History of the creation of the 28th Army. Scenario of the class year "28 - army on the Astrakhan direct." Ordering at the Rocks of War

28th Army I Formation Created on June 27, 1941 on the basis of the directive of the Supreme Command Headquarters No. 0043 on June 27, 1941 in the Arkhangelsk military district with direct subordination to the Supreme Command Headquarters. It was preceded by the 30th and 33rd rifle corps, the 27th mechanized corps, artillery and other units. 5 lines are included in the warehouse of the Army Group Reserve of the Headquarters of the Supreme High Command, 15 lines are reassigned to the Front of the Reserve Armies. 21 limestones were transferred to the Western Front. It took part in the Battle of Smolensk, at the hour of which the united forces launched a counterattack from the Roslavl area towards Pochinok, Smolensk. Success, reaching the beginning of a counterattack, prompted the enemy to concentrate against the 28th Army with great forces, which launched flank attacks on them. On the cob of the sickle, heavy defensive battles were fought in sharpening. In one of them, the army commander, Lieutenant General V. Ya. Kachalov, died.

After leaving the confinement, 4 Serpnya was re-ordered to the Reserve Front, 10 Serpnya 1941 r. The army has been reorganized.

28th Army II Formation created 15 leaf fall 1941 r. (directive of the Headquarters of the Supreme High Command No. 004281 on the 2nd leaf fall of 1941) in the Moscow military district with the middle subordinates of the Headquarters of the Supreme High Command. The 359th, 363rd, 367th and 375th rifle divisions, artillery and other units were sent to this warehouse. 3 1st breast born 1941 The army was assigned to establish a defense line at the junction of the birch river. Volga village Sheksna, Nar. Unzha and Budivnitstvo of the Yaroslavl fortified area. 10th April 1942 The army is included in the warehouse of the Pivdenno-Zakhidny front. After the recent onset of the Battle of Kharkov and the baked defensive battles during the Voronezko-Voroshilovgrad strategic operation, the herbal limestone operation experienced significant losses.

On the 12th century, the army was ordered to the Pivden Front, on the 17th century it reached the Stalingrad Front. 31 lipnya 1942 r. The army was reorganized, the field administration of the army was reorganized, the field administration of the 4th Tank Army was reorganized, and the army was transferred to the 21st Army.

28th Army III Formation created 9 Veresnya 1942 r. on the basis of the directives of the Supreme Command Headquarters dated September 28, 1942. on the basis of the administration and part of the army of the Stalingrad military district at the warehouse of the Pivdenno-Skhidny Front. Before it went the 34th Guards and 248th Infantry Divisions, the 52nd, 152nd and 159th Infantry Brigades, the 78th and 116th fortified areas, and a number of other units.

On the 30th of April, the Second Formation was included in the warehouse of the Stalingrad Front and took part in the Battle of Stalingrad. As the spring stretched out, the army thwarted all attempts by the enemy to break through to the Volga and cut the Astrakhan-Kizlyar highway. In the Breast, the 28th Army conducted offensive operations in the direction of Elista, Salsk, Rostov-on-Don and sent Elista (31st Breast). Successfully developing the offensive, the military armies (from the 1st day 1943 at the warehouse of the Second Formation of the Front) liberated Salsk (22nd day), then interacted with the troops of the 5th shock army - Rostov-on -Don (14 fierce). 20 fierce її їедняння came to the Nar. Mius, we went on the defensive.

The Serpny - Yellow Army at the Pivdenny warehouse (from the 20th anniversary of the 4th Ukrainian) front took part in the Donbass strategic and Melitopol offensive operations, as a result of which Donbass was liberated, and Radyansk And the troops left the lower Dnieper, reached the Crimean Isthmus and buried the flooded birch creeks Sivash.

The fierce one was born in 1944. in the Nikopol-Kryvorizka operation, in Bereznya (from 1 bereznya in the warehouse of the 3rd Ukrainian Front) - in the Berezneguvato-Sniguvato-Sniguryvsky operation of the military army in cooperation with other armies We called Kherson (13th Birth), Mykolaiv (28th Birth) and great quantity other settlements.

From 30 January to the reserve of the Supreme High Command Headquarters, then redeployed to the central part of the Radian-German Front, where from Chern - Lipnya from the warehouse of the 1st Belarusian Front (from 27 May) took part in the defeat of the German troops from Belarus ї. Successfully broke through the enemy's defenses on the front line and forced the bunks. The Western Bug near Brest, which crossed the power border of the USSR, continued to re-investigate the enemy on the territory of Poland.

On the 15th, the army was transferred to the reserve of the Supreme High Command Headquarters, and on the 13th, it was transferred to the 3rd Belorussian Front, which took part in the offensive against Prussia. Introduced into the battle from another echelon of the front, it completed the breakthrough of the enemy’s fortifications at the border line and on the 25th of June it opened the river. Stallupenen (Nesterov).

