What is the Bolognese lighting system? The Bolognese lighting system is in modern Russia. Main principles of the Bologna process

We encourage you to familiarize yourself with the peculiarities of the Bologna process and the results of its introduction into the Russian education system, as can already be seen today. And for starters, it is clear that the Bologna process and its goals were reexamined during its creation.

Since 2003 rock, since it was adopted in Russia Bolognese lighting system, in our community there is no debate: how effective can the Bologna process be in the minds of Russian activity and why is it needed? Tim more, that everything miraculously understands, the decorous lighting system does not bear out current vimogam, and that will require reforms. Only few people understand how these reforms may look and how they will approach us in the European countries and, for example, the Bologna system.

To clarify this, we encourage you to familiarize yourself with the peculiarities of the Bologna process and the results of its introduction into the Russian system of lighting, which are already noted today. And for starters, it is clear that the Bologna process and its goals were reexamined during its creation.

What is the Bologna Process?

Bologna process- organization of a single lighting space using the method of competitive lighting in relation to the lighting systems of Australia, Western America, Northern Asia and other regions where It is expected that there will be studies in European countries. The main plantings of this system:

1. Diplomas recognized in all countries participating in the Bologna system.

2. System illuminate everything What is the sum of three levels:

2.1. bachelor,

2.2. master's degree,

3. The system for transferring the accumulation of the initial year (for example, you can enter university St. Petersburg, listen I sing the knackness years, then go to Poland, and there will listen for a few years, as they will be recruited for the main place of origin. By the way, you can not just read it, but also manipulate, since you, of course, don’t have pennies).

At the same time, the Bologna system is oriented towards capturing young people with a set of competencies required from current realities (that is, oriented towards the real market of goods). American psychologists have stated that there is no evidence of robots, no graduate diploma from the prestigious VNZ do not guarantee the quality of the manufactured robot. This means that this may deprive a person of competence. It goes without saying that it is not good to confuse competence with competence.

Competence is the goal of achieving excellent results from work
competence is the necessary knowledge, skills and standards of behavior that allow one to achieve high results in work.

For today's day Various options descriptions of the concept "competence":

American approach - a description of the behavior of a sick person
European approach - description of work tasks and work results
Russia (and SND) - individual benefits, special berries and professional skills necessary for starting any kind of work.

It is significant that such comprehensive research is required to achieve the greatest possible brighten the light and the greatest profitability for various commercial companies: advertising, distribution, selling dietary supplements, etc.

The main thing is competence. And most importantly: competencies themselves are transformed into goods and can be sold. For example, until recently there was a demand for economics and lawyers, but today this demand has subsided, and young people have no need for additional competencies. Do you want to develop new competencies? No food, pay and gain new knowledge and skills!

It is important to understand that bachelor does not give a broad outlook. It provides only a small set of competencies that allow you to perform any one function. Thus, as soon as the competence is removed at the bachelor’s degree and is no longer required, then the functionary will no longer be in use. There is a wider range of knowledge, so you can learn more directly between one area of activity and get a taste of it in the master’s program. Doctoral studies are intended to prepare a specialist focused on fundamentality and creativity, capable of realizing his or her scientific activity. Unfortunately, it looks like we haven’t reached doctoral level yet. Therefore, this form of training is not popular among young people.

Results of the implementation of the Bologna system in Russia

What did you give? Bologna system in Russia? The first results, unfortunately, cannot be suppressed. And in schools, and in higher initial positions, specialties mean a decrease in the intensity of education. This is largely explained by the fact that the Bologna process of creation is exclusively for the countries of the European Union as an instrument for strengthening European integration. And while Russia is still not a member of the EU, it is ineffective on the territory of our region.

Zokrema, Bolognese land conveys a short-term beginning at VNZ from five to four rocks. And if we believe that in our schools there will be 11 rubles, instead of the European 12, our students spend less than 1 rub lighting process, that at the boundaries of illumination is practically an unlawful waste.

