Alphabet 32. Russian alphabet. Who laid the foundation for the Russian alphabet

It’s amazing that not all people who speak Russian can immediately say how many letters there are in the Russian alphabet. There are a lot of chants that there are 32, melodiously, associating this number with the number of teeth in the mouth of an empty person. The people in the world are confused with other alphabets (English, for example) and spellings, which have 26 letters in the Russian language. But there are those who think that they are richer – 36.

It’s actually quite easy to remember this number: in the Russian alphabet the letter is 33. It’s worth noting that the alphabet, as we know it, was revived recently, from 1918. Before speech, until 1942, the letters “e” and “e” were not taken for other signs, and they were only variants of one letter. Until then, there were one fewer letters, that is, 32.

There have been a lot of reforms in Russia in the past. For Peter the Great, for example, the badges were taken and then re-appeared more than once. They didn’t use a lot of signs, there was simply no need for that. Take, for example, the sign “I”, which Petro Pershiy respected for the need to ask for it. Years later, this sign was eventually turned into the alphabet and was used for another 200 years.

S. Drugovyko-Dovzhanska

It seems that any first-grader can give a competent answer to this question: obviously, in the alphabetical list “A to Z” there is an equal number of 33 letters. However, for the student it is an undeniable, “alphabetical” truth, an axiom, for those who can guess certain facts from the history of our language and try to understand the various trends in its development, becomes less than a theory , which is always confirmed by the practice of living experience.

It is clear that in our first alphabet, created by Cyril and Methodius, there was a richer number of writers - including the manuscripts of the 11th century. The Cyrillic alphabet included 43 characters. Bo, taking the Greek alphabet as a basis, the brother-performers specially conveyed in graphic ways the specific sounds of the Slovenian language and supplemented it with new letters: for example, Ж, Ш, ъ, ь, “yus great” and “yus small”. However, in this case, the symbols of the Slovenian alphabet appeared doublet: for example, the transfer of Cyril and Methodius from the Greek alphabet to the letter O and conveyed the different sounds of the Greek language, [O] short and [O] Dovge, although In Slovenian languages, the sounds are not got into trouble. So already at the first stage of the foundation of our abbe, excess letters appeared in it. 1

To assign this very sound “I” in the Cyrillic-Methodian alphabet there were as many as three graphemes. This is due to the fact that in the Russian alphabet the stench has small different digital meanings: (“І візімкове”, or “іж”) signified the number 8; (“I decimal”) - the number 10; (“Izhitsa”) - the number 400. In addition, Izhitsa meant a special variant of the sound “I”, close to the German “Ü”. Step by step, after the Slovaks began to actively vikorize the Arabic and Latin numerals, all the letters began to be perceived as superfluous: the most often vikorized letters were “and octal”, they began to stand up to the head rank in front of the voices and in front of Y (also vikorist). Iteri was legalized in 1758 . Academy of Sciences), izhitsya - especially in the few Greek words (mro, z nod). The remainder was excluded from our alphabet as early as 1917. However, the letter had another role: it served as a sensory-perceptive grapheme in the words “world” (“year, daytime witchcraft”) and “world” (“all-world”). For example, the title of the novel by L.M. Tolstoy’s “War and Peace”, the author has an antonymous pair of words. Even after Tolstoy’s death, in 1913, when the novel was finally re-released, a reprieve was allowed: on the first page of the first volume, “light” was added to the title of the work. And although in all other volumes of this published title it was created correctly, in accordance with the author’s will, the friend’s mercy served as a jelly for the great wide-ranging mercy, never Tolstoy, having guessed from the novel the world as the whole world, and not light as the duration of the war. 2 And the axis I will call it V.V. Mayakovsky's "War and Peace", which was conceived by the singer as a spelling antithesis of the title of Tolstoy's novel, becoming an incident of turning point - after the letters are excluded from the alphabet, the meaning of the title must be clarified in the comments...

The fight against “provocative” writers was carried out throughout the entire history of Russian orthography: some of them were included in the alphabet as a result of the reforms of Peter I (1708-1710) and the Russian Academy of Sciences ( 1735) (then the symbols “zelo” and “yusi” appeared from the letters "), the other part - during the spelling reform of 1917-1918, if our abethka spent such letters as .