In Sichna - Berezna 1945 r. At the hour of the Converging Prussian strategic operation, the military army broke through the heavily fortified enemy defenses and entered central part Similar Prussia. The developing offensive, in cooperation with other military forces, led the front to the shores of the Baltic Sea for a late approach from Konigsberg (Kaliningrad), cutting off the exit routes of the similar Prussian enemy group. After the liquidation of the enemy troops in the Koenigsberg area, the army of the 1st quarter was transferred to the reserve of the Supreme High Command Headquarters, and the 20th quarter was transferred to the 1st Ukrainian Front and from its warehouse took part in the Berlin operation ї. The army ended its fighting in Czechoslovakia. In the Prague strategic operation, in cooperation with the 52nd Army, it launched an attack from the Niska area in the direction of Zittau, Ceska Lipa and reached the approach to Prague immediately, where it accepted capitulation parts of the sharpened great grouping of the enemy forces.

For everyone who fought at the front, the Army lost something unforgettable - front-line friends and comrades, with whom we walked more than once, marveling at death at the front, sharing the joys and troubles of front-line life.
Everyone who fought with the 28th Army knows that it did not become legendary like those who completely captured Stalingrad and was not called the Guards. 28-a was a private member of the insurmountable armored forces Radyansky Union. Let us highlight the great feat of all the Radian people in the light of their ensign.

	The ensign of Russia is serving on the "Watch of Remembrance".					Veterans of the 28th on the "Memory Watch"

The 28th Army began its battle march near Astrakhan, near the Kalmyk steppes. Vaughn called Elista and Rostov-on-Don, Kherson and Mikolaiv, defeated the ensign of Victory over the fortress-hero Brest. Then they walked along the Hitler-ruled Poland. She took part in the Prussian offensive, stormed Berlin, and crushed German troops on the approaches to Prague. Marshal of the Radyansky Union I. S. Konev wrote at the time: “One of the tasks of the Berlin operation was the reduction of the 200-thousand-strong Frankfurt-provincial grouped enemy, which was about to break through the battle formations of the 1st Ukrainian Front. The 28th Army played an important role here" (Vijskovo -historical magazine, 1970, No. 5, page 73). Naturally, just before the hour of the battle for Berlin, the 28th was to be completed, sealed in the battles. And how did she eat her cob? battle way? To put this into perspective, let’s try to create a collective portrait of this biography. 28 The army was formed on the basis of the Stalingrad military district, whose headquarters were located in Astrakhan. In the first half of 1942, in the Astrakhan region, the 289th attack air division was formed (commander-lieutenant colonel A.D. Reina, military commander - regimental commissar B.N. Smirnov), and from the 26th serpent it increased in operational Ordering of the commander of the Stalingrad army.
On September 12, the Astrakhan defense department was occupied by units of the 78th and 116th Ukrainian Defense Districts (commandant Colonel A.M. Sorokin, Lieutenant Colonel P.T. Petryak, military senior battalion commissar P.A. Morisov and regimental commissar Sh.T. Kuda seam) which arrived from the Moscow defense zone.
For the protection of water and water communications, industrial and other objects from Grozny to the Astrakhan region, the divisional area of ​​the PPO was redeployed (commander of the divisional area, former A.I. Kupcha, military commander-senior battalion commissar B D. Goryushikin). Near the Astrakhan region, from the 18th sickle, the 52nd infantry brigade began to take shape (commander-Colonel I.S. Shapkin, military commander - senior battalion commissar S.A. Ovsyannikov).

	Zustrich of veterans at the celebration of Victory Day. RUR 2000					Front-line veterans go to the grave of their dead comrade

In the operational order, the commander of the Stalingrad military district was transferred and took up defense along the line zaliznytsia Astrakhan-Kizlyar, 47th Okrema Zaliznichnaya Brigade (commander-Colonel V.M. Golishin).
On the 12th sickle, the active Caspian military flotilla was struck, destroying the Astrakhan military-naval base. The main mission of the flotilla is to ensure the people's government and operational transportation of the most important for the region of communication Baku-Astrakhan.
Of great importance in organizing the defense of the Astrakhan region are small and other approaches. In order to ensure the control of the Stalingrad and Caucasus directly, Headquarters from the 15th sickle ordered the troops of the Stalingrad military district (commander-lieutenant general Gerasimenko V.F., member of the Viyskaya Rad - O.M. Melnikov) in an operational sense and the commander of the Pivdenno-Skhidny Front, Colonel General A.I. Eremenko. Responsibility for the defense of the Astrakhan direct, the Astrakhan fortified area and the approaches to the Volga on the Stalingrad-Astrakhan section was placed on this bul.
The commander of the Pivdenno-Skhidny Front ordered the troops of the Stalingrad Military District to defend the Astrakhan fortified area and approach Astrakhan and the Volga from the sunset and the daylight, covering the especially important route Elista-A fear. It was also punished to install heavily damaged mining pens in the Kalmitsa steppes. According to this order, the 14th sickle in vehicles near the Yashkul area was sent to the front line of the 2nd cadet regiment under the command of Senior Lieutenant V.M. Alyab'ev, who took up defensive positions there and crossed the road across six roads to reach the populated area at the entry, exit and exit. Nezabar killed Alyab'ev and moved to the ensign of the fight. It is rare for young people to be able to fight against the military right. Defense squads: rifleman, parachute, ambulance - became even more popular. Wearing the badge “Ready for the Defense” or “Voroshilov Shooter” was considered an honorable attribute of Komsomol valor.