It should not be forgotten that the Bologna incentive process is based on a system of accumulating points. Kozhen University is the main base where they begin to calculate scores (and grades). Students can gain daily scores by standing on their similar shoes. And in order to eliminate the required number of points for admission to the gym or to sleep, Russian students choose to follow the path of the least support, choosing the easiest (and sometimes not at all necessary from a professional point of view) disciplines.

How does one evaluate the effectiveness of lighting?

Everything is clear at school - the effectiveness of the beginning is assessed for EDI results Although the rhubarb itself is the subject of great superstitions in both middle and high schools.

To be clear, not everything is so simple here. Today there are a number of ways to assess the effectiveness of a given lighting.

In this case, when assessing the brilliance, we mean:

jacuity rating lighting programs from a nearby subject
assessment initial programs in general
Yakist robot VNZ, robot vkladachiv, doslednitska robot
knowledge and practice of any educational programs, for example, student consultations.

Varto will gain respect for evaluation by professional experts, who are the most active victorists in America. It looks like this: associations, for example, lawyers and doctors ( community organizations), evaluate the program profile VNZ. It’s really hard to pick up the stench, the fragments are blood-soaked from the prestige of their profession.

To finalize, at this hour illuminate the market US initial mortgages lead the way. This depends on two important factors:

a high proportion of expenses for lighting (7% of GDP, approaching 1 trillion dollars, in Russia – close to 3.5% of GDP, in the penny case – 34 billion rubles)
The main sector of fundamental research is the development of science and knowledge, the main foundations. Russia and Europe have lighting centers scientific research separation.

These are the things we can easily take for pick-up

No one is surprised by the fact that in the USSR the very best system illuminate. Of course, they were not included in the previous rating lists of America or Europe, and without anyone, graduates of the Radyansky VNZ were “hand-snapped” from foreign companies. Nowadays, because of the decline in the lighting system of the USSR, Russian universities and schools will lose more high level. And today’s graduates of the Russian military institutes need to be outside the border. And all of this is because they are motivated by a broad outlook, and not by a simple set of competencies, as well as by cleverly preventing the loss of knowledge in practice and the achievement of social heritage any engineering solutions.

For Dobrime Rakhunk, our Kraokani is not for the bouquet to be alternately for the Rosieki mentality system, but the overtime system of the SRSR, the good proven for itself, which is parting for the tape of the Bologna process. For example, the Russian lighting system clearly does not stand up:

orientation to the real market;
student mobility;
development of innovative methods of development

And the axis further could be stepwise adjusted to other positions European lighting system.

What is the "Bologna Process"?"Bologna" is the name given to the process of creation of a common world space by the European countries. This cob was added to the signatures in 1999. from Bologna (Italy) the Bologna Declaration, which formulated the main goals that will lead to the achievement of completeness, harmonization of national lighting systems in countries of Europe. The proponents of the Bologna Declaration demand – and from the right – respect the Magna Carta of the Universities (Bologna, 1988) and the Sorbonne Declaration (Paris, 1998). It is expected that the main goals of the Bologna process will be achieved before 2010. Currently (2007) the Bologna Process unites 40 countries: Great Britain, Germany, Italy, France, Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Ugorshchina, Greece, Denmark, Ireland, Iceland, Spain , Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, the Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Finland, Czech Republic, Switzerland, Sweden, Estonia, Cyprus, Liechtenstein, Turkey, Croatia, Albania, Andorra, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Vatican City, Macedonia ія (“colossal Yugoslav Republic”), Serbia and Montenegro. Russia joined the Bologna process in 2003.