However, the historical changes in the “elemental truth” were not separated by more than a handful of symbols that became unnecessary. Thus, by the reform of the Russian Academy of Sciences (1735) new letters were added to the alphabet - E and Y (although unofficially “and in short” 3 began to come into use in the 16th-17th centuries). Moreover, the appearance of the first one was even more unwelcoming. Writer O.P. Sumarokov called this writer a “virod,” and M.V. Lomonosov in “Russian Grammar”, not respecting the need to include E in the alphabet, concluded his decision in this way: “Again, or, it’s fair to say, the old E, differently turned, is not lost in Russian language bno, bo 1) letter e<...>You can serve both as a servant and as a servant; 2) for foreign dogs, the new letters are no longer visible on the right<...>; 3) if for foreign dogs we get new letters, then our alphabet will be from Chinese.” And to be honest, the letter E is important to live in the positioned words (from Russian ones in borrowers and viguks: tsey, such a sobi, ehma, evon, ege-ge...). However, it itself helps us to correctly read such, for example, powerful names as Euripides, Euclid, Hermitage, In some cob [e] does not pass [j], but Egypt, Europe - s [e] yotovanym, even as before the appearance of E in our alphabet, such disparity was impossible.

The need to introduce the letter Y into the Slovenian alphabet, however, has also been repeatedly felt by philologists. So, even at the end of the 17th century, the Slovenian scholar Yuriy Krizhanich expressed respect for the situation that writers never get used to the same positions: b is possible only after the vocal ones, and Y only after the vocal ones. And to that, having proponed vikorystuvat, deprived b and write edge, drink, drink etc. Three centuries later, Roman Yakobson, having learned from Krizhanich, wrote in the article “Extraordinary letters in the Russian list” (1962) 4, meaning that when replacing I with b, the letter E became unnecessary, since the letter was written permissible I wish I could read it i soft sound [l] ta yotovane [o]…

The letter E, which became the youngest of the symbols of the Russian alphabet, was officially confirmed on November 18, 1783 by the decisions of the Russian Academy of Sciences along with Princess Katerina Dashkova. To what extent for the purpose of the percussion [O] after soft voices in 1735 r. letters of introductions digraph, і wrote, for example, everything, mucus.

1 For example, according to D. Yazikov’s article “Respect for the actions of Russian letters”, where the author, who contributes to the history of the creation of the Slovenian alphabet, respects: “Revealing the fairness of our father’s letters<...>, You may know, however, that from the Greek alphabet the wine was transferred to ours and so [letters. - S.D-D.], which are there on their own, or those that were folded with others had little differences, but with us they removed the same /, /, and also those that could have folded /, /. This made our Slovenian spelling miraculously twisted” (Kvitnik. 1809. Part 2. No. 4. P. 55-81) (Report about this miracle in our article “Before the history of the Russian alphabet”).

2 “It’s our time to look at everything and this whole version has become fashionable. No, no, the same opinion among the periodical press is due to the harm of the “blind” understanding of Tolstoy’s novel.<…>In the article dedicated to the new production in Marientsa of Prokofiev’s opera “War and Peace”, the author, among others, respects: “... we know that the light in the title of the novel is based entirely on the antonym of war, and with benefit and, more broadly, the All-World" ( "Literaturna Gazeta", 2000, No. 12). That’s what it says: “guess it”!” (N.A. Eskova. Popular philology. M.: Flinta: Nauka, 2004).

3 And more precisely, apparently, “and with a short”, the fragments of a letter with a letter and a superordinate sign called “short”.

4 Selected writing, 1962, I.

From the official confirmation of the letter E to its circulation by the Drukar versat, twelve years have passed - the first book from this wiki, “I my friends” I.I. Dmitrieva, was over-armed in 1795. And the axis L.M. Tolstoy was less fortunate: through unnecessary efforts to prepare the literature, the author did not manage to preserve the correct spelling of the hero’s nickname in the novel “Anna Karenina.” Tolstoy named him Levin, having chosen his own name for it, and his friend got a completely different nickname - Levin. And now the writer is becoming an adopted orphan in the Russian alphabet family.

Subject to the “Rules of Russian spelling and punctuation”, and it is necessary to get used to the following situations:
1. If it is necessary to prevent incorrect reading and understanding of words, for example: recognized for recognition in recognition, everything is recognized for recognition; a bucket for changing the bucket; skoieny (participle) to the subdivision of skoeniya (participle) then.
2. If you need to tell Vimov a little-known word, for example: Olekma river.
3. In special texts: primers, school handbooks of Russian language, orthopedic handbooks, etc., as well as in dictionaries for inserting the words in voice and correct language."