The younger generation of the 40s, recruited by the Communist Party, failed in their feat. He was destined to reach adulthood in a battle with an enemy whose stench he hated from childhood. So, for example, senior foreman of the 6th Guards Tank Brigade S.S. Morozov joined the Komsomol in early 1942, on the day of liberation from the gates of the Kalmyk Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic by units of the 28th Army. Together with his crew, he took part in many battles, more than once “wondering at death in his eyes.” Having been seriously injured, the tricks penetrated the Komsomol card, which he had saved from the tunic. Having seen Morozov, he immediately works in Moscow with one of the auto companies. And in such a situation, the young warriors had someone to look up to and inherit. It often happened that both fathers and brothers served at the same time. In one division of the 905th Infantry Regiment of the 248th Infantry Division, the father and son fought - the Ukrainians Pivtoraki. Once again, the stinks fussed in front of the commander of the Army, and he allowed them. Sergeant Petro Pivtorak and his son Private Ivan fought well for the intelligence forces, and the police published a leaflet about them, “People of Courage.” Why not tell us about Petryukiv? Still at the fronts huge war The identified cavalryman is the senior Petryuk. For his fearlessness in battle, he was awarded the Order of the Red Prapor. Semyon Mikhailovich Budionny himself pinned the hero to his tunic on a high hill in front of the formation of his fighting comrades. In 1942, Lieutenant Colonel Pakhom Trokhimov Petryuk became the commander of the 116th Ukrainian Defense District. Together with him in one united service and his son - senior lieutenant Evgen, who gradually responded to the most complex tasks and successfully conquered them. Among the older comrades, the young ones were the ones who were the most kind in battle and modest in a special life, in everyday life, even diligent in their duties. These comrades will never be forgotten by those who, at least once, fell in love with them at the twisted ridge, who, sensing their half-hearted calls under the fire of the enemy, smelling like the stench of the first, unconcerned with death, went into battle. They have always been the guides of ideas and will communist party, political leaders and organizers of the mass, or, as figuratively speaking, the commander of the Army, General V.F. Gsrasimeiko, “cement” that holds thousands of fighters together." The story about the envoys comes from the commander of the 28th Army. Born V.F. Gerasimenko in 1900 in his rural homeland in the village of Velika Burimka of Zolotonsky district in Ukraine. 4 rocks , in the Russian-Japanese War, having lost his father. The village family lost a year-old. At that time, the mother, Melanya Matvievna, worked with the children at the Kurkulivs. If Vasily had been hired for the rest of his life, Velika Zhovt would not have grieved New socialist revolution.U 18 rocks Gerasimenko , under the influx of a fellow villager - a Bolshevik, who, having turned from the front, volunteers to join the Red Army, and 20 years to the hands of the Communist Party. On the fronts of the huge war, Gerasimenko suffered three serious injuries. military academy V.M. Frunze. At 40 years old, Gerasimenko was promoted to lieutenant general, already commanding the troops of the Volga region. From the first days of the Great The Great Patriotic War at the front. On the Western Front he commanded the 21st Army. From the fall of leaves in 1941 - the commander of the Stalingrad military district, and from the beginning of spring 1942 - the 28th Army. Gerasimenko has great authority among the military. On all the fronts on which the 28th Army took part, the permanent member of the Army was the corps commissar, and since 1943 Major General - Oleksiy Mikolaovich Melnikov. Vkazivka Headquarters on the 26th June included the 6th Guards Tank Brigade (commander of the Guards Lieutenant Colonel Krichman), and on the 9th November the 76th Guards Mortar Regiment (commander of the Guards Lieutenant Colonel S. Semenov). , additional stock and ammunition. The heart of the 28th Army was the 34th Guards Rifle Division, which consisted mainly of volunteer soldiers who came to serve in the airborne troops on behalf of Komsomol organizations. The division, which went directly from Moscow to the Eastern-Caucasian Front, was ordered by Headquarters in Astrakhan and transferred to the command of the Stalingrad military district. Division commander – Major General I.I. Gubarevich, military regimental commissar M.A. Lobanov National Day of the 28th Army became the 31st sickle - the last day of the harsh summer of 1942. From the first year of her birth she fought and was instantly molded. The important science of overcoming these streltsy units, which had not previously taken part in battles, was tested in battles behind the enemy, and then tried to break through to Astrakhan. Like the entire Chervona Army, and the warehouse unit, the 28th Army was international. The blue and daughters of 20 brother nations fought under these ensigns: Russians (they made up 63.8% of the total), Ukrainians (17.2%), Belarusians, Azerbaijanis, Virmens, Georgians, Kazakhs, Uzbeks, Tatars, Chuvash, Kalmiki, Jews and many others. This tribute was directed by the camp to the fall of leaves in 1942. Representatives of the brother nations on the Kalmyk steppes simultaneously shared joy and overcame misfortunes, fought well against enemies. All of them were loyal friends of the peoples of the USSR, their international bond was in the defeat of the fascists, among their own Radyan Fatherland, among the whole people of Europe against the “brown plague”. Among the young fighters there were a lot of good Komsomol lads. These are officer Ivan Zaburov, sniper Sergiy Lutov, pilots Oleksandr Prudnikov and Zakhary Khitalishvili, PPO fighter Nadiya Ryabtseva, nurse Natasha Kachuevska, artilleryman Volodymyr Shishalko, intelligence officer Pavlo Kuznichenko and many others .

Meta: Formulate statements about the seizure of the city of Astrakhan by the 28th Army during the Great German War of 1941-1945.