The Bologna process is a process of rapprochement and harmonization of lighting systems in the regions of Europe through the creation of a single European space of abundant lighting. The beginning of this can be traced back to the mid-1970s, when the Council of Ministers of the EU praised the Resolution on the first health education program in the sphere of education. The official date for the start of the process is set to be 19 June 1999, when at a special conference in Bologna, the ministers of education of 29 European powers praised the declaration of the “European Energy Zone” iti” or the Bologna Declaration. The Bologna process is open to the annexation of other countries. Previously, inter-order battles took place in Prague (2001), Berlin (2003), Bergen (2005), London (2007) and Louvain (2009). Nina The Bologna process will continue in 47 countries. It is reported that the main goals will be achieved before 2010.

Russia joined the Bologna process in the spring of 2003 at the hour of the Berlin meeting of ministers to illuminate the European countries. In 2005, the Minister of Light of Ukraine signed the Bologna Declaration in Bergen. In 2010, Budapest praised the remaining decision to join Kazakhstan before the Bologna Declaration. Kazakhstan is the first Central Asian power, recognized as a full member of the European world.

Many universities in Russia, Ukraine, and Kazakhstan have contributed to the implementation of the main directions of the Bologna process.

The main goals of the Bologna process. The goals of the process, which will be completed by 2010, are: to promote the European zone as a key to directly developing the mobility of communities with the possibility of practical implementation; shaping and valuing the intellectual, cultural, social and scientific and technological potential of Europe; increasing the prestige of the European high school in the world; ensuring the competitiveness of European universities with other educational systems in the fight for students, money, money; achievements of greater complexity and consistency national systems illuminate everything; increased lighting intensity; promoting the central role of universities in the development of European cultural values, in which universities are seen as bearers of European knowledge.

Main provisions of the Bologna Declaration. Meta declaration – establishment of a European high-lighting zone, as well as activation of a European high-lighting system on a light scale.

The Declaration contains these key provisions: 1. Promotion of the system of equal levels, including through the promotion of a diploma supplement to ensure the ability of European communities to practice and increase international competitiveness European system of high lighting. 2. Introduction of two-cycle training: advanced and post-graduate. The first cycle involves at least three fates. The other must lead to the master's level or the doctor's level. 3. Promotion of the European system of re-transfer of labor-intensive units in support of large-scale student mobility (loan system). It will also ensure that the student has the right to choose the disciplines to study. It is proposed to take as a basis the ECTS (European Credit Transfer System), which has developed as an accumulative system, and operates within the framework of the concept of beginning with the continuation of everyday life. 4. It is essential to expand the mobility of students (by aligning two front-line points). Expand the mobility of warehouse and other personnel by recording the period of time spent on work in the European region. Set standards for transnational coverage. 5. Adoption of European standards for baked yakness by developing equal criteria and methodology 6. Promotion of internal university yakity control systems to be completed and obtained to the current assessment. The importance of universities, students and employers 7. Bringing together the necessary European developments in the wider world, especially in Galusa, the development of inter-institutional sprouting, mobility schemes and training programs, practical training and scientific research.

Adherence to the Bologna process. Countries join the Bologna process voluntarily through the signing of a separate declaration. In this case, we take on the song of the cries, actions with which the terms are interchanged: since 2005, the fate began to be freely available to all graduates of your regions participating in the Bologna process European programs at a single time up to bachelor's and master's degrees; By 2010, national systems must be reformed in accordance with the main provisions of the Bologna Declaration.

How and for what purpose is the new creation of the European open space expected to be determined? The Bologna Declaration has 6 main tasks, the most important of which are transmitted to the whole of Europe in the light of the day. This includes the promotion of intelligent, equal qualifications among high-level students, the transition to a dual-access system of high-level education (bachelor's - master's degrees), the introduction of labor assessment (courses, programs, education) tazheniya) in the terms of commercial units (loans) and the presentation of the initial program in the supplement to the diploma, education which is divided by UNESCO, increasing the mobility of students, investors and administrative and management personnel (ideally, every student can spend at least a semester in another university, preferably foreign), ensuring the necessary supply and in high light, mutual recognition of qualifications and supporting documents from Galusa in high light, ensuring the autonomy of vehicles. It is customary to talk about the 10th commandment: before the previous formulations, the introduction of graduate school into the outer system of high illumination (like the third level), giving the “European world” high illumination (its orientation towards the outer world) is added European values) and increased profitability, competitiveness of the European world, the implementation of the social role of the world illumination, accessibility, development of a system of additional illumination (so-called “Illumination through the long course of life”). In addition, it is becoming increasingly common to talk about the outer European light and the last space.