However, these rules are often ignored by videographers. And try to guess what the creators of such headlines and names are proud of: “Everything for the home”, “Everything for the dacha”, “ We have everything for you», « The Kremlin has everything due to 100 reasons», « Drive the fighting bulls to the heifers", milk "Theme"... And the axis is one more connection with the letter E curios - you can say, curios in the square. In the final rows of Annie Kuznetsova’s review of the novel “Shiro Your Shurik” by Lyudmila Ulitskaya, overhand for the magazine “Neva” (2004, No. 10), it is written literally like this: “ Nespodivanka, who miraculously penetrated into this ideal theft from the artistic infection of the text, - thiscleardialect None of this is on these pages in any way, unconsciously, like one-dimensional drukarskie jokes: no matter how many times the riddle of the Cuban has appeared in the text, he will be characterized as “dark” " “Slyozami” is spelled here as “slyozami”. There are also more common expressions such as “all other problems”, “it’s easy to leave the table”, I accept warmth”..." And the reader of the review is not only unlikely to understand the criticism, but he himself will lose himself in the criticism: and what’s so surprising about the fact that “tears” are written as “tears”, so that criticism could have been “vishukany” dark-skinned Cuban" or " welcoming warmth"?.. I have not yet opened the book itself by L. Ulitskaya (M.: Eksmo Publishing House, 2004) and revealed that in this publication (in the name of the Neva magazine) the letter E is consistently imprinted and behind the principle of “outpost of the fool” To pray to God - through the forehead, through the hands, there are words such as “tears”, “dark-skinned”, “easy”, “warmth”... Only you are deprived of what, having quickly read a quote from Lyudmila Petrushevskaya’s book, you will hum “ Yo my"! 6

The incredible number of letters that occupy “this insanely sanctified position” in the middle of the “blessed number of star-letters of our abethka” was allowed to the authors of the book “Two centuries of Russian literature E. History and dictionary” (M., 2 000) B.V. Pchelova and V.T. Chumakova called it “one of the symbols of the Russian mentality.”

It is no wonder that such a significant event was the celebration of the 220th anniversary of the letter E, organized by the St. Petersburg Museum of the History of the Place. And in Ulyanovsk, in the Batkivshchyna, the famous writer and historian N.M. Karamzin, who for a long time was respected by the winemaker of this literary sign (though in fact he was also a vikorist of E during the creation of the “Aonidi” collection in 1796), having recently erected a monument to this letter 7... And the series keeps multiplying and “efficators” - zealots of consistent living Bo, as one of them, Igor Sid, declares, “the letter e, tsey, according to the words of Eseist Volodymyr Berezin, “the unified umlaut of the Russian language,” furthermore is known from our life. Nowadays, she distinguishes everything that is alive (those filthy, cheerful, cool, tyamuch, banter, short-lived, easy, important, chewy, green, hard, reliable, slimy, scabr smokey speck, serious speck, scrupulous knowledge, etc.), so “in the movie.”

In this situation and today the creator of an artistic work has to try on the role of the “father of letters”, like St. Cyril, creating, “constructing” new graphemes, creating specific sounds, the need for such preparations but by the text itself. Thus, in A. Blok’s poem “It will be an autumn evening...” there is a grapheme for the word “gray” ( On the chair, white fire, the guest was tired, / And the dog bіlya nіg yogo laid down on the kilim. / The guest said something: “Isn’t it enough for you yet?”/ Before Genius Doli, it’s time to come to terms, sir."), which sounded like a “Turgenian sound” to the poet,<…>with French style, old noble style.” 8 “Turgenevsky” this sound of names sings to the fact that the grapheme ö is used in the novel by I.S. Turgenev “Spring Waters” to convey the peculiarities of the language of one of the characters (“ The comrade again nodded, saying: “Dongof, be quiet!""). About those with no letter sign ö has already expanded the framework of the occasional artistic symbol and become an equal member of the current Russian alphabet, witness its presence, for example, on the posters of a music festival " Olimpuzik”(Transcription of the English-language “Earlymusik”), which was first held in the 2002 year. The creators of this term for such writings wanted to emphasize the novelty of the musical phenomenon itself (“the concept of “old music” smells like mothballs, and the organizers of the festival focus on young people” 9), and the power of the Russian approach to it.