Show the heroism displayed in the battles for Astrakhan by the soldiers of the Radian army.

Vikhovuvati patriotism, love before the Batkivshchyna.

The song “Holy War” will sound.

Leading- The history of the Great White War contains many stories of heroism and glory Radyansky soldier. One of these sides is the heroic defense by the soldiers of the 28th Army of the Astrakhan direct force on the left flank of the Stalingrad front. In the spring of 1942. The situation here was tense. In connection with the demonstrable advances of Hitler's troops into the Caucasus and Stalingrad, a great gap arose between the left flank of the Pivdenny-Skhodny Front and the right flank of the Pivnichno-Caucasian Front, and Astrakhan was directly exposed with the Radian troops.

Hitler highlighted the duties of Army Groups “A” and “B” that the Russian Days were doing. The defense of Army Group “B” (6 and 4 armies) was punished with a swift blow to defeat the Radian troops that were covering Stalingrad, and to take over the place, and then to strike the Volga for the day and seize the Astrakhan region, so I will completely paralyze the river with the Volga. These operations of Army Group "B" were given the code name "Fishreyer" (map - diagram).

The headquarters of the Supreme High Command placed great importance on the defense of Astrakhan directly. Under this order, the administration of the Stalingrad Military District, which is near Astrakhan, until June 6, 1942. was reorganized into the field administration of the 28th Army, with Lieutenant General V.F. appointed as its commander. Gerasimenko.

The 28th Army was faced with the following tasks: to defeat the enemy on the distant approaches to Astrakhan, to extract his strength during defensive battles, to capture the capital of Kalmikiya, Elista, and to ensure that Stalingrad was provided with water and Zaliznych transport.

In the passage of the important defense battles on the distant PIDSTUPS to Astrakhani, the Zapyaki of the Brushing Muzhnosti Toycosti Voyniv 28 Armyї, Gitler -Vіskiy Bulo Zupineno for 120 km of the MIST in the district of the village of Hulkhuta.

Let's talk about the exploits of the soldiers of the 28th Army in those distant days

(reveal academic, vikory and presentation slides; words from the addendum)

Photo (young political instructor Ivan Yakovich Zinov'ev)

Photo (Guards medical instructor Natalia Oleksandrivna Kachuevska).

Play the song “Little Blue Khustinka”

Visnovok. Representatives of over 20 peoples and nationalities served in parts of the 28th Army: Russians, Ukrainians, Belarusians, Kazakhs, Uzbeks, Kyrgyz, Tajiks, Turkmen, Georgians, Azerbaijanis, Virmens, Moldovans, Lithuanians, Latvians, Estonians, Bashkirs, even Jews, Ingush, Chechens and others.

The 28th Army, having defeated Hitler’s camps on the Astrakhan direct, began its journey of victory. In front are the streets of Rostov-on-Don, the cities of Ukraine and Belarus. Poland, the Baltic states, Western Prussia, the storming of Berlin, the battle for Prague.

warrior Ale є so that I will not forget the warriors, live but a thousand fates. We remember those who, having sacrificed their lives on the battlefield, remember the difficult, painful experiences of sacrifices and struggles until victory.

(Sound the song “Day of Victory”).

Addendum.

Fragment 1 (young lieutenant Oleksandr Prudnikov, captain Vsevolod Oleksandrovich Shiryaev – pilots of the 289th attack air division)

In the battles for Khulkhuta, 120 kilometers from Astrakhan, pilots of the 289th Assault Air Division, Captain Vsevolod Shiryaev and young lieutenant Oleksandr Prudnikov, repeated the feat of Captain Gastello. Let's talk about the feat of Oleksandr Prudnikov. When our troops went on the offensive, Oleksandr Prudnikov and his military friends rushed to the assault. Loudly the warlords of the colony, mercilessly blaming the enemies, Trapping Prudnikov strong smell hostile anti-aircraft guns. Rushing down the gas tank. It was impossible to beat halfway. Prudnikov plans to fight until the end. After the butt of the heroes Gastelo and Shiryaev, he sent his plane, which is burning, from the fascists. For this feat, Prudnikov was posthumously awarded the Order of the Red Prapor.

Fragment 2 (Guards Lieutenant I. Zaburov, company commander of the 103rd Guards Streltsy Regiment. 34th Guards Streltsy Division)

The commander of the 4th company of the 103rd Guards Regiment, Lieutenant Zaburov, accomplished a feat at the Kalmitsa steppe. And that’s how it happened. The guardsman moved forward meter by meter, leaning forward in battle. But the way for the soldiers was blocked by the fire of a machine gun. One, another, a third... our warriors perished. Then Guard Lieutenant Zaburov ordered the company to dig in, and he himself shouted to strangle the point. He was already very much ahead of the curve. The lieutenant was cunning. In those days, when the blade turned right-handed into the fire, it fell down and died, spreading out on the ground. And the enemy’s gun-thrower, mistaking him for one of the dead, raised his deadly sword. Then guard meter by meter in advance. The axis of the vin has already pressed down to the bunker. And then I caught the enemy. The fascist machine gun, choking, fired at the ground, on which Zaburov lay spread-eagled. So the hvilina passed by, two of them, with a raptom, they stood up all the way, throwing the machine gun to the side, breaking a bunch of wide stripes and with all the strength of their body fell on the embrasure. The enemy's gun fell silent. At the cost of his life, the Guards Lieutenant Zaburov helped his comrades crush the enemy.

