSR during the period of the Great German War (1941 - 1945) .) M. 1965; R. Z Kravchenko. Economy of the SRSR at the rocks of the Great German War (1941 - 1945). M. 1970; "Radyansk economy during the period of the Great German War. 1941 - 1945 pp. ". M. 1970; A. V. Mitrofanova. The worker class of the USSR at the rocks of the Great German War. M. 1971.

3 "History of Moscow during the Great German War and in the post-war period. 1941 - 1965". M. 1967; "Draw the history of Leningrad." T. 5. L. 1967; M. R. Akulov. Promislovy Rozvitok Siberia rocks of the Great Great German War (1941 - 1945). Stavropil. 1967, that in.

4 B. F. Bagaev, I. M. Chudinova. Order-bearing "Sibvazhmash". Krasnoyarsk. 1964; V. Volokhiv. Bryansk Order of Labor Chervonogo Prapor Machine Building Plant. Tula. 1966; O. Shevchenka, O. Zaitsev. Novokramatorstsi. Drawings from the history of the Novokramatorsky Order of Lenin machine-building plant named after. V. I. Lenin. Donetsk 1968, that in.

5 "Voni - participants great war". M. 1966; "Budivelniki - to the front". M. 1968; I. Gudov. The share of the robot worker. M. 1970; St. Ermilov. Happiness of important roads. M. 1972.

6 Div. "The People's Dominion of the USSR at the Rock of the Great German War (Chern 1941 - Trav 1945)". Bibliographical display of Russian book and magazine literature (1941 – 1968). M. 1971, page 79 - 88; 377 – 382.

Galuzey), to show brotherly help to the peoples of the SRSR in the northern regions, there are few materials for machine tools and important machinery. This article is an attempt to show one of the most important processes in the development of these galuzes - the renewal and daily life of the manufacturing industry and important machinery during the rocks of the war, the difficulties of the leaders of these industries and paths I'm wearing a hem.

During the Great German War, the fascist fire pits built up a great number of machine-building plants: 749 factories of important and medium-sized machine-building were built, 64 of machining and abrasive plants, 89 of manufacturing plants. dyomno-transport and energetic possession. At the enterprises of Narkomvazhmash (NKTM), the coal output was estimated at 1815 million rubles. In addition, the German occupiers became poor and were sent to Germany. great quantity possession of Radyansky factories: they exported 83.9% of metallurgical and 74.7% of woodworking machines from BRSR 7. Already at the beginning of the war, the wire factories of the People's Commissariat of Verstat Construction (NKSS) and Narkomvazhmash decided to join the front-line and front-line conflict. Some of them were destroyed, suffered a lot from the attacks of fascist aviation, and continued to work in the face of the air attacks that would continue. The Hitlerites believed that they would be able to quickly bring the most important industries of the USSR into harmony and spare the Radyansky front from necessary products. The stench was noticeable.

The Communist Party and the Radyansky District have made significant advances in the export of rich industrial enterprises, material assets from the hazardous zone and the peaceful renovation of factories at new bases. The great organizational activity of the party and the order, the heroism and courage of the workers and servicemen made it possible, during the first three months of the military war, to move about 200 machine-building enterprises. and metal workings. Until May 1942 from the front line they were evacuated, most importantly to the Urals (Sverdlovsk, Chelyabinsk, Zolotoust) and Siberia (Krasnoyarsk, Omsk, Tomsk, Novosibirsk) 47 factories of important mechanical engineering and a large group of work tools enterprises The success of the massive relocation of industry was possible in the planned system of the dominion of the USSR.

In a short time, it was possible to successfully evacuate the great military forces, and to re-introduce them in new places. For example, 1941 Precisely before the decision of the RNK of the SRSR, the narcotics workers of the goiter were obliged to submit to the government a schedule for the renewal of relocation factories 8 . The following schedules have been confirmed for the skin industry of workmanship and important machinery. The struggle for innovation and the re-conversion of these schedules meant the replacement of all work enterprises. During the evacuation, the presence of sporadic outbreaks was observed in those areas where manufacturing plants and important machinery were directly located, but they often had to be located in other areas, which created additional difficulties, but also played a positive role - on the basis of evacuated businesses, new openings began to be created in these areas . 9 .

7 "The collection informs the Supervisory State Commission about the atrocities of the German fascist prisons." M. 1946, page 435 - 436; TsGANKH SRSR, f. 8243, op. 2, od., xr. 411, l. 5, 61, 87; "Achievements of Radyansk Belarus for 40 years." Statistical collection. Minsk. 1958, page 12 - 13.

8 A. M. Belikov. The hard work of industry is deep. "On the echelons to go. On the history of the relocation of the productive forces of the USSR 1941 - 1942." M. 1966, page 49.

9 Nutrition about evacuation and placement of factories, workbenches and important machinery are seen in robots: A.F. Vasiliev. Diyach-

At the end of the day, capital life, as a warehouse part of the military economy, took place in the distant pastures of the people's rule of the USSR. The most intensive war was carried out in the industrial sector. Galuzev, the structure of capital operations in the industrial sector has changed dramatically since the time of peace. The main assets and permanent resources were now used by the head ranks to organize military factories and cooperative enterprises from them. The uninterrupted increase in the defense industry's production efforts stimulated the development of all other wire-based industries of the people's dominion, and first of all in the metallurgical, burning-energy, and machine-building industries. Capital investments were directed mainly to expenses. From 1940 to 1942 Pet food to the Urals and Western Siberia in capital investments in the industry increased from 13.1% to 38.7%, Central Asia and Kazakhstan - from 5.2% to 9.2% 10 . This was extracted from the creation of similar areas of the strong military-economic base and the growth of the military production in Sweden.

The war also gave birth to a new type of capital work - renewal. The peculiarity of the modernization of the evacuated manufacturing and tool factories was due to the equally small obligation of new spores being introduced into the manufacturing shops. The refurbishment of the existing components was completed, and the supply of installation robots significantly increased. Enterprises of important mechanical engineering needed fundamentally developed equipment, possessing great presses, great furnaces for burning. The work of their renovation was complicated by a shortage of materials, equipment, and working hands. All the teams that arrived at the new bases, having gathered workers from local factories around them, flared up active activity from the revitalization of their enterprises. The renewal of a wide variety of important mechanical engineering enterprises was, in essence, recreated in a new way of life. Therefore, under the People's Commissariat of Vazhmash, the creation of Golovtyazhmashbud was created, which was carried out by trusts established in Orska, Barnauli, Buzuluk and other places. In the system of Verstatobuduvannya kerivnitstvo all budovs were created by Soyuzverstatobudu and Golovne day-to-day management, to which the construction and installation departments and management of economic districts (Uralstankobud, Sibstankobud, Tsentrostankobud, etc.) were ordered. As the war progressed around the world, the scale of life-changing work in machine tools and important machinery increased, and new trusts were organized. The most important national projects were renewed and disputed simultaneously with the People's Commissariat from everyday life.

The people's commissariat began to intensify the activities of government and trade union organizations and maintained constant control over the start-up lines of enterprises. The People's Commissars and their defenders systematically removed the Maidan activists. Born in 1941 NKTM spoke out about the dissatisfied work from the revival of evacuated factories. As of June 29, out of 38 evacuated enterprises, only 5 were partially renovated, and 20 were still in the dormant state. The People's Commissariat sharply criticized the work of its transport department, which did not make real progress towards the rapid delivery of equipment, and Golovpostach, which did not provide the refurbishment factories with everything necessary. The head of Golovpostach was punished until 3 September 1942. Submit to People's Commissar M. S. Kazakov a plan of approaches to ensure the security of children's daily life

There are no party organizations in the Pivdenny Urals for the placement of evacuated enterprises in 1941 - 1942. "Nutrition of history", 1961, N 6; A. V. Mitrofanova. Decree. op.; M. S. Zinich. The history of the workbench and important machine building in the first period of the Great White War. "History of the SRSR", 1971, No. 6.

10 "The Radian economy during the Great German War. 1941 - 1945.", Side. 166.

physical materials, transport, burning. 30 Bereznya 1942 r. The board of the People's Commissariat of Verstat Construction heard the testimony of the head of the department of capital work, V.I. Akimova about the results of the implementation of the capital work plan in the first quarter of 1942. Having indicated that the pace of activity was insufficient, the college planned to begin supplying labor and materials 11.

The war placed low-important and unimportant tasks before the civil servants and people's commissariats: they would work quickly, with maximum savings in materials, with a minimum number of workers. The simplified and accelerated design, the sublimation of supernaturalism in everyday life, eliminated the faceless transition that obscured its pace. The highest form of organization of construction and installation work has become the Swiss daily life. The great importance of the mass stagnation of the Swedish methods of everyday life was little decreed by the RNK of the SRSR on June 11, 1941. "About the activity of industrial enterprises for the minds of the wartime" 12. By the method of accelerated introduction into the action of industrial disputes from waste minimum quantity People's Commissariats and departments were allowed to supply materials to the main and additional workshops of the time-hour type at times of need. Drug addicts were aware of the rapid rate of wastage of scarce materials (metal, cement, purpose) and the widespread use of wood and other materials. During the hour of war, Radian engineers mastered other materials: local soil blocks, cinder concrete, high-grade gypsum, etc.

The real official of speeding up daily life has become the schedule of production of daily work and installation work, which allows for the immediate completion of various daily processes. This progressive beginning broke the tradition of callousness and the consistency of everyday work. The new principles of Swedish life have been stagnated in the face of the revival of evacuated enterprises. At the great carborundum plant, evacuated from Zaporizhzhya to Tashkent, in a short time, not only was the excessive workload restored, but two new workshops were established. If before the war it took Zaporizhzhya 30 months to set up preparation shops, then before the war it took Tashkent only 5 months; The furnace shop is open for 36 and 7 months on 13. The accelerated pace of everyday life was achieved by us immediately before the self-indulgence of the workers, the rational placement of equipment and the number of improvements. As a result, the plant's operating hours were shortened by 6 to 8 times, the operating time was reduced by perhaps half, and thousands of tons of metal, cement and other scarce materials were saved.