Well, as a legacy of the reforms of 1917-1918. 33 letters were deregistered from our warehouse, and until recently old graphemes could be found on numerous monuments of the pre-Dawn period that were destroyed by the ruins.

5 So (“not”) in the text of the review, although it is consistent with the spelling norm, it would not be enough to add the complementary part “not”. Well, let’s take this as “nothing understood, no understanding, like a mercy that happened”...

6 Lyudmila Petrushevska. Wild creatures of the Cossacks. M., Eksmo, 2003. P. 40.

7 The creation of this monument resulted in a number of similar visits: for example, in 2003, the people in Polotsk decided to learn the “short” letter, which is found in the Belarusian alphabet, and in 2004 . A monument to the letter “I” was erected in Yekaterinburz. Nowadays - an attempt to express the inner through the outer, the appearance of the form, the spirit of the letter...

8 Koreniv Chukovsky. Oleksandr Blok sings like a human being. Pg., 1924.

9 Petersburg on Nevsky. 2003 No. 11.

The current Russian alphabet consists of 33 letters. The alphabet in this region dates back to 1942. In fact, it is possible to formulate the current Russian alphabet in 1918 - then it was composed of 32 letters (without the letter e). The similarity of the alphabet, according to historical documents, is associated with the names of Cyril and Methodius and dates back to the 9th century of our era. From the time of discovery until 1918, the alphabet changed several times, adding and excluding signs. At the moment I have over 40 letters. The Russian alphabet is also sometimes called the Russian alphabet.

Russian alphabet with letter names

On our website for the skin letters of the Russian alphabet there is a side with a detailed description, examples of words, pictures, verses, riddles. They can be developed and enchanted. Press the required letter to go to this page.

A a B b C u Y g D d e ї ї Ї F h h I I I J J K K L l M M N n O o P r R S T U V F b y y b e e Yu yu I I

Often in written language, the replacement of the letter e is vikoryst to the letter e. In most cases, the replacement does not pose any difficulties for the reader, but in some contexts a vikorist letter is necessary to avoid ambiguity. Russian letters have a neuter name. Varto vrahovuvat, so that the images of the letters lie in the font.

Numbering of letters

In various logical tasks for identifying the offensive element in a series, in games for solving fiery ciphers, in competitions for knowledge of the alphabet and other similar situations, it is necessary to know the serial numbers of the letters of the Russian alphabet, abbreviated number and at the end of the alphabet. Our online help will help you quickly figure out the number of a letter in the alphabet.

A
1
33
B
2
32
U
3
31
G
4
30
D
5
29
E
6
28
Yo
7
27
AND
8
26
Z
9
25
І
10
24
Y
11
23
Before
12
22
L
13
21
M
14
20
N
15
19
About
16
18
P
17
17

R
18
16
Z
19
15
T
20
14
U
21
13
F
22
12
X
23
11
C
24
10
H
25
9
Sh
26
8
SCH
27
7
Kommersant
28
6
Y
29
5
b
30
4
E
31
3
YU
32
2
I
33
1

Letters of the Russian alphabet

Particularly about the letters of the Russian alphabet: how many letters are in the alphabet, which voices and voices are called great and which are small? Basic information about letters is often found in popular nutrition studies, in elementary school classes, in literacy tests and significant IQ levels, in tutoring for foreigners on knowledge of the Russian language, and others like that. in the data.

Number of letters

How many letters are there in the Russian alphabet?

The Russian alphabet has 33 letters.

To memorize a number of letters in the Russian alphabet, people associate them with popular phrases: “33 joys,” “33 misfortunes,” “33 cows.” Other people associate with the facts of their life: I live near apartment number 33, I live near region 33 (Volodymyr region), I play for the team number 33 and similar ones. And as many letters of the alphabet are forgotten again, associated phrases help to remember them. Surely, can I help you?!

Voices and voices

How many voice and voice letters are there in the Russian alphabet?

10 voices + 21 voices + 2 do not mean sound

Among the letters of the Russian alphabet you can see:

10 voice letters: a, o, u, s, e, i, e, e, yu, i;
21 common letters: b, v, g, d, j, g, z, do, l, m, n, p, r, s, t, f, x, c, h, w, sch;
2 letters that do not mean sounds: ь, ь.