Fragment 3 (Red Army Kazakh Oratay)

Once upon a time, the memory of the fighters lost the wimpy butt of the heroic behavior in the battle of the Red Army soldier - the Kazakh Oratay. As if he was fighting on the open flank of our defense alone against a platoon of enemy machine gunners. Shchorazu, if the enemy is trying to kill a good warrior, Oratai cold-bloodedly fights the fire in one or another kill. In the fire of the Radian warrior, not only those of the fascists who tried to attack, but also those who, facing inevitable death, abandoned the battlefield, perished. If the remaining fascists were destroyed, the Red Army soldier, with wounds that were bleeding, rose to the full height of the trench and shouted in Kazakh: “Women are sad! Senderge oli m keli p, bastarina kan zhausin!” (In Russian it means “It didn’t work out! Death and curses are on your heads!”) And the field, strewn with the dead, moved on. And our fighters, who fight right-handed, were evidence of how good a warrior was at the cost of great efforts at the battle line.

Fragment 5 (M. Krivorotov – tankman of the guards lieutenant)

The tanks fought hard in the battles. Far into the depths of the enemy’s defenses, a T-34 tank broke through under the command of the Hero of the Radyansky Union Guard, Lieutenant Mikhail Krivorotov. This tank brought fear to the Hitlerites: the tank’s caterpillars literally passed through enemy positions, leveling trenches from the ground, suffocating the enemy’s fire points. During the battle, Krivorotov received three injuries and died in one of the Astrakhan hospitals.

Fragment 4 (Guards Lieutenant Oleksiy Ivanov)

The nameless height must be eliminated, come what may - such is the order of the command. Guards Lieutenant Oleksiy Ivanov sent his company to the battlefield. “We swear, comrades,” said the commander, “that we will carry high the glory of the title of the guards through the threat of battles!”

The Germans showed up promptly. And then a hot beating burst out. The Hitlerites were supported by artillery and tanks. Suddenly the guards were fighting off the enemy’s clutches. For almost eleven years, the fascists were constantly attacking, but our soldiers were constantly holding the cordon. The fearless commander of the guard, Lieutenant Oleksiy Ivanov, breathed with a special butt during battle.

But the company ran out of ammunition. Close to seventy Hitlerites were again approaching our cordon. And when the stinks were already very close, Guard Lieutenant Ivanov, already two wounded at that hour, stood up to the fullest extent, shouting: “For Batkivshchina, forward, guards!”

Hand-to-hand fighting is short. Half of the Nazis were killed, and the Reshta rushed back. In this turbulent battle, Guard Lieutenant Ivanov died the death of a hero. The comrades found a note in the crowded tunic. She was lying in a Komsomol ticket, with a hole in it and blood. Ivanov wrote to her: “Comrade, since I will die for the Batkivshchina, read the series and tell everyone that I have 22 years and I still want to live until these times, until I learn Russian in the best of my eyes.” This is the land of the remaining killed Hitlerite , who escaped to our cabin as a robber. Tell me that the Volz Komsomol member Ivanov took revenge on the Nazis until the end of the last century and died in battle. Guard Lieutenant Ivanov."

Photo by Kachuevskaya.

On the 20th day of leaf fall near Hulhuti, Muscovite Natasha Kachuevskaya, a guard medical instructor of the 105th Guards Rifle Regiment, immortalized her name forever.

In the dead of night, the guards in battle knocked out the Germans from a fortified village. Only forty-five fighters at once from Natasha appeared cut off from their units. The fascists launched attacks on our positions on Svitanka. The guards let them stand close and shot them back. The proteas and our ranks marched. Natalka made her way to the wounded, brought them from the battlefield to the trenches, and bandaged them. And if the enemy resisted new attacks, she herself took the machine gun to her hands. This fearlessness inspired the fighters, and they never let go of their wounds. Natasha perished in an uneasy situation with a horde of heavily wounded soldiers.

Axis how the fighter remembers about her, having fought with her at the same time:

There was a girl in us at the medical battalion, Natasha Kachuevska. I'll tell you that. You don’t often find such heroes and people. She asked to go to the front line herself. In one battle, I remember, the Germans created such fire that it was scary to stick your head out of the trench. And now, for the sake of goodwill, “Sinya Khustinka” is sleeping. Twenty wounded were carried to death.

The memory of the heroic maiden is now sacredly cherished by the people of Astrakhan.

To prepare the class year, materials were collected from the Museum of Military Glory in Astrakhan.

A story about the heroic stories of the 28th Army, which defended the approaches to Astrakhan from the fascist death camps. Material for the lesson on foundations based on scientific documents, guesses of Astrakhan participants in the 28th Army.

Vantage:

Forward view:

Lesson-excursion on the topic “The heroic path of the 28th Legendary".

Purpose: Vikorist documents and additional material, learn about the legendary 28th Army;
show the heroism of the heroes native land;
feel a sense of pride for your people, for the glorious stories of history;
Please note the historical facts.

Obladnannya: songs about war; map of military actions; illustrations.