Why did the Dussya insist on the need for political reforms in the Bologna process? Europe is all in big world I realize that I am one and the same. Everything is illuminated in a sphere that significantly influences those who form a marriage, so the fragmentation and strictness of lighting systems crosses the whole of Europe. United Europe transfers a lot of oversupply of labor (labor power), goods and capital, due to the need for uniformity of qualifications in people of higher education, without which there is a need for oversupply of high qualifications Forged personnel are impossible. In conclusion, the world of light is becoming a highly profitable area of business, in which the United States occupies a leading position. Europe can only rely on successful competition in this area. Russia is far less integrated into European structures and processes, even less so into the European Union. Is it possible for it to “adhere” to a united Europe – or better preserve its role as a megasystem, which is equal to Western Europe and other megasystems? First of all, the Russian lighting system, the foundations of which were laid by Peter the Great, has European roots; It seems logical to accept the change in this system, which historically served as the prototype model of the food system. In other words, the European Union accounts for over 50% of Russian foreign trade and other foreign economic ties; These connections are realized in front of people with great illumination: since their illumination can be equalized, the connections can be improved and maintained more easily. Thirdly, self-sufficiency does not have to turn into isolation - mutuality is inevitable; mutually transmits the accepted rules and, being “in the middle” of the process, it is much easier to make decisions that define the accepted rules.

How will Russia change its mind to implement the principles of the Bologna process? In accordance with the Law on the search for professional and post-graduate education, in the Russian Federation it was transferred to the search for education for such a name. direct training, which is subject to the same two-level education (formally, a three-step level, since the Law also transfers an unqualified level of education in the form of a certified diploma, but this level has practically no requirements). The first level is bachelor's degree (normative term of beginning 4 years), the other is master's degree (standard term of beginning 2 years). When this system was introduced, it was transferred that there were ready-made personnel for the fields of science of that school. I give credit to the traditional light for Russia for such a sound. specialties (the normative term is based on 5 risks from the qualification of “disciplinary fakhivets”); This system is “unintelligible” for most European countries. The reason for Russia's entry into the Bologna process is to take into account the European and, more broadly, international spirit, typical of Russian knowledge, and to bring fidelity to the principle of the continuity of the knowledge of science, to the original Humboldt and Leibniz.

What are the advantages of the courtyard system of high lighting? Nina's knowledge is getting old quickly. Therefore, it is important to give the graduate a wide range of training and learn how to improve his knowledge, skills and knowledge in the consumer world. The bachelor's degree (from different systems- From 3 to 4 days). The master's degree (including 1 - 2 degrees) transfers a large specialization, often the master's student focuses on scientific research and/or laying work. It is necessary to say that even a bachelor’s degree gives a completed education, and a graduate with a bachelor’s diploma can apply for full-time positions, for which, according to the current regulatory framework, it is transferred to a completed education.

What does the Bologna process mean for the transition of all specialties to the courtyard lighting system? For us, the Bologna process will be based on goodwill and nothing from its participants, strictly speaking, will matter. Its main meta is the insight, ingenuity, intelligence of the natural light systems, the possibility of an easy transition from one system to another. Practice different countries Whose plan doesn’t work out. For example, in most countries, medical education retains its traditional “one-level” structure, although Great Britain has the qualifications “Bachelor of Medicine”, “Bachelor of Dentistry”, “Bachelor of Surgery” too bad. Vzagali nini lighting systems Western European countries are still far from monotony; How close the stench will get closer - show me in the future. Every day, the documents of the Bologna process consistently proclaim that the national uniqueness of lighting systems is a hidden European wealth.