Lettera means sound. Align: “ka”, “fir” - name the letter, [k], [l] - sounds.

Great and small

What kind of literature are great and what kind are small?

There are great (or great) and small letters:

A, B, V... E, Yu, I are great writers,
a, b, v... e, y, i - small letters.

Sometimes it seems: great and small letters. However, the wording is incorrect, since it means the size of the letter, and not the image. Equalize:
B is a large letter, B is a small letter, b is a small letter, b is a small letter.

From the great letters powerful names are written, the beginning of propositions, the expressions on “v” with expressions of deep faith. In computer programs, the term “register letter” is used. Great letters are recruited from the upper register, small letters - from the lower register.

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In the article, you will learn about the history of the Russian alphabet, as well as the rules of spelling and Russian lettering.

Around the year 863, Kirilo and Methodius (brothers of chroniclers) organized all the “Slavic” writing, after which Emperor Michael the Third ordered them to work. The writing system lost the name “Cyrillic” and advanced to the walnut leaf. After this, the Bulgarian school of “scribes” actively developed, and that country (Bulgaria) became the leading center for the expansion of “Cyrillic”.

Bulgaria is the place where the first Slovenian “book” school appeared, and such famous works as “Psalms”, “Gospels” and “Apostles” were copied here. After Greece, the “Cyrillic” penetrated to Serbia and around the 10th century it became mine in Russia. We can safely say that the current Russian alphabet is not similar to the Cyrillic alphabet and the old Slovenian language.

Three years later, the Russian alphabet lost 4 new letters, and the 14 letters from the “old” alphabet were gradually turned off one by one, because there was a need for them. After the reforms of Peter the Great (the beginning of the 17th century), superordinate signs were completely removed from the alphabet, and other “doublet” signs were simply cut off. The last reform of the Russian alphabet took place at the beginning of the 19th century and after that, the same alphabet appeared to people that protects the Donina.

How many letters are there in the alphabet of Russian language?

The current Russian alphabet, which consists of exactly 33 letters, became official only in 1918. What’s important is that the letter “Y” in New Bula was confirmed only in 1942, and before that it was respected by a variation of the letter “E”.

Kirilo and Methodius

Russian alphabet – 33 letters, black and white, text: as it looks, divided on one arch, other A4 format, photo.

In order to learn the spelling of the skin letter of the Russian alphabet, you may benefit from the black and white version. Having captured such a picture, you can print it on any landscape frame in A4 format.

The Russian alphabet is in order from A to Z, numbered in direct order: photo, breakdown

The skin of the letter in the Russian alphabet has its own serial number.

Russian alphabet, numbering in reverse order: photo, layout

There is a reverse order of letters in the alphabet and a reverse numbering.

How to correctly spell and read the letters of the Russian alphabet, Cyrillic: transcription, name the letters

Russian alphabet of great and great writers: photo, development

Russian writing also emphasizes calligraphy and calligraphy. Therefore, you must memorize the spelling rules of the great and small letters in the alphabet.

How to write great letters of the Russian alphabet for first-graders: tribute to the great letters of the Russian alphabet, photo

The little ones who are just starting to learn the written language will become obligated to learn the copybook, in which the stench is learned not only by the spelling letterer, but also by all the languages of their connection one by one.

Copybooks of Russian letters:

Spelling of Russian letters A and B

Spelling of Russian letters B and G

Spelling of Russian letters E and D

Spelling of Russian letters E and Zh

Spelling of Russian letters 3 and I

Spelling of Russian letters Y and K

Spelling of Russian letters L and M

Spelling of Russian letters N and O

Spelling of Russian letters P and R

Spelling of Russian letters S and T

Spelling of Russian letters U and F

Spelling of Russian letters X and C

Spelling of Russian letters CH and Ш

Spelling of Russian letters Ш, ь и ъ

Spelling of Russian letters E and Yu

Spelling of Russian letters I

How many voiced, voiced, sibilant letters and sounds are there in the Russian alphabet and what else: voiced and voiced?

Please remember:

In the Russian alphabet, letters are divided into voices and voices
Voice letters – 10 pcs.
Yearly letters - 21 pcs. (+ ь, ъ sign)
Russian language 43 sounds
Nyumu has 6 vocal sounds
I 37 voices

Introduction of letters e, y, e into the current Russian alphabet: when and who have been introduced?