Lesson heading:
1. Organizational moment;
2. Word from the teacher:
Today we can guess the heroic stories of our history. And the most terrible war in the life of humanity, our Batkivshchyna-Velyka Vitchiznyana. This river is significant for our Astrakhan - 70 years of formation of the Legendary 28th Army. The great courage of the warriors, without destroying the enemy to our place. Everything was kostuvala chimalikh zusil.

The history of the formation of the army goes back to the beginning of the Great German War. The fighters captured the border lines, harrowed Smolensk. Ale, as we remember, the beginning of the war was important for our army, the 28th recognized poverty and was disbanded. Already in the spring of 1941, the dawn of fate was created and it stole Moscow directly. Already in the spring of 1942, the river after Kharkovsky was directly connected to the warehouse of the Stalingrad Military District and the Stalingrad Front. By order of Headquarters on September 31, 1942, under the command of Lieutenant General V.F. Gerasimenko was relocated to Astrakhan.

What military uniforms were included in the warehouse of the 28th Army?(povid. Study)

Assault Air Division; guard units; zaliznichnaya brigade; divisional battalion PPO; Caspian Military Flotilla; rifle brigade; tank battalion; mortar regiment ("Katyusha"); airborne troops (became the core of the army).; cavalry battalion; company zv'yazku; artdivision.

Guys, as you know, why did it take so much to mold the 28th Army?(in 1942, Hitler's Germany, based on the economical and human resources of rooted Europe, decided to implement those that it had not succeeded in 1941 - to defeat the Red Army and possibly complete it in The war is against the USSR, so the command laid out the plan before the hour of the summer offensive. strike on the day, conquer the Caucasus, reach the Volga, invade Stalingrad and Astrakhan, and thereby turn the result of the war to your own advantage)

Concerns about Stalingrad grew. The Radyansky command ordered to cover up the Astrakhan directive. Already on the 9th of September an artillery division arrived at Elist; company of tanks; Streltsy battalion; cavalry squadron; company call. The German armies began to attack, the battles were baked. From the 12th sickle to the 1st spring, the enemies streamed from the most important weather minds. The enemies were exhausted from the wind, from artillery, and from tanks.

What problems did the “queen of war” - lust - experience?(Folding half-heartedly, stormy storms, lack of water, open water)

The active actions of the Nazis changed the plans of the Hitlerites. Having gathered all their strength, the zagarbniki fought on the side of the Kalmitsa steppes for 34 years to take Astrakhan. But the plans didn’t come true!
Members of the 28th Army demonstrated resilience and heroism. (povid. Study)
(the guard captain A.I. Ovchinnikov defeated several attacks during the day; the battalion of Colonel N.I. Tsigankov did not allow the enemy to wedge into our defense)

As a result of the staunch defense, the enemy suffered defeats. In the fall, Hitler launched the offensive and moved the date of victory over the Soviet Socialist Republic to 1943. Already ahead of the new collapse - Stalingrad! In the chest, Astrakhansky's soldiers directly killed Elista, and the enemy was defeated. The Batkivshchina was looking forward to the warriors' new exploits.

Where was the 28th Army still fighting?(Z zag. Studying)

(The army conquered Donbass; Kherson; Western Prussia; took part in the Berlin operation. The fighting ended in Czechoslovakia. In a common strategic operation in cooperation with 52 ar I attacked Prague straight away, and accepted the capitulation of part of the well-fed, great grouped army of the enemy.

Representatives of various towns, villages, villages took part in the battles of the 28th Army. I wanted you to know the material and news about the Astrakhants - participants of the 28th Legendary (study series)

3. Lesson supplement, summary:
Thank you for your active participation. In our version, the corridor has a stand dedicated to the current theme. I would like you to come and read, perhaps not everyone looked at you in class today. And before the Day of Victory, we recommend taking an excursion to the Museum of Battle Glory, where there are special halls that tell about the 28th Army.
Many fates have passed through, but the new generation will not cease to admire the heroic deeds of courageous people.

The 28th Army further operated along the coast of the Black Sea to Mykolayiv. The Pivdenny Front, before entering the warehouse, was renamed to the 4th Ukrainian. At the leaf fall of 1943, Gerasimenko built a settlement for Lieutenant General A. Grechkin. The army captured Melitopol and established a bridgehead on the flooded birch of Sivash. She did not take part in the Crimean operation. Advancing along the shores of the Black Sea, near the beginning of 1944, the army marched to Kherson and Mykolayiv. On March 30, 1944, the army was transferred to the reserve of the Supreme High Command Headquarters.

Then the army headquarters (from May 1944, after the dismissal of Lieutenant General A. Luchinsky) was transferred to Belarus to the warehouse of the 1st Belarusian Front, taking part in the battles near Brest after the defeat of Army Group Center. The army withdrew to the territory of Poland, and on the 15th spring it was put into reserve, after its restoration it was transferred to the 3rd Byelorussian Front, from the warehouse of which it took part in the battles of Western Prussia, appearing in the breach of the Wehrmacht defense in Shtullupenen (Nesterov), i before the end of the day on the Baltic coast, the sunset of Königsberg. In the 20th quarter, the army, already at the warehouse of the 1st Ukrainian Front, took part in the Berlin operation, and then conquered Czechoslovakia, having finished fighting on Elbi.