Why not switch to a courtyard system until the quality of public lighting decreases? Did you realize that the bachelor is not in sync with the traditional “five-fold” fakhiv, even though it starts with a river (or two) less? The power of illumination is not abstract power; high (sufficient) versatility – this is the maximum (sufficient) consistency of this task that may be completed during the preparation of the preparation of this level. Ideally, as soon as the assignment is completed, the design of initial programs can begin, leading to the achievement of another academic level: it is necessary (with the help of experts, from the receipt of potential workers And in other particularities) you can determine the extent to which you can again gain knowledge, skills, and beginners. , which is the fault of the mother of the graduate who has mastered the program. Next, you need to establish what activities (lectures, seminars, practices, etc.) will ensure the acquisition of transferable knowledge, skills, and skills. In addition to this, we believe that a student’s daily commitment to a student is reasonable (at the Russian high school, such a commitment is recognized in 54 years, including 27 classrooms), the expected result is trivial zhalny terminu Getting started with the simplest arithmetic operations. This is a great work of “construction” of new programs, in essence, only begins, but we can say from afar that for different specialties (direct training) greater professional awareness is required, more than for all, different terms navchannya. It is possible to assume already that the term of study in a bachelor’s degree can vary from 3 to 5 years, and in a master’s degree – from 1 to 2 or up to 3 years.

What is the economical approach to the courtyard system? Isn’t there a massive reduction in the preparation of bachelors with their short term, as a rule, just to protect the state’s money? Neither sector of the “paid” lighting in Russia is subject to obligation to the budget sector, so the nutritional “economy” of lighting becomes less forgiving. At any time, however, it is necessary to accept that there may be not only different levels, but also different types of light: the elite light may be available on a large scale. It’s clear that the masses are looking for the lighting of the fruit to be “cheap”, but it’s not possible to get better lighting. Mass coverage does not at all mean “low-quality”, “reduced in price”: it indicates the widespread nature of the problems that may arise from a graduate with a high-level diploma (for example, an operating engineer). In addition, the shortening of the terms allows graduates to get to work earlier in their professional activity, which is important both for themselves and for marriage (the rapid turnover of light cycles is so important , as a fast turnover of capital). To understand any type of situation, optimization of the initial process, advanced application methods, lighting technologies, etc. are necessary. There is no need to add impassable boundaries between mass and vegetal lighting: lighting can now be continued both “horizontally” and “vertically”.

What is the modular principle of per-lighting programs? However, the concept of the module is not “in the Bologna style”, so it’s not entirely different authors. At the same time, it became clear that it was necessary to achieve a wide expansion, and most importantly the program itself, which adheres to such principles of the Bologna process as the autonomy of universities in the designated area of initiation, individualization. Under the module, there is often a block of disciplines that create mutual coherence in the program warehouse, which can be regarded as a logical substructure in the middle of the overall structure of the program. The world of independence of the lighting module is indicated by its specific thematic closure. The module is informed by the total amount of cash units (credits) and the level of visibility, control over the acquisition of new knowledge and/or knowledge? represented by the module; This can be done by self-monitoring the established rules. The results of the information can be immediately used as input control, which precedes the transition before mastering the new module. The modular framework is especially effective for interdisciplinary (multidisciplinary) programs that need to organically integrate the approaches of a large number of disciplines, often adding different ones that are representative of the module. In the master's program, saving the invariant part and changeable modules, it is “manual” to provide various specializations.