Tsikavo nobility:

Litera appeared in the alphabet in the 19th century
Literature appeared in the alphabet after the 15th-16th centuries (appeared in Slavic church writings after the Moscow edition).
Litera did not appear in the 17th century (with the creation of a civil font)

What kind of letter appeared in the Russian alphabet?

Letter E is the “remaining” letter in the Russian alphabet, the remains of which were confirmed and eradicated recently (at the beginning of the 19th century).

Young and forgotten letters of the Russian alphabet: names

The current Russian alphabet has undergone an impersonal transformation before it acquires its residual appearance. A lot of letters were forgotten or excluded from the alphabet due to lack of need.

Number of letters in the Russian alphabet that do not represent sounds: names

IMPORTANT: Letter is a graphic sign, sound is a unit of language.

Russian language sounds do not have the following letters:

ь - pom'yakshuє sound
' - we repeat the timid sound

How the letter of the Russian alphabet is most familiar: name

The rest of the letter (useful), as a sign in the daily alphabet - tse Ш (ligature Ш+Т or Ш+Ч).

Transliteration of the Russian alphabet in Latin: photo

Transliteration is the translation of letters into English alphabet, saving sound.

Caligraphic handwriting: a look at the Russian alphabet

Calligraphy is the rules for writing great letters.

Video: “Abetka is alive for babies”

Smuseva Anastasia

The robot learns about those who guess the letter "e".

Vantage:

Forward view:

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Captions before slides:

Follow-up work “How many letters are there in the Russian alphabet: 32 to 33”? Author: Samuseva Anastasia Anatolievna student of 4th grade “A” MBOU “ZOSH No. 7” Kerivnik: Churkina Tetyana Pavlivna

The letter “E” and the letter “E” are two sisters, and one of them wove strings into her pussy.

Meta: understand how the development of the Russian language is influenced by Vidmova's vikoristan with the letter "Y". History: follow the history of the ancient letter “E” in the Russian alphabet; analyze the living letter “E” in dictionaries, dictionaries, books addressed to students of the young and middle centuries; understand the meaning of the letter “E” in Russian language; mean the position of people, as they say in Russian language, to the obviousness of the letter “E” in our abbetz.

Gipoteza: I allow, the yakby people, yaki Volodіyut by the Russian Movie PD PASTICAL ABOT DRUKANNE TEXTAV, Zapzhdi Vicoristovy Vicoristov ib Liper “E”, I was too incorrect venan, the spongeal of the Rosіysko Movie.

The practical significance lies in the fact that the research data can be used by: teachers of primary classes as supplementary material to the main and post-graduate classes; schoolchildren, who solve Russian problems.

The great rightful creation of the Slovenian Abbet was built by the brothers Kostyantin (who took the name of Kirilo at the time of baptism) and Methodius. In the 863rd generation, they composed the Slovenian alphabet, named in Cyrillic in honor of its creator Cyril, since the idea of creation lay with him. From these dates and the origins of Slovenian writing. The Cyrillic alphabet had 38 letters (24 letters from the Greek alphabet and 14 letters - created specifically to express the sounds of the Slovenian language). Later, 5 more letters were added through Kiril’s teachings. Our alphabet is a “daughter” of the Greek alphabet, and our letters look similar to Greek. Kirila woke up practically without change until the hours of Peter the Great. The Old Slavic alphabet had 43 letters. The current Russian alphabet has 33.

Abbet and alphabet

Is it true? How many letters are there in the alphabet? There are two varieties of the Russian alphabet - 33 and 32 letters. Persha includes the letter "E". This different type of alphabet is used in many types of writing: in the headings of most dictionaries, in texts intended for those who read Russian language as foreign, in books for children of the young century. The most common Russian language has an alphabet of 32 letters, without the letter “E”, which is used selectively.

On November 29, 1783, a meeting was held in the office of the director of the St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences, Princess Katerina Romanivna Dashkova, at which the most important writers of that time were present. In the hour of discussing the project of the “Slovenian Russian Dictionary”, Dashkova tsked, trying to correctly represent one sound in two letters, and used the word “io lka” (“Yalinka”) like a butt. Dashkova's arguments turned out to be persuasive. On this day, the decision to introduce a new letter of the Russian alphabet - “e” was praised, and Dashkova became the “mother” of the new letter.