The Astrakhan citizens mobilized at this time were sent to the 28th Army, but after the united forces that fought in the Kalmytsky steppes and seized the Lower Volga, the position of the 28th Army was no longer small. Until the end of the war, the army included the 48th, 50th, 54th, 55th, 96th Guards Divisions, 20th, 61st, 130th and 152nd Infantry Divisions and other units.

Vasyl Gerasimenko became aware of the conflict with Marshal Tymoshenko and the troubles with the official army. Maintaining friendly contacts with Khrushchev, he became the Minister of Defense of the Ukrainian RSR. In fact, there was no ministry. He was sent to the department in 1953 and died in 1961. His intercessor is Major General P. Tikhomirov, the author of the idea of ​​​​the assault on Yashkul, who died near Rostov-on-Don in 1943.

At the head of the 28th Army, Colonel Yakov Yeryomenko successively commanded the 169th SD, 255th SD, 24th GVSD, 67th GVSD, rose to the rank of major general, and died of illness in the cruel 1945 in Panevezys. Samuel Rogachevsky, who replaced him at the planting as the chief of staff of the army, holding this planting until the spring of 1945, took part in the Berlin operation.

34th Guards Bud on the beginning of the present day, 1943. The division reached the Manich River and made its way along population point Red cattle. The Germans made extraordinary attempts to turn back their previous frontiers. The guards defended themselves staunchly. The 31st Division defeated 15 tank attacks, supported by artillery fire and enemy air strikes. In the midst of a fierce battle, the 4th division called the Kozacha station and opened the highway to Bataysk. At the battle for the village of Zlodiyska, on the approach to Zernovoy (Zernograd), the division commander, Major General Yosip Hubarevich, was mortally wounded. Vin died on February 21, 1943. at the hospital in Salska. Pokhovany at the town of Rostov-on-Don. Colonel F.V. Brailyan was appointed commander of the 34th division. The next day, Batayska was destroyed by a spectacular attack from the enemy. The 103rd Guards Rifle Regiment of Major G.N. Lekhman was stationed here. He was the first to reach the place, opening the salvage station and ensuring the success of the battle for the entire division. During the battles for Bataysk, the commander of the 105th Guards Rifle Regiment, Major I, was mortally wounded. I. Ask. There were injuries and Lekhman, but at the beginning of the division he survived and turned back later. It’s true, we were already worried that we couldn’t take the fate of the prisoners of Rostov-on-Don. 5 units of the division captured the Nizhno-Gnilivskaya station. At this point, the division went on the defensive, which lasted until the 12th.

For courage and courage, revealed by the special character of the division in past battles, 1,185 guardsmen were awarded orders and medals. Nadali 34-a Guards Division took part in the breach of the enemy’s defensive lines on the Mius and Molochna rivers, forced the water lines, fought bitter battles to liquidate the Nikopol bridgehead of the enemy on the left birch of the Dnieper. From the ear of a sickle, 1943. The division took part in the Donbass operation. For the war's military command and the display of a special type of courage and heroism in the battles for the liberation of the Donbas region, the same division was awarded the honorary name of Yenakievskaya.

After crossing the Dnieper, the division conducted a defensive battle to strengthen the bridgehead for the descent from Dniprodzerzhinsk. In the offensive battles on the Right Bank of Ukraine, units of the 34th Guards Division, together with other units of the 31st Guards Rifle Corps, continued to rely heavily on the enemy, forcing rivers that overflowed , along the swollen roads and fields, constantly leaning forward, we walked more took part in the Mykilsko-Krivorizkaya, Berezneguvato-Snigurivskaya and Odessa offensive operations. For its participation in the Nikopol-Krivoryzka operation, the division was awarded the Order of the Red Prapor. On the cob 1944 r. The division reached the Prut River, and in Serpnya-Vesna it took part in the Yasko-Kishinivsk operation, conquering Moldova, Romania, Bulgaria, Yugoslavia.

22 leaf fall 1944 r. The 31st Guards Rifle Corps, at the warehouse of the 34th Guards Division, was transferred from the 46th Army to the 4th Guards Army. She was active in Ugorshchina, leading important battles against German and Ugric troops. It is especially unacceptable to take into account the fears of the veterans that the cavalry attacks of the Honveda were deprived.

At the beginning of this year in the first half of the year 1945. The division, together with other forces of the 31st Guards Corps, repelled the counterattacks of German tankers along Zamol and between lakes Velence and Balaton. The division began to fade away, although the right-handed neighbors would leave and the threat of exacerbation could emerge.

In the spring of 1945, the 34th Guards Division was with another echelon of the 4th Guards Army, ready to expand the success of the first echelon directly to Balatonfekayar. Here the battles ended on the 22nd, with our troops capturing the main base of the Nazi defense of the town of Székesfehérvár. Next, the 34th Guards Division, continuing operations at the warehouse of the 31st Guards Corps, conducted fighting activities at Vidensky offensive operation. The 7th division, together with other units of the corps, launched the assault on Vidnya. Before the 24th quarter, she reached the border of the Traisen River and moved to the defense at the entrance to the Danube. The 34th Guards Rifle Division completed its combat march in Austria on the night of May 9, 1945. For the fate of the war, 13,866 soldiers of the division were awarded orders and medals, and 16 of them were awarded the title of Hero of the Radyansky Union.