Regardless of the weather (frosts fell 40 - 50°), the schedule included the revival of the Kalibr tool plant near Chelyabinsk, the machine tool plant named after S. Ordzhonikidze in Nizhny Tagil, Kolomna steam locomotive important to the plant in Kirov. Some of the evacuated manufacturing facilities were located at the workshops of leading Ural machine-building plants: Chelyabinsk Tractor Plant, Uralmash, Uralvagonzavod 14. The personnel and ownership of the Lyudinovsky Locomotive Plant became the basis for the creation of folding locomotive production in the Volga region. On the basis of evacuated

11 TsGANKH SRSR, f. 8243, op. 1, one hr. 1112, l. 253 – 254; od. hr. 1123, arc. eleven; f. 8259, op. 1, one hr. 269, l. 190 – 192.

12 "The decision of the party and the order of the ruler's food." T. 3, M. 1968, page 49.

13 B. Sokolov. Decree. TV, story 36.

14 More details about this div. G. P. Efremtsev. Kolomna Steam Locomotive Plant - to the front. "No-Applied Feat", M. 1968; I. Gudov. Decree. TV

In the wake of important machine-building and forging-press equipment, a new machine-building industry was being created in Kazakhstan. The Voroshilovgrad Steam Locomotive Plant is located in Almaty. The Moscow party, on the 14th and 10th, discussed food related to the creation of a new machine manufacturing center in Alma-Ata, and decided to come soon to its latest launch. Thanks to the labor heroism of the workers, assistance to the local party and radyan organizations, the plant began in 1942 on the 15th. The renewal of relocation enterprises in Siberia took place on a broad front. With the help of party and local organizations, the Tomsk team of the largest cutting tools plant in the region "Frezer" mobilized local resources and ensured the growth of industry in Sweden. Great work came from the renovation of the instrumental plant named after Z. Voskov near Novosibirsk. The teams of the evacuated enterprises endured hard trials. By mid-1942 Over half of the relocating factories of important machinery were carried out in reverse. At the end of the day, it was decided to renovate the low level of manufacturing plants. Abrasive industries have become increasingly active.

Renewals at the same time of the factory of manufacturing tools and important machinery made it possible to create a manufacturing park for the defense industry and create great industrial complexes in these republics and regions where they did not exist before the war. The increase in the number of manufacturing bases for textile production and important machinery made it possible to organize the duplication of production of various types of production at many factories in different areas and in the proximity of production to co-workers. The evacuated workers and workers passed on their knowledge, underground and industrial culture to the personnel of the new industrial areas. During the most intense period of the war, they were rapidly releasing military products, which became an important part of the drug trade's illegal sales of products.

Historical victory near Moscow, liberation of low areas in the Center of the RRFSR stretching back to 1941. that sіchnya - bereznya 1942 r. slipped fighting activities at sunset The change in the situation at the front was positively reflected in the top economic plans. For the first time in history, capital-intensive work was sparked in the military minds from the revival of the war-produced industry of the front-line smuha, including the development of instrumental industry and important machinery, based on Enterprises that are being re-evacuated.

This process was fraught with great difficulties. Another born in 1941. The gross output of the Radian industry accounted for 76% of the output produced during the same period of 1940 16 . During the transition to the military way, the most important resources were redistributed to the defense people's commissariat. In the machine-tool industry and the important machine-building industry, difficulties were faced by the fact that in 1942. This galusi, due to the callousness of the post, was equated to the defense industry. The People's Commissariat had to carry out great robot in search of internal reserves, the establishment of more reliable cooperative links, and the maximum utilization of local resources. Their minds concentrated on the innovation of the most important enterprises in the machine tool industry.

15 S. Nurmukhamedov. A feat of labor for the AZTM team at the rocks of the Great German War (1941 – 1945). "Izvestia" of the Academy of Sciences of the Kazakh RSR. VIP. 3 (11). Alma-Ata. 1959, story 3, 11, 17 - 19.

16 "History of the Great German War of the Radyansky Union. 1941 - 1945". T. 6. Stor. 45.

mental craftsmanship and important machine production - first at the revitalized factories of Moscow and the Moscow region.

The industrial instrumental industry was a leading indicator of the capital's industry (the Moscow region had 21 NKSS enterprises before the war). Moscow factories occupied an important place in the production system, so their re-evacuation and the most obvious revival, as well as the renewal of the relocation of enterprises, became the most important directly in the activities of the People's Commissariat . People's Commissar of Verstatobuduvannya A. I. Efremov by order dated February 21, 1942. went to the heads of Golovstankomizhprom A. A. Pavlov, Golovstankosmizhprom V. I. Skoptsev, director of the Experimental Scientific Research Institute Pre-Slednytsky Institute(ENIMS) I. F. Maslennikov was transferred to Moscow for 10 days and was not installed at the meeting of the plant "Chervoniy Proletar", "Komsomolets", named after S. Ordzhonikidze, "Stankolit", "Stankokonstruktsiya" 18. The first trains with great milestones for the factories named after S. Ordzhonikidze, the "Red Proletarian" arrived to the capital at the beginning of the winter.

Already in 1942. At the machine-tool plant named after S. Ordzhonikidze, an order was issued to renovate the workshop in collaboration with V.I. Fedorov. The plant was renovated from the savings of the old profile: the production of turret machines and automatic machines. For all main objects, a single term of commissioning is scheduled - 1st June 1942. There was a fire among the teams over the best possible installation and the high efficiency of the work. Inherited by the heroic work of the Verstat factory workers until the end of 1942. The renovation of the plant was completed. 11 of the leading virobniks were awarded orders and medals of the Radyansky Union (miller S. N. Migachov, millwright T. V. Kusaev, head of virobin V. L. Glukharev and in.) 19. The teams of the factories “Chervoniy Proletar”, “Komsomolets”, “Stankokonstruktsia” and others achieved no less success in revitalizing their enterprises. It's not enough greater significance for the improvement of the production base of the capital's layout

At the same time, great work was carried out in the People's Commissariat of Vascular Machinery. Based on the decision of the DKO dated 13th quarter and the order from the NKTM dated 17th quarter 1942. Works started from the birth of the giant of important machine production – the Novokramatorsk plant near the Elektrostal metro station. The term for this renewal was designated - 1st birthday 1942. The Novokramatorians were faced with a new task - to build a plant on a new site and turn it into a base for the production of metallurgy, mining, and ore production. With respect to the renewal of this enterprise, the People's Commissariat sent here necessary materials and personnel. People worked on weekdays for 18 years per day. The People's Commissariat voted for the successful work of a great group of novokramators, including director E. Novosyolov, chief engineer B. Yakovlev, electrician S. Korotkevich, and awarded them. Torishny sickle born in 1942, before the term established by law, the Novokramatorsk plant started the 20th century. The plant became a great machine manufacturing base.

Renewal work was carried out at the Moscow enterprises "Pidyomnik", "Stalmost", Kolomna Steam Locomotive Plant. Successful renewal of enterprises in the Moscow industrial district in 1942. made it possible to significantly advance the technical

18 TsGANKH SRSR, f. 8259, op. 1, one hr. 6, l. 4 – 16, 36 – 37; od. hr. 270, l. 42 – 44.

19 Archives of the plant named after S. Ordzhonikidze, op. 9, St. 2, one hr. 1, l. 14; "Bilshovik Verstat Factory", 6.VIII.1942.

20 TsGANKH SRSR, f. 8243, op. 1, one hr. 12, l. 3 – 7; O. Shevchenka, O. Zaitsev. Decree. TV

the need for military mining in the capital's industry, for the Novobudovs and the Moscow coal basin, which is reviving, is necessary for metallurgy, hoisting and transport, and mining. Zagalom born in 1942 In the system of production of important machinery, 53 workshops with an area of ​​195.5 thousand were updated and reconstructed. sq. 21 meters.

In addition to the new robots in the machine tool industry, new objects have emerged, mainly in similar regions of the country. Already adopted by the RNK of the USSR and the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks on September 16, 1941. The military-state plan began in the third quarter of 1942. send the first draft of Alapaevsky to the plant of machine guns and revolving machines. The Sverdlovsk Plant of Important Verstats was released in 1942. 600 verstats. The work of important machinery factories near Krasnoyarsk and Barnaul was accelerated 22. The military situation demanded a concentration of capital and vital materials on the ruined objects, which had little military-state significance, and in connection with this – conservation of vitality was low. Enterprises, including factories, produced workbenches and important machinery produced before the war.

As it turned out, the war dramatically changed the distribution of capital investment between the countries. In the middle of the galoozes there were also changes. Capital investment plan for the cost of sale 1941 rub. was assigned to Narkomtyazhmash in the amount of 415 million rubles, and 250 million rubles. (60.8%) was attributed to enterprises, like in 1941. happened to evacuate, and 165 million krb. (39.2%) - to enterprises that have established themselves in rural areas. In the military situation, the cats switched to the current program of first-order alertness. For example, in the fourth quarter of 1941. Krasnoyarsk plant "Chervoniy Profintern" was allocated 9.1 million rubles, Barnaul plant - 3.6 million rubles. During the same period, 6 million rubles were allocated to the plant of important machines in Sverdlovsk, and 2.5 million rubles were allocated to the plant of automatic machines and turret machines in Alapaevsk 23. Born in 1941 - 1942 The People's Commissariat of Manufacturing and Important Machine Building created new projects also in Novosibirsk and Orsk, and also the main ones daily work there were vikonans in 1943 - 1945 rocks. During the resumption of the war, an abrasive plant and a benchtop equipment plant near Tashkent were put into operation. 3 breast born 1942 The Alapaevsk Automatic Machines and Revolving Machines Plant has become a supplier of its defense products to the Urals.

At the same time, work was carried out at an accelerated pace on the reconstruction of factories and enterprises that were transferred to the NKRS from other departments. To satisfy the growing demand for machining products, mechanical and tool shops were reconstructed and expanded at the Chervony Proletarian, Gorky and Dmitry factories, and the plant named after S. Ordzhonikidze. It was planned to create new forging and brewing workshops at the Kuibishevsky and Novosibirsk machine tool plants. Due to the most recent modernization of the production of boilers and turbines, which were urgently required by power plants, People's Commissariat of Vascular Machinery at Lipnya 1942 r. the unfurnished buildings were transferred to the Uralturbozavod, the workshop of the Podilsky Machine-Building Plant, and the location of the Biysk Regional Industrial Union. A lot of self-sacrifice of workers and the facilities were soon converted into boiler-turbine production workshops. Stretch 1942 r. life-changing robots were pro-

21 M. S. Zinich. Decree. op., side 96.

22 "The decision of the party and the order of the ruler's food." T. 3, page 44 - 48.