However, a different version of the letter “Ё” appeared in 1797, when Mikola Mikhailovich Karamzin decided to replace the two letters in the word “with i zi" to one - "e". Both versions are confirmed by the work of the predecessors, so we know that the initiator of the appearance of “Y” was the Russian Princess Dashkova, and the other initiator of this initiator is M. M. Kar amzin.

Formally, the letter “e” has become part of the alphabet in less than a century. On January 24, 1942, by order of the People's Commissar to educate the RRFSR, the mandatory use of the letter “e” in school practice was prohibited, and as a result, it was officially respected that the Russian alphabet should be included. Over the past ten years, artistic and scientific literature has emerged from the practical social sciences of the letter “e”.

Lively letter “E” in current written stories In a number of books, the letter “E” appears in all words, even though it is e. For example: Artmonova E. V. Dzerkalo: there is no way back. In the book for preschoolers “My Anniversary”, “E” is added to all necessary words, and on the remaining page it is missing in the word “everything”: “In order for us to understand everything, we need to get up with the sun.” A similar situation is expected in books from the “School of the Seven Dwarfs” series of the “Mosaic – Synthesis” series. There were a lot of books in which the letter “E” was replaced by “E” at all stages of their lives. For example, in the book by A. Conan Doyle “Come Sherlock Holmes”, addressed, with annotation, to schoolchildren of the young and middle centuries.

Why is the writing of the letter “E” unnecessary? The wide expansion of the incorrect name of the city of Koenigsberg has arisen. Freken Bok from the children's book “Malyuk and Carlson, who is alive in the world”, is called fröken in Swedish, and “freken” is closer to the Swedish word. The nickname of the famous French singer Mireille Mathieu (French: Mireille Mathieu) has been written and spelled incorrectly for a long time - “Mathieu”. Sometimes it turns out to be more difficult: the famous chess player, world champion Oleksandr Alokhin, known as the rich man Alekhine, actually his nickname resembles the noble family of Alekhine, and not the name Alyosha. The words are similar: it seems like a scam instead of a scam, but instead of a buttya, opika, not opika.

Application of our school The brother of my classmate Fedorov could not get his passport issued because in his birth certificate the nickname Fedorov was written, and his mother could not issue a certificate of adoption, because in the IPN document there were no marks above “ e" . The teacher of our school bears the nickname Semenov, and her daughter became Semenov, which resulted in the seizure of documents from St. Petersburg. Another girl at our school is nicknamed Fomichev, and one of her daughters is nicknamed Fomichova. Problems arose during the time of registration of documents for the recovery of the fall. The nickname of the famous Russian poet Fet Afanasy Opanasovich was published on the eve of his first book. He lost his popularity already under the nickname Fet.

Whiskey of our place

Questionnaire When typing text on a PC, the following numbers were revealed: Always put a dot over half of the “th” for both adults and children. Do not put a speck - 5 adults and 8 children. How to put - 2 mature ones.

We conducted a small experiment among a group of 4th grade students. 10 people find it difficult to read words that are unfamiliar to them, in which instead of “e” there is a letter “e”. These words are engraver, burial, new birth, fable, boots, acorn, seam spinning, dumplings, ksiondz, marker. By the hour of reading, it became clear that all the students had left for the hour of reading. Moreover, in the words marker, boots, novonarodzheniy, bik, shovkopryadinya, 10 students started pomilok, 8 pomilok read the word acorn, dumplings.

When asked “Why is the letter E needed in Russian language?” 11 students and 16 adults said “so”

On June 20, 2001, at the Ulyanovsk town near Karamzin Square, the world’s only monument to the letter “Yo” was unveiled. The monument is a small stele, on which there is a sign with the letter “E”. Letter Day “E” is designated shortly after the 29th of leaf fall.

It has become so that in our abetza we have consolidated and, it seems, now 33 letters. And I would also like more people to know that our Abbet is the foundation of our entire culture. This is the first foundation of all nations, so to speak Russian. And therefore, discrimination would like to lead to significant, ruinous inheritances for the Russian language, for our culture. Our scientists began to defend the letter E, who composed tales about the necessity of the presence of the letter E in the Russian alphabet.

Thank you for your respect!