The commanders of the regiments that defended Astrakhan served both in the offensive battles and went on advances. In 1943, Mikita Tsigankov became the commander of the 52nd infantry brigade, and later became the commander of the 375th infantry division. In 1943, the commander of the 1544 army was Lieutenant Colonel Mamchur Mikita Yukhimovich from Zaporizhzhya. In 1944, with the rank of colonel, he commanded the 377th Guards Division at the warehouse of the 43rd Army. Ivan Prosha died in the cruel fate of 1943. Oleksiy Velmozhin commanded the 34th GVSD for many hours. Mikhailo Voron, the same one who, with a battery of anti-tank guns, knocked out two German tanks in a battle near Yashkul, finally becoming the commander of his own 84th Guards Regiment, from Astrakhan to Vidnya.

The 248th Streltsy Division experienced even serious losses on the approaches to Rostov, near Zernograd. On 28 June 1943, the SS Viking division was equipped with tanks and formed the 52nd and 78th brigades, including the division headquarters. The loss reached 3,000 people, including the death of most of the staff officers. Hunting schools, with regulations such as vinyl division: 5th September 1st AVPU, 8th September 2nd AVPU.

In 1944, the division, reaching the shores of the Black Sea, reached Odessa. Having crossed the estuary, the division reached the Odessa-Sortuvalna station, prompting the Germans to clear the place. In connection with this division the division took the name Odeska.

1945 division zustrіla at the warehouse of the 5th shock army, operating in Brandenburg. On the 1st of 1945, two regiments of the 248th rifle division, the 899th regiment of Colonel Bushin and the 902nd regiment of Lieutenant Colonel Lionev, not marked by the enemy, reached the frozen Oder and crossed it. On May 1, 1945, the 248th Bud in cooperation with the 230th Bud received the State Post Office and the office of the Ministry of Finance, located opposite the Reich Chancellery. The next day, from the 301st day, she joined the former Gestapo and the Ministry of Aviation, and was assigned to the Reich Chancellery. The connection with the 902-sp was awarded the Order of Kutuzov, and all regiments of the 248th Infantry Division received the name “Berlinsky”.

The division was forever forgotten by the Berliners. These parts were transported by camels. On one of them, the fighters hung a sign “Astrakhan-Berlin” with orders and medals of the German army. This unpalatable hooliganism was immediately punished by the command, and the camels and the division turned back to the Radyansky Union.

In 1942, the 248th bud was commanded by Colonel Mikola Zakharovich Galai. On September 30, 1943, Galai recovered from being seriously wounded, but recovered and returned to division headquarters, which he commanded until the end of the war. He became an honorable citizen of Elista and Odessa and died in 1981, before he died.

The first commander of the 899th joint venture, Danilo Shcherbak, as we remember, died on the 15th leaf fall. Captain Oleksandr Postily, who replaced his battalion commander-2, defending the front line on the Sarpin Lakes, was killed near Rostov-on-Don. Major Ivan Krokha, who commanded the 902nd rifle regiment, died on the 29th in a battle near the Kamyany farm.

The commander of the 1st cadet regiment, Ivan Shapkin, who had been a member of the 52nd Special Brigade for years, rose to the rank of major general and successfully survived the war. After his victory, he moved to Kiev and died in 1967.

With the entry to Mius, the brigades were reorganized into three divisions: the 152nd and 98th brigades became the 118th rifle division. It happened on May 25, 1943. The 52nd and 98th Separate Brigades merged into the 127th Infantry Division. These two divisions ended the war near Berlin. Nareshti, on the basis of the 156th and 159th infantry brigade, the 130th infantry division was created, which went along the route from Taganrog to Konigsberg. Tajik 99th Osbr Bula was converted into 99th SD of a different form.

The 6th GBR advanced from the 28th Army to Rostov-on-Don, then fought on the pristine birch Azov Sea she took her part in the assault on Sevastopol. Here, on this basis, the Sivaska Tank School was formed. The commander of the 6th Guards Brigade, Mikhailo Krichman, in 1943, was about to enroll in academic courses at the Academy of BT and MV. In 1944, he was appointed chief of staff of the 8th Mechanized Corps and took part in the battles near Nimechchina in 1945. After the war, Mikhailo Naumovich became the head of the mechanized division and left the army in 1956. Krichman was awarded three orders of the Chervonoy Prapor, the Order of Suvorov 2nd degree, the Order of Bohdan Khmelnitsky, the Order of Oleksandr Nevsky and several orders of the Chervonoy Zirka. Combat commander Pishov from life in 1969.

The 148th IAP in the beginning of 1943 was transferred to the 287th IAD, serving in Rostov-on-Don and the Tamansky district. U travnі b. 1943 in the results of the Reserve Headquarters of the Central Committee and re-equipment of the Yak-9. The regiment ended the war near the Baltic States at the warehouse of the 185th Army.

806th cap 02/03/43 r. buv vidvedeniya til for replenishment with a special warehouse and equipment. Having been replenished with three squadrons of Il-2, the regiment from the end of Travnya, 1943. having started military villiots in the Kuban, and then Mousset on the Don. At this hour there were 206 shad at the warehouse. After the battles for Crimea near Travna 1944. The regiment was withdrawn from the army for replacement, and in Serpny 1944 it was transferred to the Baltic States, ending the war.

Leonid Reino, who commanded the 289th Shad, won the title of general.