23 TsGANKH SRSR, f. 8243, op. 1, one hr. 13, l. 63 – 65; op. 2, one hr. 326, l. 49 63; f. 8259, op. 1, one hr. 5, l. 89.

Manufacturing work was carried out at 76 enterprises of the People's Commissariat, established in the Urals, Siberia, and the Moscow industrial region. During the same period, the NKTM system created, updated and reconstructed 269.4 thousand. sq. m of virobnichikh areas, they are newly created 73.9 thousand. sq. 24 meters.

These changes made it possible to increase the output of military products in these galusas, and to promote the development of low-priority plants that burned and rapidly decreased during the early period of the war. At the enterprises of Narkomvazhmash, the output of ammunition has continued to increase by 4 times, mortar production by 6 times, and mortar production by 2.5 times. Recently, the production of medium- and low-pressure boilers, ore furnaces, and chavun economizers was renewed; 7.6 thousand were produced. t of metallurgical equipment. Workshop workers, in addition to daily military production, provided aviation, artillery, and tank factories with aggregate machines, the output of which increased by 11% in 1940. up to 44% 1942 rock 25. Their creation appeared in a respectful manner The technical development of witchcraft manufacturing provided great assistance to the military galuzes of the people's rule during the war.

The workbench and the important machine industry have successfully passed an important stage of the military transition. The progress of military activities and the military economy in 1943 - 1945. made it possible to carry out more effective approaches by igniting capital work in the industry, protecting the wires and drains. Zagalny obsyag capital investment in industry 1943 r. becoming 13 billion rubles, 1944 r. - 18.9 billion rubles, which reached the level of 1940 26. In the foreground hung the order of the greatest proportional development of all industries. In anticipation of the development of a peaceful economy, the Communist Party and the Radyansky government looked for additional opportunities for the production of huge products.

The rise of the Red Army and the liberation of more and more territories from the Nazi occupiers created friendly minds for the revival of the people's dominion destroyed by the enemy. The pace and scale increased, and the financing of capital renovation works in the developed territory increased. The supply of the regions that were recognized by the timely occupation, capital investments in the industry increased by 3.7% in 1942. up to 7.8% in 1943 and 31% in 1944 27. A characteristic phenomenon is the transition to a major renovation of industrial enterprises. Modern robots from 1943 to 1945. were carried out in accordance with new technical advances, the creeks were equipped with the most thorough installations. This meant that during the war, a technical reconstruction of enterprises was carried out.

The revival of industry in rural areas is becoming a popular demand, and the introduction of new enterprises is also increasing in the military-economic potential of the region. The party and the order, having taken a firm course towards the revival of the most important parts of civil engineering, respectfully followed the work of the work benches and important machinery. Main program

24 Same there, f. 8243, op. 1, one hr. 11, arc. 12; od. hr. 19, arc. 46; f. 8259, op. 1, one hr. 6, l. 12.

25 Same there, f. 8243, op. 1, one hr. 19, arc. 46; "History of the Great German War of the Radyansky Union. 1941-1945". T. 6, side. 62.

26 "History of the Great German War of the Radyansky Union. 1941 - 1945". T 4, page 586.

27 "The Radian economy during the Great German War of 1941 - 1945.", Side. 166.

the scope of activity of the remaining ones was specified in a number of resolutions, sovereign plans the development and renewal of the people's rule and in special decisions in the areas of production and economic areas that allow for more changes in the modern military and civil production 28. The NKRS was given the task of maximizing the production of machines, presses, and tools. The Narkomvazhmash plant will ensure serial production of locomotives and increase the scale of metallurgical production. The boiler and turbine industry has done little to help upgrade the energy sector in Donbass. To complete this task, it was necessary to carry out a great deal of capital work on the daily life, reconstruction and renovation of factories in the developed territory. The central objects were the factories of the western and southern regions of the country, which suffered the most during the occupation.

Based on the pace and results of the life-changing work of Galusa, the great world of machinery underlay the development of the industry as a whole, and guided the development of the entire people's rule of the USSR in the post-war period. Therefore, the country has increased its allocation for capital work on machine tools and machinery. Born in 1943 In addition to the instrumental industry, 16.2 million crabs were seen from the method, 1944 rub. - 27.2 million rubles. According to the NKSS in 1944. The capital expenditure plan was approved in the amount of 300 million rubles, of which for production, expansion and modernization of manufacturing plants and manufacturing enterprises - 206.5 million rubles. The capital investment in the importance of machinery during the period also exceeded the pre-war level. Allocation for daily work in this country 1944 r. accounted for 49% of all expenses 29. But the problems were still greater. Workplace production and the importance of machine building, especially in areas that were subject to occupation, were not provided with sufficient fuel, electricity, metal, although a significant part of them was now directly linked to military surpluses economics of civil engineering. Future organizations of people's commissariats are not of little importance material and technical fundamentals, rejected workers. Popra ci problems, in 1943 - 1945. The work was carried out to revitalize the machining industry and important machinery. An important feature of the modernization of the machine-building industry during this period lay in the fact that the factories were oriented towards the production of peaceful products. The proximity of the end of the war made it possible to begin the gradual reconversion of the industry, especially in other areas. In the autumn of 1943 A massive re-evacuation of machine-building enterprises flared up. On the cob 1944 r. First-generation work was carried out at 24 machine-tool factories (without Glavabraziv) and at 33 great enterprises of important mechanical engineering 30.

The Communist Party and the Radyansky District contributed great importance to the renewal of Leningrad enterprises, which

28 16 rubles 1943 r. the resolution of the DKO “On the development of direct-flow boiler production in the USSR” was adopted; 21st Serpnya 1943 r. - Resolution of the RNK of the SRSR and the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks "About the unexpected approaches to the renewal of the state in the regions from German occupation February 28, 1944 - resolution of the DKO “About the development of the production of metalworking machines at the enterprises of the People’s Commissariat of Workstation” (“The Party’s Decision and the Order of the Gospodar’s Feed.” T. 3, page 130 - 169, 190 - 194).

29 TsGANKH SRSR, f. 8259, op. 1, one hr. 36, l. 68 – 69; od. hr. 127, arc. 57; "The decision of the party and the order of the ruler's food." T. 3, page 191; L. Gatovsky. Economic victory of the Radyansky Union in the Great Vitchinian War. M. 1946, story 102; TsGANKH SRSR, f. 8243, op. 2, one hr. 411, arc. 31.

30 "Budevelniki - to the front", page 27.

Before the war, they occupied a prominent place in the machine industry and were famous for their highly qualified cadres of labor workers and fakhivts. During the blockade, a significant number of enterprises were mothballed, many of them were seriously damaged by the fallout from the enemy’s aircraft. Born in 1943 there was a breakup of the Nevsky and Metal Plants, "Russian Diesel", "Economizer". The workshops were re-conserved. The mechanical shop of “Russian Diesel”, located several kilometers from the front line, has already produced its first products. The factory team also renovated the repair and storage workshop. Having entered the active and low workshops of the Nevsky plant. Born in 1944 Leningraders moved on from renovating the surrounding facilities that were being mothballed to renewing all the industry of the place. Since today 1944 it is once again included in the Union plan. Resolutions of DKO dated 29 February 1944 "About first-order approaches to the renewal of industry and the lordship of Leningrad in 1944." at the enterprises of NKSS ("Stankolit", "Gidroprivid", named after Ya. M. Sverdlov and others) capital work was transferred for a total cost of 10 million rubles. The People's Commissariat of Workplace Works is committed to updating the Leningrad workbench industry, ensuring the production of tools worth 10 million rubles, abrasive products - 6 million rubles. It was allowed to use all the surfaces that were in use in the city for household needs. The role of the Leningrad industry in the right supply of great steam and hydraulic turbines is enormously important, and DKO ordered Narkomvazhmash to renovate turbine production at the Metal and Nevsky plants. Nevsky plant named after V. I. Lenin was designated as the main base for the production of wind blowing machines for the ferrous metallurgy enterprises of the region. The state saw 43.8 million rubles. for life-changing work and equipment for 6 Leningrad factories of important machinery (Nevsky, Metaleviy, “Russian Diesel”, etc.) 31.

Born in 1944 The workers of the Leningrad versatility achieved an important victory. During the process of updating factories, the production of folding models of benchtops and tools was again interrupted. Teams of enterprises demonstrated productivity, went to technical risk, and continued producing pre-war types of products. Before the war, the local factories produced 160 different types of versats, and their quality was the pre-war value of 32. The workers of the important machine industry of Leningrad achieved great success: in 1944. They have increased the production of DKO by 126.5%, their gross output reached 41.8% of 1940 33. The teams of the Nevsky and Metal Plants completed the river program in full. At the Nevsky Plant, the production workshops with a total area of ​​42,320 square meters were put into operation again. m, 300 units installed. Kozhen, a member of the factory team, worked for 25 years. The Nevsky Plant became a great base for the production of various turbomachines, helping to innovate the ferrous metallurgy of Pivdnya. So Leningrad turned itself into a place among the greatest vehicle centers Spilki.

At the forefront of modern work were the production of machine tools and important machinery in Ukraine and Belarus. Doctors are guilty of an important role in the revived industry of the Radyansky Union, DKO and RNA of the USSR, from about 1943 to the beginning of 1944. adopted special resolutions about the Swede -

31 "The decision of the party and the order of the ruler's food." T. 3, page 195 - 200; "Draw the history of Leningrad." T. 5, page 390, 449.

32 "Draw the history of Leningrad." T. 5, page 453 - 454.

33 TsGANKH SRSR, f. 8243, op. 1, one hr. 19, arc. 84.

The modernized Novokramatorsk, Starokramatorsk plants, the Kharkov group of manufacturing plants, the Gomel manufacturing plant and other enterprises that were included in the process of renewal in the production of peaceful products and will serve as the basis for the revival of ferrous metallurgy, coal industry in Pivdnya, and power plants in Donbass 34. The agreements on the materials were placed in a planned manner and were taken into account in all industries.

The mass character of the organizations resulted in the patronage of the central and similar regions over the territories of the country who suffered from the fascist invasion. November 21, 1943 "Pravda" published an account of the new Krasnoyarsk workers evacuated to Elektrostal, and of all workers of important machinery with a call to take a voluntary part from the revived deconstructed enterprises. On the 26th of leaf fall, the Red Proletarians marched to the verstatobudivniki after similar fury. The Presidium of the Central Committee of the Trade Union of Workers of the Important Machine Industry praised the initiative of the team of the Novokramatorsk plant in Elektrostal, which took patronage over the Novokramatorsk plant, which is now in full swing, in Donbass. They were also adopted by other enterprises. The team of the Irkutsk Machine Building Plant, which took patronage over the Starokramatorsk Plant, already fell in 1943. having seen 25 wagons, 2 wagons of scarce materials and tools, for 25 thousand. crb. wide variety of items, 50 thousand. rubles 35. Under the order of patronage, the Kusinsky Machine Building Plant and the Ural Turbine Plant assisted the Kharkiv Turbo Generator Plant, and the Podilsky Plant helped the Taganroz Chervony Kotelnik Plant. Meshkanci Russian Federation, Kazakhstan, the republics of Central Asia came to the aid of areas that suffered under the hostile occupation. Realizing that only with all the strength it is possible to revive the people's rule, the workers of hundreds of industrial enterprises, looking forward to the repair, prepared and sent a variety of products to various regions. The enterprises that are being renovated regularly received trains with possessions, tools, fakhivs, and qualified robot workers. Patronage assistance played a significant role in the revitalized state, improving the quality of life and cultural life of the population in the new territory.

Thanks to the labor heroism of thousands of workers already in 1943. The People's Commissariat of Verstat production plants entered into operation in Krasnodar, Maikop, Novocherkassk, Voronezh. Over the years, the newly developed NKRS factories have produced products worth 1.4 million rubles 36 . The Kharkov group of manufacturing plants was revitalized at a rapid pace, ensuring that everything we needed was provided for us in advance. 7 leaf fall 1944 r. The Kiev plant of automatic machines named after O. M. Gorky reported to the party and government about the production of the first machine. The workers of the Kramatorsk plant of important lathes, the renovation of which began apparently before the order of the NKSS on November 9, 1943, produced the first roll lathes for ferrous metallurgy. In the process of updating these enterprises, the technical achievements of the wartime were widely exploited (the transfer of production to flow, the introduction of specialization, the mechanization of other types of work), which allowed for greater and productivity of work. The great program of renovation work during the war was carried out by the workers of the Minsk, Vitebsk, and Gomel manufacturing plants. Let's reach out to 1944 rock

34 "History of the Communist Party of the Radyansky Union." T. 5, book. 1, M. 1970, page 674 - 675; History of the Great White War of the Radyansky Union. 1941-1945". T. 4, page 621.

35 "Profspilki SRSR". Documents and materials. T. 3. M. 1963, page 309.

36 TsGANKH SRSR, f. 8259, op. 1, one hr. 1659, l. 61 – 68.

on the working days of the People's Commissariat of Verstat, the result of innovative work became 87% of all building areas, 1945. - 82.5% 37 .

Among the most important objects of NKTM that are being updated is the Novokramatorsk plant of important machinery. In parallel with the new robots, the plant began producing cars for Donbass, which is reviving. Deeply understanding the underlying interests of the people, the efforts of the labor workers to put the plant into operation resulted in mass labor heroism. 40 women's brigades were talking among themselves. With the initiative of the party organization among the civil society workers, the millennium movement began. Important minds have wartime on short lines The development was carried out at the first plant - 14 production shops with a total area of ​​120 thousand. sq. m - ta 5 thousand. sq. m living; A unique property was put into operation - the largest metalworking workbenches, important electric bridge cranes, energy dominion 38. The collapsible units were manufactured at home (it was not possible to go into re-evacuation before the equipment was imported, as from the new re-evacuation enterprises of 1942), and now it was a culprit. The self-propelled work of the novices gave miraculous results. Before the river was released, the first mining machine was released to Donbass. The Dnipropetrovsk Metallurgical Plant, the Voroshilovgrad and Bryansk Steam Locomotive Plants, and the Lyudinovsky Locomotive Plant 39 rallied in heroic action among thousands of people.

In line with the updates, great respect was given to the machine tool industry and the important machine industry for the construction of unfinished and new facilities, and the expansion of existing enterprises. Even in the first, most important period of the war, the NKRS gave over to the giant plant "Tyazhstankohydropres" (a plant named after A. I. Efremov) from Novosibirsk. For this purpose, the organization allocated 230 million rubles. This was the most complex and important work for the People's Commissariat. Beginning in the year 1943, a number of regulatory decisions were made regarding the operation of the plant, the most recent launch of which was recognized by the most important national plants. Our immediate plan was to put into operation the distillery, forging and press shops, and mechanical collection shops. It was not easy to do this: there were no working hands, lifting and transport equipment, or electricity. The People's Commissariat is alive with terminological approaches. In kvitny-travna 1943 r. The plant's supervisors and facists were sent to the plant, specific plans were developed for the organization of the skin workshop, and additional personnel were assigned to specific areas. This allowed us to speed up the activity, to intensify the preparations for the production. Up to 1 sickle was put into operation 21 thousand. sq. m of vibration area, over 200 units were installed. 25 Serpnya "Tyazhstankohydropres" released the first universal hydraulic press of a folding design 40.

About the scope of everyday life of the NKRS enterprises in 1943 – 1944 pp. To summarize the following data: there was a total of 62.7 million rubles in capital works from new buildings, and 57.4 million rubles in reconstructed enterprises. Born in 1944 The Tashkent Instrument Plant was put into operation. 1945 r. The future organizations of the NKRS have transferred the duties of their ancestral work in line with the latest fate.

37 Ibid., od. hr. 1709, l. 5 – 6; od. hr. 1769, l. 10 – 11.

38 O. Shevchenko, O. Zaitsev. Decree cit., page 85 - 86; TsGANKH SRSR, f. 8243, op. 1, one hr. 1167, arc. 31.

39 V. Volokhiv. Decree. cit., page 129 - 132; I. Lur'ie, L. Krasnov. The fires of our factory. Dnipropetrovsk. 1965, page 11 - 13.

40 "Economic life of the USSR. Chronicle of relevant facts." Book 1. M. 1967, page 362; TsGANKH SRSR, f. 8259, op. 1, one hr. 3670, l. 16 – 17.

It was introduced at 136.2 thousand. sq. m of virobnichikh area, 128 thousand. sq. m 1944 rub., in that number 17.2 thousand were renewed. sq. m, reconstructed 63 thousand. sq. m, updated 112.7 thousand. sq. meters 41.

Narkomvazhmash's respect was due to the Krasnoyarsk plant "Chervoniy Profintern" ("Sibtyazhmash"), which produces hoisting, transport, metallurgical equipment and boilers 42. Location in Siberia and on Go far away New metallurgical and burning bases, road construction greatly increased the need for equipment. The creation of the great center of the important machine building Gathering was important for the people of Spodarsky, which allowed us to sharply reduce the cost of transportation and ensure the possession of the Novobudovo region. The completion of this project was planned in the amount of 327 million rubles 43 . Stretch 1943 – 1945 rub. The team of workers under the direction of the party organization worked at a rapid pace. On the cob 1945 r. The plant's first work has been completed. Budivelniki reported to the DKO: 15 winemaking workshops with an area of ​​72 thousand were created. sq. m, which will ensure the next cycle of production of locomotives and metallurgical cranes. A steam locomotive mechanical assembly shop with unique equipment and a 100-ton overhead crane, a boiler shop with a stamping press of 750 tons, a steelworks shop and etc. were put into operation. The roboch settlement was created with a zhitlovo area of ​​50 thousand. sq. meters The People's Commissariat highly appreciated the activity of the workers of the giant of important machine building on the banks of the Yenisei - based on the release of the most important needs of the people's dominion: a large group of workers was shocked by the awards they received ї 44.

The People's Commissariat also did not agree with the supply of food to the Orsk plant of important machinery (Yuzhuralmash), which was brought to the last days of the country. At the meeting of the NKTM board on February 26, 1945. a report was heard about the interruption of everyday work this object. People's Commissar N.S. Kozakov pointed out the insufficiently high rate of activity and the need to force this debate. A critical assessment of the activity of the team of civil servants yields few positive results. The commissioning of workshops began to take place in installed terms 45. Robots and other enterprises became angry. 30 lipnya 1943 r. The Barnaul Boiler Plant produced its first product - a boiler with a productivity of 75 tons per year 46. To ensure the production of civilian products in the pre-war period, the Narkomvazhmash production process will begin in 1945 before the establishment of the Novosibirsk and Kaluz Turbine Plants and the Bilgorod Boiler Plants. It was planned to launch the development of new enterprises from the production of blast furnace, open-hearth furnace, and bridge cranes in Western Siberia and in the Southern Caucasus.

Due to the increased software requirements for the release of equipment for ferrous and color metallurgy, the electrical industry, it was necessary to increase the workload of the metallurgical shops of NKTM factories in order to operate. The People's Commissariat system had 18 enterprises with operating metallurgical shops (Kolomensky, Novokramatorsk, Irkutsk, Buzulutsky, etc.), There was a stink at 9 factories. Born in 1944 a task was set before the metallurgists - to give the rock a stretch of 138.8 thousand. t rare steel, 36 thousand. t forgings, 44.2 thousand. t verstatny

41 Ibid., od. hr. 32, arc. 265; od. hr. 1769, arc. 10.

42 B. F. Bagaev, I. M. Chudinova. Decree: op.; M. R. Akulov. Decree. TV

43 TsGANKH SRSR, f. 8243, op. 2, one hr. 43, l. 69, 101.

44 "Pravda", 18.II.1945; TsGANKH SRSR, f. 8243, op. 3, one hr. 715, l. 10 – 13.

45 TsGANKH SRSR, f. 8243, op. 1, one hr. 1182, arc. 124; op. 3, one hr. 715, arc. 2.

46 "Economic life of the USSR. Chronicle of relevant facts." Book 1, side 362.

that 88.2 thousand. t of chawun littya. For this purpose, it was planned to complete the functioning of metallurgical shops at 9 enterprises and reconstruct existing workshops at Kolomna, Irkutsk, Nyaze-Petrovsky plants 47. However, the overall nutritional value is from 1944 to 1945 pp. didn't go away. New life, reconstruction of old squares marked the production base of production facilities and important machinery, which made it possible to expand the scale of modernization of civil production in the drug system.

The grandiose scale of the life-changing activities that took place during the war period is one of the most striking manifestations of the greatest advantages of the socialist mode. The Zagal of the SRSR punished 3.5 thousand for the consequences of the war in the Tilovian regions. 7.5 thousand of great industrial enterprises were restored in the areas liberated as a result of occupation. enterprises 48 . The blessed dominion of the SRSR had enough strength to immediately carry out capital work in the fields of civil engineering and other manufacturing industries, in order to satisfy the needs of the region. In times of extreme stress on labor, financial, and material resources, the successful development of daily life plans was right and wrong. However, despite the difficult times of war, new industries came into operation in the manufacturing of tools and tools in Alapaevsk, Novosibirsk, Tashkent and other places. During the war, the Narkomvazhmash system created 20 and reconstructed 12 enterprises, mainly in similar areas, which indicated a change in the geography of capital everyday life49.

During the course of the war, a huge amount of work was carried out to modernize the evacuated and destroyed industries. The first period of development of the European economy and the growth of capital-renewal work are characterized by the significant achievements of the newly restructured industry. Revival at the end of the evacuated factory of manufacturing and important machine building in 1941-1942. played a prominent role as a valuable manufacturing base for the defense industry, providing the front with essential products. Born in 1943 - 1945 in connection with the possible demands of the Red Army and the army Radyansk land In front of the fascist firehouses, a broad front of rabid robots flared up in the territory that had become occupied. Material gains, production of the Radyan industry, including machinery (ruining of factory equipment, looting and possession, etc.), were calculated in billions of rubles. Even if, after such expenses and ruins, it would have taken decades to restore the pre-war capacity, otherwise the USSR would have fulfilled these tasks in short historical terms.

With the restoration of the newly-constituted state, the Communist Party and the Radyansky District gave important respect to the guilty people. Born in 1944 In many areas, capital work in their work has surpassed the level of pre-war rocks, and the gross industrial output of these areas has increased 50. Machine-tool plants in Belarus (Vitebsk, Gomel, Minsk), Ukraine (Kievsky, 4 Kharkivsky, Odessky) were renovated. 1943 was vibrated on the liberated territory. 3.4% of the foreign-union issue of verstats, 1944. - 7%, 1945 r. - 9.4% (at enterprises of the People's Commissariat

47 TsGANKH SRSR, f. 8243, op. 1, one hr. 13, l. 6, 16; op. 3, one hr. 704, l. 13, 14.

48 Ya. E. Chadayev. Decree. TV, story 177.

49 TsDAOR SRSR, f. 5451, op. 25, od. hr. 1236, arc. 10.

50 L. Gatovsky. Decree. TV, page 103.

versatility is generally 5.7%, 11.4%, 19%) 51. The truly heroic work of civil servants, engineers, and technicians was able to renovate 26 factories of Narkomvazhmash. They began to supply the products of the giants of important machinery again in Novokramatorsk, Voroshilovgrad, Bryansk and other industrial centers, ensuring the ownership of the industry, which is reviving. On the renewal of the People's Commissariat of Important Machine Building in Birch 1945. accounted for 44% of the production of mine lifting machines, 25% of the production of steam boilers 52.

The miraculous results of industrial activity in the USSR during the Great German War (except for the industrial activity of the huge machine industry) have no equal to the practice of light activity. The stench reached the entire planned system of the people's dominion of the USSR, the self-imposed work class, all the common people, the great organizing and direct activities of the Communist Party.

51 Praised for: “The decision of the party and the order of the ruler’s food.” T. 3, page 191; G. S. Kravchenko. Decree. cit., stor 247 - 248; TsGANKH SRSR, f. 8259, op. 1, one hr. 1810, arc. 21; od. hr. 2795, arc. 87.

52 Yu. A. Prikhodko. Renewal of industry among agricultural workers in the fascist German occupation areas of the USSR (1942 – 1945). "History of the SRSR", 1968, N 6, page 20.

HISTORY OF INDUSTRIALIZATION
USSR 1933-1937

No. 19 To the order of the People's Commissariat of Heavy Industry No. 557 about the disintegration of the larynx

Over the course of the first five years, the machine-building industry at Spiltsa has grown into an independent machine-building industry. The manufacturing base of manufacturing plants has been significantly expanded, significant personnel of designers and manufacturing workers have been recruited and trained, the production of manufacturing plants has grown sharply, and the range of manufacturing plants has been expanded, so they are starting to develop low new current verstats.

Regardless of the designation of the achievements, the biggest challenge in the development of worktops is the extreme limited range of machines that are produced, as a result of which we are hesitant to go into significant sizes before importing. The typesetting tools that are being created in the Union are of the most important universal type; Grinding benches are no longer vibrating at all - automatic and automatic, large and important benchtops, special and simple types of benchtops for university purposes, which are more likely to stagnate in mass production.

In order to apparently liberate the country from foreign occupation and satisfy the uneasy needs of the most important galusi of the people's dominion in the metalworking verstats, I punish:

1. The workbench connected with a strand of another five-tenths will ensure the organization of production of at least 200 standard sizes of new workbenches, in addition to 40 standard sizes of workbenches that are already being produced at the moment.

2. With further specification, we encourage the production of new types and sizes of machine tools based on a detailed look at a number of great objects of the new everyday life, with the help of employees - G UTLP, GUAP, Golovtransmash and other scientific research organizations and analysis of the designed technology and terms introduced clarify and add the type of layouts they are prepared for the next three years.

3. When choosing the design of new workbenches, take as a basis, after their constant modification, American or European concepts, which provide the greatest simplicity of design, ease of control and flexibility. There is a possibility of stagnation of standard units.

4. Continue the production of different types of machines (lathes, planers, milling machines, turrets, etc.), expanding their range of both types and increasing their dimensions, especially in part grinding, gearing, carousel and high-turning workbenches.

5. Printed from the end of 1933. production of single-spindle automatic machines and automatic machines, and 1934 p. — many spindle automatic machines.

6. Start installing hydraulics in the workbench, first of all, grinding workbenches.

7. BEO and machine tools have widely developed the work with electrification of workbenches and mastered the production of high-speed motors and electric gearboxes for the needs of workbenches.

8. Workbench with a length of 1933 rubles. improve the production in a centralized order of the main normals of workbenches (fasteners, weights, flywheels) for the production of factories that engage in workbench production.

9. We will review the plan of specialization of our factories with a sharp expansion of the number of types and sizes of production at the leather factory of our factories and not later than 1 line of the central line. taxes for approval to Golovmashprom new plan specialization of factories.

10. By expanding the manufacturing base of the manufacturing plant, the head administration, the consolidation and renewal of the NKTP in the localities will widely explore the possibilities they have for setting up the manufacturing of metalworking products at their factories. stats

11. Grant the Machine Tools the right to recognize the types and sizes of workbenches, which will facilitate the production of important industrial products at all factories, and the hardening of structural chairs until the beginning of the production of the benchtop.

12. Set up a machine-tooling bureau at the warehouse for planning workbenches and at factories, which does not go into the machine-tooling department. Golovmashprom and ORGRATS will look at the regulations about the bureau and carry out its registration through the relevant authorities.*

13. It is necessary to oblige all NKTP enterprises that produce metal-cutting workbenches for power needs, and also to provide the quarterly machine-tool information about the release of the workbench.

14. The planning sector and head departments, with installed and approved production programs, must ensure the inclusion of up to date and quarterly production programs, trusts and factories for the production of machine tools for machine tool production tasks, approved by Golovmashpro mom.

15. Machine tools are widely used to produce chairs for new workbenches, including the central design bureau and design bureaus of factories and other design forces of scientific and initial installations, as well as enterprises that are not included in the machine tool ob'ednannya. Particular respect is given to the most obvious development and publication of albums of normals and standard parts that will be assembled from the machine tool.

16. Transform the central design bureau of the Machine Tool Industry into a core design apparatus of the Union's manufacturing industry, which operates at the state departmental facilities in the form of a commercial and technical office of the Machine Tool Industry. ednannya. The financial sector of NKTP can see 300 thousand in TsKL Machine Tools. rub. turnover costs extending to the third quarter.

17. The machine tool association was rekindled in the other half of 1933. creation of the plant of up-to-date machines "Stankokonstruktsiya" with the expansion of the beginning of production at a new date in the second quarter of 1934.

18. Allow the Machine Tool Association to stretch 1933 r. to finance with the help of your limits on the capitalization of work from the factories of the republican and local industries, which are taken into production of verstats, in the amount of 350 thousand. crab., and a line of circulating plants for the preparation of new production - in the amount of up to 500 thousand. rub.

19. Golovbudprom under the responsibility of comrade. Ginzburg was taken under special caution at the Moscow Stankolit plant, the Kharkiv drilling machines plant and the Moscow Stankokonstruktsia plant, and called upon the Budivelnik trust to start work at the Stankol plant. it" and "Machine-Construction" in Moscow and ensure us in advance of this delivery of supplies and labor. See for the Kharkiv plant of drilling machines in the third quarter of 2 thousand. cube m forest.

20. Golovmashprom will attract the entire workshop of the Dvigun Revolyutsii plant near Gorky with the production of great workshops for a designated nomenclature, cooperating in some high schools with other machine-building plants. The planned sector in the third quarter of the central district. secure this plant in minimal ways, the necessary growth of the larynx of versatility.

21. “Stalzbutu” under the reliability of comrade. Babaeva reported to her local offices about the production of chavun and rolling metal of strictly conditioned yak from factories that are engaged in manufacturing.

22. GUUZU NKTP and Machine Tools to live the most important steps to create normal minds initial work Stankina. GUUZ no later than 1 linden c.r. mean for Verstat on the new location and increase the transfer to 15 lipnya c.r.

Verstatoob'ednaya will release Stankina from his own funds for a capital investment of 300 thousand. rub. for the organization of laboratories, expansion of the mechanical workshop and creation of a design office. Worksheet supply, Orgametal and all factories that are engaged in worksheet production, periodically supply the Machine with materials for the construction of worksheets and the technology of their fabrication for the initial purposes of the Machine. Concentrate under Stankin on the preparation of postgraduate students who are qualified to use benches and tools. Renew the bureau under Stankin and provide it with real industrial facilities.

23. Sector of goods. Figatner to carry out through the People's Commissariat of Labor, the All-Russian Center of the Russian Federation and the People's Commissar of Postal Service about the establishment of the minds of payment for the work of the workers of the design bureaus, scientists and laboratory assistants of enterprises from the work bench on a par with the minds, which is the same Yes for ITP industrial enterprises of the 1st category.

24. Verstat ob'ednannya for the year from the Central Committee of machine-budgetary printing 1933 r. Established measures for retraining workers and mid-technical personnel in the most scarce specialties.

25. Worksheets are collected from the monthly lines to develop and submit taxes to the approval of Golovmashprom regulations on the premium fund for the development of new nomenclatures of worksheets and the creation of new designs.

TsGANKH SRSR, f. 7297, on. 1, d. 16, l. 171, 176-178. A certified copy.

TsGANKH SRSR, f. 7622, ​​on. 1, d. 59, l. 8-13. A certified copy.

No. 21 Instruction to the People's Commissariat of Heavy Industry No. 1011 on the development of the production of heavy-duty and axial pipes for the aviation industry from open-hearth chromium-molybdenum steel

Axle pipes to light flights and bent pipes to important ones were made from chromium-nickel steel, including in Sweden, which supplied them to us at a very high price.

For the benefit of the aviation industry, the plant named after. Lenin at the same time from the plant. K. Liebknecht born in 1932 The production of overhead and axial pipes from open-hearth chromium-molybdenum steel has begun.

The development was particularly complex and complex due to the production of all kinds of important aircraft. In connection with the vikorstans until the end of the first year of 1933. The stock of imported fuels was firmly assigned to the Trubostal trust and its plants by the NKTP board. Lenina and im. K. Liebknecht issued postachannya to GUAP pivosey s linden ts.r.

Under the direct supervision of the Trubostal trust (comrade Rogachevsky) and the plant named after. Lenin (comrade Maistrenko), the Bolshevik independence of the factory party organizations and the efforts of the engineering and technical workers of the plant named after. Lenin and the Head of the Industry from the earnings of the workers of the plant im. K. Liebknecht Problems of mastering the production of grain crops and the plant. Lenin, regular updates on their aviation industry have been carried out for two months.

It is also guaranteed that you will receive 120 pieces each.

In addition, the successes achieved in the government have been achieved in imports (in absolute amounts for 1933 and 1934 rubles per 1 million rubles) and the increase in the defense of our region, nakedly and therefore I punish the advance of the offensive. vnikiv:

1) carved by the Trubostal trust comrade. Rogachevsky

2) director of the plant im. Lenina comrade Maystrenko

3) plant engineer im. Lenina comrade Kozhevnikova

4) plant engineer im. Lenina comrade Kolpovsky

5) plant engineer im. Lenina comrade Kuritsky

6) plant engineer im. Lenina comrade Trubchenka

7) plant engineer im. K. Liebknecht comrade. Kireeva

8) head of the ferrous metals group of GUAP comrade. Ivakhnenka

9) inspector of the Military Inspectorate of the region. NK RKI comrade Vasivelitsky

10) Inspector of the Pivdenny District Technical Administrative District Comrade. Shpinova

It is also preferable for practitioners to take part in the production of beer at factories and State Administrative Unitary Enterprise.

S. Ordzhonikidze

TsGANKH SRSR, f. 7297, on. 1, d. 23, l. 34-35. Rotat. ex.

No. 22 Instruction to the People's Commissariat of Heavy Industry No. 1022 on the development of plastic production of parts for ignition devices for the aviation and automotive industries

The "Karbolit" plant, incorporated by "Soyuzkhimplastmas" during the early months of the last century, mastered the production of all parts of ignition devices and magnetos, not only clearly, but also very quickly, having pioneered the great work in the production of new products number of viruses for the aviation and automotive industries , which were previously imported through the border, which made it possible to obtain spare parts for ignition devices during import and eliminate the leakage, thus limiting the work of the aviation and automotive industries.

Particularly noteworthy is the production of fermentation terminals, which were until recently imported from behind the border, and parts of cul-tips, as a result of the intense efforts of the workers of the Union "Soyuzkhimplastmas" and the plant "Carbol" This is how, within a short period of time, we mastered the production and production of industry.

In particular, it is available to the Karbolit plant, and to the workers of the Karbolit plant, and to the Soyuzkhimplastmas association, and especially to:

Comrade Akita R.P. - Keruyuchy association "Soyuzkhimplastmas"

Comrade Artabatsky P.N. - protector of the keruyuchy

Comrade Levin G.Ya. - Director of the Karbolit plant

Comrade Petrov A.K. - technical director and I order to reward the Karbolit plant with one passenger car and one van, and also to see the order of the relevant association "Soyuzkhimplastmas" comrade. Akita special fund of 25 thousand. rub. for the award of ITP and the workers of the plant and workers of the organization, which they showed themselves in this work.

People's Commissar for Important Industry S. Ordzhonikidze

TsGANKH SRSR, f. 7297, on. 1, no. 23, arc. 64. Certified copy.

No. 23 Resolution of the Central Military Commission and RNK of the SRSR “About organizational approaches in the galusi of the Radyansky and Gospodarsky Budivnitstva”

By ensuring the specific kerivnitsa of all the galuzes of the Radyansky and Gospodarsky robots of one hundred hundred new folding plants of the reconstruction period, the value of the close, living connection of kerivniks with the lower levels of the Gospodarsky and administrative apparatus and from the use of clerical and bureaucratic methods of careful management, strengthening of unity of command and special responsibility and elimination of waste The multiplicity of ceremonies as a legacy of the functional apparatus of the Central Vikonavich Committee and the Rada of People's Commissars praise the Union of the Russian Socialist Republic:

1. Eliminate the functional system of the incentive apparatus from all civil and government bodies and re-introduce them, starting from the lower regional branches to the people's commissariats, inclusive, on a regional-territorial basis, organized in the people's commissariats of the main regional or regional departments, which bear responsibility they are unable to feed the kerivnitsa with the organizations and installations under their orders, and have enclosed in their rights the functional organs that will be deprived by blocking them from feeding the lower lanks into the work through the head of the main controls.

2. Strengthen the rights and obligations of local regional, regional and republican bodies in Galusa to develop the local industry and rural government, centralizing in the head departments of the people's commissariats the kerivnitsa from the industry. by means of active union significance and transferring from the government musculoskeletal organs part of the enterprises subordinated to allied and republican bodies.

3. Liquidate the government apparatus, reduce the number of trusts and expand the central connections of the central government bodies, starting with the people's commissariats, with the greatest subordination. m enterprises.

4. The provisions on the ceremonies of all the radyansky and gospodarsky bodies of obligatory duties are especially concerned with the constant verification of the viconics by their subordinate bodies, the decision and order of the higher bodies from the defense of the transfer to the right of the verification of the viconics I am on other auxiliary organs and liquidate the radyan-state apparatus in all lanks.

5. Positions on the ceramics of all the rulers and gospodar bodies of obligatory special kerivnitsa with the selection and division of the gospodars and engineering and technical workers with transfers at this significant part of engineering and technology New personnel from the office for the selection of all branches of the people's dominion and state government.

6. The need to force the ceremonies of all the radyansky and gospodar bodies to speed up the issuance of various types of punishments and orders and enforce daily kerivnitsa, instruction, training and practical assistance to the ceremonies of the lower radyansko-gospo bodies Darsky apparatus.

7. The need to force the workers of the gospodar's organs and enterprises to master the basics of technology of their own, for which to develop a technical minimum according to the skin industry of the rural dominion and other galuzes of the people's dominion , which contributes to the obligatory treatment of the meanings minimal term all by caring workers.

8. Liquidate the colleges in all the galuzes of the radyan-government robots, behind the culprit of the elective radyansky bodies (Radi, vykonavchy committees), with excesses on the part of the people's commissariat of the people's commissar and no more than two intercessors iv.

9. Create at the people's commissariats for the sake of the people's commissariats from 40 to 70 individuals who meet once every two months, in every case they have at least half of the representatives of local organizations and other enterprises

10. Establish that among the heads of the people's commissars of the republics, regional and regional parliamentary committees there can be three more than two intercessors.

11. Strengthen mass control over the work of government bodies and ensure that the masses have the right to fight against bureaucratic expressions and shortcomings of the state apparatus. Expand the range of sections of the Rad and parliamentary groups in enterprises, villages, and in great cities, organize sub-district and village groups of Rad deputies, especially involving women activists, workers and college workers.

12. Pass for professional people control rights in enterprises and servicing by control bodies in labor supply departments, closed worker cooperatives, district cooperative societies and small cooperative partnerships, as well as increased patronage of enterprises over state institutions and socialist societies The existence of work in production and work in government institutions.

"The decision of the party and the order of the ruler's food", vol. 2. M., 1967, page 468-470.

No. 24 From the order of the People's Commissariat of Heavy Industry No. 1006 about the development of electric and gas welding and cutting

In the process of widespread welding in the people's dominion, industry and scientific and research institutes allowed low theoretical and practical tasks (selection of the type of stream, the method of mechanical testing of welded joints, gas cutting of low-carbon steels and In.), which allows us to raise welding to an even greater technical level height At the same time, the low number of problems in welding technology will require further scientific research (corrosion and old welded joints, design of welded joints, flexible to dynamic and re-engineering, inflowing which i high temperatures on the physical and mechanical power of all welded joints).

III. Mastering new technology.

1. In order to stimulate the scientific relevance and quality of scientific-research work, we will immediately establish two bonuses for beautiful robots From welding, from scientific research institutes, and two prizes for robots, from factory laboratories. For the bonus, see the fund in the amount of 10 thousand. rub. From the interests of NIS Techprop.

2. To stimulate the throat of social media most yakness The welding workers will voice the sharp importance of the welding and smelting workshops of the welding industry at the allied part of the welding and smelting workshop.

TsGANKH SRSR, f. 7297, on. 1. d. 47. l. 27, 29. Original.

No. 25 From the order of the People's Commissariat of Industry No. 1122 on the development of the Penza plant im. Frunze serial production of P-12 assault rifles

Plant im. Frunze with a drawl of the first birthday of 1934. The last few copies were released and serial production of P-12 assault rifles was established, which were already being imported from overseas.

Indicating the reach of the plant:

1. To the Head of INO comrade. I punish Sushkova for importing automatic machines with an index.

2. The warehouse and the plant team should vote for the success of the plant with automatic production.

People's Commissar of Important Industry

S. Ordzhonikidze

PGANKH SRSR, f. 7297, on. 1, no. 51, arc. 90. Certified copy.

No. 26 From the order of the People's Commissariat of Heavy Industry No. 1564 about the pre-modern era of the river program by the Stalingrad oxide steel plant "Chervoniy Zhovten"

The Stalingrad Aluminum Steel Plant "Chervony Zhovten" to the "Special Steel" Trust has been granted permission to produce Magnitogyrtz to all metallurgists of the 9th century, having shown the spirit of the Bolshovitz Oblast with technology, mastered ny units and correct organization of work, one of the first metallurgical enterprises in Vikon full cycle virobnitstva.

The plant produced for 21 leaves - 293,160 tons of rolled steel and 1 pound - 400,733 tons of steel against 243,328 tons of rolled steel and 356,032 tons of steel produced by the plant during the period of 1933.

The plant's operating unit, the blooming unit, gave the plant a nominal productivity of 63.4 tons per year, with downtime of 3.7% versus 49.9 tons in 1933. with 18.5% downtime.

The decline in property value over 10 months was 3% compared to 1933. productivity increased by 12.7%.

“Chervoniy Zhovten” achieved a smooth progress in production, having achieved 106.1% of sales to Steelzbut, including 101.3% for GUTAP, ensuring the uninterrupted operation of automobile and tractor factories.

People's Commissar of Heavy Industry.

S. Ordzhonikidze

TsGANKH SRSR, f. 7297, on. 1, no. 64,. l. 148. A certified copy.

No. 27 Order of the People's Commissariat of Heavy Industry No. 1584 about the urgent problem of introducing titanium into aluminum alloys and mastering the production of a new alloy

The All-Union Scientific Research Institute of Aviation Materials (VIAM) was the first in the Union to pose and successfully solve the problem of introducing titanium into aluminum alloys and thereby to significantly reduce the color of these alloys and improve their technologies ii.

We are entirely from the plant. Voroshilov Glavtsvetmetoprocessing mastered the rolling and pre-drying of aircraft-fabricated products of high-grade aluminum alloys with titanium, which significantly reduces the moisture content of the air and speeds up the recovery of aluminum. In addition, with the introduction of new alloys, the production of especially thin pipes has been improved, which can be imported from abroad.

Significantly the reach of VIA and the plant im. Voroshilov has the highest nutrition of titanium alloys and mastered production as new victories in the aviation industry, I punish reward initiators of ceramics and Vikonavians:

For VIAM:

1. To the head of the institute, comrade. Lesyatnikova V.M. voice your vote and give your preference personally a passenger car, to the protector from the scientific and technical department, Professor Sidorin I.I. and to the head of the metals department, Professor G.V. Akimov. For the idea and organizational care of the above-mentioned work, please vote accordingly.

2. Head of the Light Alloys Laboratory, Senior Engineer Comrade. Stroevu S.S. As the author, organizer and representative of the work made from titanium alloys, we would like to vote for the current and successful development of the problem and therefore give preference to a personal passenger car.

3. Senior engineer of the laboratory of light alloys comrade. Glazunov Ts.r. For the innovative work on the development of methods for introducing titanium into aluminum alloys and the establishment of innovative methods for the production of aluminum-titanium alloys, a bonus in the amount of 1 thousand. rub.

4. For the benefit of certain workers of the institute and related institutions, who took an active part in the work, see the order of the head of the institute for a bonus fund in the amount of 25 thousand. rub.

According to the plant im. Voroshilova:

1. Plant director comrade Yakovlev P.V. for the organizational part in the name of the robot will be voted and awarded with a personal passenger car.

2. To the technical director of the plant, engineer comrade. Shirokov P.F. for his collaboration with BIAM robots with new alloys, for the technical care of research-and-search robots and including the clear organization of them to vote for and prefer a personal passenger car.

3. Chief metallurgist engineer comrade. Kovarsky M. I. For the whole, including energy and precise development of work programs and initiative development of the following stages, a bonus in the amount of 1 thousand. rub.

4. For premiums for other workers, IT and plant employees who took an active part in the work, see the order of the plant director for a bonus fund in the amount of 25 thousand. rub.

People's Commissar of Important Industry

S. Ordzhonikidze

TsGANKH SRSR, f. 7297, on. J, d. 65, l. 33-34. Rotat. ex.

No. 28 From the All-Union Trust of Acid and High Acid Steels and Feroalloys to the People's Commissariat of Heavy Industry of the USSR for 1934.

Trust "Spetsstal" in 1934. We have implemented a program for the entire metallurgical cycle (chavun, steel, rolled metal, cold-drawn calibrated metal, aircraft packaging) with interruptions in costs due to the non-introduction of new equipment.

The results of river work are as follows [Table. 1].

[TABLE 1]

[Types of products]	Vikonannya plan		Growth in 1933, %
	ti st
According to chavun	626,4	104,7	357,8
For ferroalloys	66,8	96,8	321,5
By steel	1035,8	103,8	119,6
Including:
Martenivsky	851,4	105,8	111,8
electrical	184,4	94,8	176,6
Let's get ready for rental	743,7	108,3	122,7
Including, according to the clear	544,5	106,7	126,9
Calibration metal	41,5	111,4	128,6
Airpacking	7,05	108,4	150,0
Gross production in prices 1926/27 rubles, million rubles. (for metallurgy)	504,6	107,6	149,2

The warehouse of products produced by the Spetsstal factories has steadily continued to grow in a supply of more qualified types of steel [Table. 2].

[TABLE 2]

	1932 r.	1933 r.	1934 r.
Pitoma vaga:
electric steel at the front outlet		12,5	17,8
yakіsnogo rental at the official release	65,0	70,6	73,2
alloy rolled in yak rolled	40,5	49,5	50,6
Refinement of calibrated metal to acid rolled metal

The absolute output of high-acidity steel grades and ferroalloys has increased to current levels [Table. 3].

[TABLE 3]

[Grades of steel and ferroalloys]	1931 r.	1932 r.	1933 r.	1934 r.
Sharikopіdshipnikova			17,0	45,4
Shvidkorizalna
Stainless steel oven
Transformer				12,3
		14,0		11,6
Calibration metal		14,9	32,2	41,5
75% ferroalloy
Carbless ferrochrome (0 and 00)
Ferrotungsten

At the Spetsstal factories in 1934. Intensive work was carried out on the development of new grades of steel and ferroalloys.

We have mastered the production of forgings for two new types of engines of Radyansky aircraft (Elektrostal plant), the production of cold-drawn ball bearing steel, the import of which is connected with it, the production of auto sheets of deep-drawn nichrome new dart and chemically larger than the clean liz "Armco" ("Sickle and hammer ""), the production of calibrated sheets and folding profiles of auto-tractor steel ("Chervoniy Zhovten"), the production of ferrochrome grade 00, which is used for the production of stainless steels and has not yet been mastered (Chelyabinsk ferroalloy plant), and development of a new type of transformer sheets at a cost (Top -Isetsky plant), production of silicon chromium in mass quantities (Zlatoust plant) etc.

The work of the Spetsstal trust over the satisfaction of the main alloying acid steels - automobile, tractor, aircraft, ball bearings, and tool industries - has not resulted in the conquest of steel industry. om by trust.

With an absolute increase in demand for acid steels, their imports amount to 1929/30 rubles. 21.5% in 1933 - 9.6% of natural consumption, falling in 1934 to 2.8%.

The production of high-acid steels has its own origin, which previously relied on the import of ferroalloys, in 1934. It is largely based on high-grade ferroalloys, which have been produced since 1933. increased more than 3 times. Please note that the production of ferrotungsten and ferromolybdenum is based on ores, as we leave the border, the remaining ancestors of tungsten and molybdenum ores are still little fragmented. Ferovanadium virobication may not be achieved due to the lack of preparation of the syringe base.

A number of the well-satisfied with the long-term production of the workers had great respect for the quality of the product, which was delicately colored: hundreds of other varieties have been updated since 1933. decreased: for rolled sections - from 10.6 to 7, for sheet metal - from 24 to 21; reductions: for long products - from 4 to 3.7, for sheet metal - from 10 to 7.2; 1934 r. Significantly painted and refinished since 1933. vikoristannya of the main ownership at our factories.

	For 1933 r.	For 1934 rub.
Open-hearth furnaces
Fire at nominal hour	4,05	4,54
% hot idle	9,60	8,80
% of all downtime before calendar hour	27,30	24,50
Extract of adverbial clause	85,05	86,60
Rolling mills
Godinnikov virobnitsvo in the nominal year	127,0	224,1
% downtime at nominal hour	21,5	15,5

3) rolling shop at the Chervoniy Zhovten plant. Blooming of this plant recognizes the shortest blooming in the Union;

4) sheet-rolling shops of the Verkh-Isetsky plant;

5) blast furnace shop of the Zolotoustivsky plant.

Born in 1934 At the factories of the trust, serious work was carried out in the field of organization of work, reducing labor force and increasing productivity of work.

U povnyanna since 1933 There is an increase in: gross output - by 49.2%, the number of workers - 15.5%, productivity - by 29.2%, wages per worker - by 11.1%.

Increases in productivity, regardless of the increased labor intensity of the product range, are limited across all workshops.

Thus, the natural expression of one worker’s script is:

	Born in 1933	Born in 1934	% growth
For electroferroalloys	39.0 t	50.8 t	30,0
According to open-hearth steel	230.0 t	253.0 t	10,0
According to electric steel	82.9 t	+12,8

With a rapid increase in the number of workers and young service personnel by 17.5%, the number of workers who are exposed to factory living space has increased since 1933. by 24%.

In the sphere of struggle for reducing the cost of products, 1934 r. є positive results: commercial cooperation at the same level since 1933. commodity output was reduced by 5.07%, and for long-term officials - by 8.92%, replacing the 6.05% reduction transferred beyond the plan. For all products (including unaltered commercial products) the productivity was reduced due to stale factors by 0.76% against the plan

A portion of the salary from the production of goods, which was established in 1933 rubles. 35.4%, was reduced by starry fate to 23.9%.

Technical regulation and recovery Hoplennia standard 84.5

89,0

39,5

40,7

70,7

76,9

42,7

44,7

64,0

64,0

39,0

44,6

The table above shows that since 1934. There may be an increase in the number of people who have lost too much money due to the accumulation of technical norms, and to the Chelyabinsk plant, to which hospleniya vіdryadzhennyam against 1933 r. It didn’t change as a result of the fact that a group of robotic contractors was taken into custody by entering the halls of the organization of work and strengthening the working day.

Regardless of the increase in technical norms, nevertheless, according to a number of norms, the processing of them is significant; So, for example, at the Sickle and Hammer plant, open-hearth furnaces are processed up to 15-20% and at the Verkh-Isetsky plant - up to 10-20% until the end of production.

In rolling shops of low factories, there may be overprocessing of norms up to 10-15% until the end of production; even more hundreds of overprocessing of norms are avoided in additional plots, which is the result of insufficient respect for the establishment of technical norms in these plots.

Born in 1934 At most of the trust's factories, work was carried out to revise production standards; Thus, for the Chervony Zhovten plant, 4878 norms were reviewed with 3014 people being buried in robots, for the Zlatoust plant - 1913 norms, with 3182 people being buried in robots, for the Verkh-Isetsky plant - 1500 norms, etc.

It is necessary to note that the equipment is from technical standards for 1934 rubles. Much more powerful by engineers and technicians, but their warehouses still outweigh practices with little experience in this field; At the same time, it is necessary to state that until this hour the engineering and technical personnel of the company have not yet taken up the important position assigned to them in the work with the organization of wages.

TsGANKH SRSR, f. 4086, on. 37, d. 562, l. 2-4,61-61 pro. Copy.

No. 29 From the photo of the Stalingrad Tractor Plant for 1934.

Organization of Perebudova

The power supply organization of production and management were sufficiently allowed before the plant was launched and during the first two stages of work. Born in 1933 This led to a significant rupture between the technical and manufacturing base, the plant’s departments and the related organization. After the decision of the XVII Party Congress, the plant near Bereznya was built in 1934. For the help of “Orgametal”, we began the development and implementation of approaches to the organization of production and its management.

The program and principles of organizing the following plots are brought up to date:

1. According to the repair kingdom.—Decentralization of equipment in the responsibility for the plant and continuous repair of equipment, centralization of major repairs and production of spare parts through a single repair shop and planned advanced repairs, which are based on a stock of spare parts and distribution ku repair cycles for the method of smart repairs one.

2. According to instrumental domination. - Centralization of tools - supply based on the norm of wastage and stock of tools through the CIS (principle of work to the warehouse) with Primus preparation and registration in the tool shop.

3. External transport. Centralization of planning, regulation health transport, motor transport, maintenance and repair work, decentralization of operational care for modes of transport and responsibility for operation and repair.

4. Inter-shop transport. - Centralization and unity of repairs with operation, planning for vandal flows and routing.

5. Preparation of production a.—Decentralization of technological preparation for existing facilities, improvement and development of new ones, centralization of planned preparation, design for new facilities, as well as power supply for changing technologies great minds and normalization. Decentralization of work from technical regulation and promotion of standards and centralization of follow-up, control functions and development of standards.

6. Virobnitstva planning. - Unity of economical and industrial planning; organic linkage of plans and orders with organizational and technical preparation of production; issuing to workshops and divisions (departments) uniform production-economic orders with detailed cost calculation based on standards and production breakdowns; control of vykonannya qih zadan at the size of the cost calculation in order accounting aspect. Operationally regulating the progress of production and on-line technological preparation of production using dispatch methods and ways of linking them with the remaining functions from a single planned section to the production control room.

7. Organization of the management apparatus of the plant management and workshops. - Elimination of functionality, rich availability of frequency and employment of bodies according to the territorial-viral principle on the basis of unity of command, on the basis of Resolution XVII I'm here with the directives of the NKTP.

The technical projects are based on installations for the maximum possible mechanization of grinding operations for the least investment of capital; linking the material and technical base (containers, warehouses, racks, warehouses) with the benefits of planning and design; bringing up the transport and warehouse state and recycling facilities to the level and setting the technical level of the main production and thus providing a basis for the fight for the cultural style of work, for purity.

The name of the development process was completed importantly in the spring of 1934, and from that hour the practical life of their life was revealed. At the current stage, their implementation is as follows:

1) the importance and division of functions in the management apparatus of the plant and workshops and its organization - all the main provisions that arise from development, implementation;

2) the adopted robot system is mainly introduced from the instrumental state, the repair shop, planning and operational structure in the main workshops, from the post-master state, from the planning of production preparation, from the organization of inter-shop transport, partly from the repair state in main workshops and transport government;

3) development of technical projects is often carried out to the steel base, head shop, and machine assembly shop.

Work productivity

According to the growing production per one registered worker, the plant has achieved even significant successes. Viroblennya for 1934 rub. 23.4% higher for the actual figure for 1933 rubles. і 2.92% higher than planned for 1934 rubles. The average daily wage for the World River has grown even more (from 61.08 rubles in 1933 to 76.50 rubles in 1934, or by 25.2%) - The increase in the wage per worker has become the legacy of a whole series of changes in, carried out by the plant in 1934, the most important of which were the following:

1) The introduction of preparatory changes to the creation of normal minds in the work of the main changes (forging shop, mechanical assembly shop).

2) Installation of work for low-level professions at the beginning for the preparation of mechanical units before the start of the main changes (flameers and heaters for the forge shop, cupolas, etc.).

3) Introduction of a control system for the regulation of pollution.

4) Improvement of internal shop transport - lubrication of additional viscos for folding forms for parts No. 127 and 163 and tightening of the lancet for filling two forms at the same time, which made it possible to speed up the whole change in the great flow of 67 people .

5) Improvement of the technological process.

6) The cooperation of machines in the mechanical assembly shop allowed the employment of 96 workers in the 1st, 2nd and 3rd departments.

7) The review of new and technically grounded standards speeded up the hour of production work with one smart set of tractors: in the mechanical assembly shop - by 3.5%, in the forge shop - by 30.3%, in the liqueur shop - by 16.5%. Let's reach out to fate on the basis of what was carried out in 1933. entries exceeded the standards: for the mechanical collection shop - 3574 out of 8914, or 40.09%, for the liqueur shop - 670 out of 890, or 64.04%, for the forging shop - 740 out of 13 67.7%, and for other auxiliary shops - 20 223 z 80,428, or 25.1%. The revision of norms is important for other robots, while the revision of technical standards is important for manufacturing robots. Implementation of technical standards on manufacturing robots: for the mechanical collection shop - 125 out of 3574 of all revised standards, for the liqueur shop - 241 out of 670, forging - 271 out of 740, for the tool and mechanical repair shop - 11,880 out of 17,507.

8) Extension of the working day based on the substitution of actual expenses with a photograph of the working day and the development of expenditure standards (additional hour, preparation and final time, etc.). A total of 1,220 photographs were taken of different groups of robot workers, including 728 for mechanical collection, 190 for liqueur, 31 for Kovalsky and 93 for instrumental labor. : according to mechanized collection [in] 1st quarter - 5.52 year, II quarter - 5.77 year, IV quarter - 6.02 year.

9) In addition to overinsurance of organizational and technical approaches, efforts were made to increase productivity great influx offensive factors: a) meaning from 1933 r. shortening the length of production, securing personnel at the factory, increasing the stock of robot workers due to their accumulation of practical knowledge in work; b) increased recruitment of workers to technology, advancement of technology and development of social science from technology.

TsGANKH SRSR, f. 7622, ​​on. 1, no. 728, pp. 5-6, 52-53. Sklogr. ex.

No. 30 Instruction to the People's Commissariat of Heavy Industry No. 59 about the reorganization of the river program by the Elektrozavod with the release of the magneto

Born in 1934 The electric plant gave a magneto output of 200 thousand. PC. against the order of control numbers 173 thousand. PC.

Issue 200 thousand. approx. The magneto is completely covered by the country's needs and imports. We are fighting for 200 thousand. Magneto Electrozavod has reduced its program by 106.6%, revising planned targets to reduce productivity and reduce productivity.

Significantly, the successes of the technical, government, party servicing and all the enormity that resonate with all the workers, ITP and the servicing of the plant, I order you to prefer:

1) Electric plant - ten vans, one bus and 100 thousand. rub.;

2) director of the electrical plant comrade. Petrovsky and technical director engineer Vilner, director of ATE comrade. Ryabova and technical director of ATE comrade. Zinshtadt, head of the automatic-mechanical workshop comrade. Serebrovsky, head of the magneto storage shop, comrade. Pavlinova – personal passenger cars.

People's Commissar of Important Industry

S. Ordzhonikidze

TsGANKH SRSR, f. 7297.on. 1, no. 67, arc. 100. Rotat. ex.

No. 31 From the order of the People's Commissariat of Heavy Industry No. 63 on the success of the production of synthetic rubber plants by the production program, 1934.

S. Ordzhonikidze

TsGANKH SRSR, f. 7297, on. 1, d. 67, l. 110-111. A certified copy.

No. 32 From the order of the People's Commissariat of Heavy Industry No. 64 about pouches and aircraft industry for 1934.

Aviation industry for 1934. created a new edge in advance of the right movement of the aircraft and motors. This was achieved by ensuring the implementation of the decision of the 17th meeting of the party and special statements of comrade. Stalin. Moreover, the task that faces the aviation industry is even more complex and requires maximum mobilization of the entire team of aviation industry practitioners and the victory of the task set before them in 1935.

It is necessary to direct all efforts towards safe watering, especially while protecting the surface of the aircraft and motors. The pilot of the Radyansky pilot is obliged to feel that he is completely helpless and to be grateful to the one who will not let him down.

In the fight for increased liquidity, a very systematic operation of the latest and serial plants is necessary for the creation of an increasingly aerodynamic culture.

Engine factories and institutions are required to report to everyone so that the new engines, which are being introduced into serial production, would ensure the continued growth of aircraft data and the safety of water flows. There is no room for complacency here. Everyday industry does not require such constant technical perfection and constant progress as the aviation industry.

People's Commissar of Important Industry

S. Ordzhonikidze

TsGANKH SRSR, f. 7297, on. 1, no. 67, arc. 117. Certified copy.

The information about the assignment to the trust for 1935 has been omitted. and historical data about the work of nearby factories for 1934.

Information about the results of the testing program and the work of the main workshops and laboratories of the plant has been omitted.