How can we understand the thesis about the social responsibility of universities, which is included in the documents of the Bologna process? As has been said before, I believe it is clear that there is an important role to play in the processes that are the initial main parameters of marriage. This, of course, means that you are concluding the function of molding regulators, changing and supporting social structures. This is more specifically manifested in the future. First of all, it is important to establish, first of all, universities that are responsible for the transfer of knowledge – for the transfer of knowledge, knowledge, knowledge from generation to generation, without which the university clearly cannot support its foundation and develop. In other words, at universities - a significant world (in Russia) and it is important (to begin with) - to “do science”, and again, the development of marriage is important. Thirdly, most of the initial deposits will go to the support of professionals of the singing level, without whose participation the national economy and culture cannot function, order and security will be ensured. Fourthly, your family is preparing for marriage - in the sphere of politics, economics, science, culture; Regardless of who is prepared as an elite, there is always a share of the marriage. It will be decided, in turn, that most initial deposits will significantly alleviate the dissolution of social barriers in the spouses: the very attainment of greater illumination depends on the change of mind, the advancement of social status, moving around verticals from one social sphere to another. Without this, social barriers were created from generation to generation, changing the development of our marriage and giving rise to social stress. From what has been said, it follows that the success is already focused on the maximum availability of high-quality illumination, from the transition to the highest possible illumination of everything that may be of similar importance, regardless of d social, economic and geographical factors. The documents of the Bologna process are being called upon. It is possible that most initial deposits can play a significant role in the development of their regions.

How, within the framework of the Bologna process, is the nutrition about the quality of life and the middle light destroyed? Strictly speaking, the Bologna process does not deal (yet?) with the middle light as a special problem. It is confirmed that there are some differences, which is why the principles of the Bologna process “implement”, so that, say, a bachelor’s diploma begins with a minimum of 15 years (12 years at school and no less than 3 at a bachelor’s degree), it’s bad in They demonstrate effectiveness. Nowadays the problem is of great and moderate light and objectively extremely important. Already, UNESCO's 1995 program document was dedicated to the education of nutritionists and reforms, calling for the need to create a “planned gap” between school and university education. The school lays the foundation for education, and the success of mastering the university program is not I'll stay with you lie under the school lighting. A good level of schooling improves the chances of entering a university and thereby working for the education available. In Russia and, previously, in the Radyansky Union, the onset of university education at school was formally revealed in principle, which is why it was forbidden to include nutrition before the entrance program before university, which would go beyond the scope of school ї programs (due to the current Rules for admission to universities, “defended “to gain from applicants the knowledge of the general school programs”, this principle is not completely resolved by the remaining fates). In some western countries, however, it is not important that a school “certificate of maturity” is sufficient for admission to the next level. For example, in France (which until recently preserved, perhaps, the most complex system of high education) the most prestigious, elite and initial deposits are the so-called Schools (Grandes Ecoles). The illumination in them is appreciated richly, even more universally. Since you can enter the Sorbonne and other universities immediately after completing your undergraduate degree with a bachelor's certificate, before entering the Ecole you are required to undergo courtyard training in “preparatory classes” (classes preparatoires). Classes are meant to “bring up to condition” the study, to give you the knowledge that is necessary for the development of a high level of illumination, but not provided (or provided insufficiently) by the average illumination. A similar function was created in England so called Matriculation Classes for schoolchildren (also known as Abiturklassen in Nimechchina); Mostly for adults, Great Britain has licensed “Access to Higher Education Programs” courses, which also include a certificate that allows you to apply for higher education. Another analogue of this approach is the preparation of the department, which is possible with rich Russian wealth. Unfortunately, the evidence from the preparatory department was not collected or evaluated. Of course, it is necessary to explicitly recognize the diversity of information provided by different universities (as well as different schools), and develop different ideas from this. One of these developments may be the need to develop a measure of preparatory departments during the implementation of the program, aimed at least (at least not least) at increasing the chances of entering the market, and at “promotion” » I'll show you the initial program. On the right, while formally the Russian high school of light wants to be respected – and called – “professional” (the foreign systems of high light do not introduce such a distinction), in fact, approximately 20% of the initial hour at VNZ is given to the outside discipline m (tse cycles to the federal component “humanitarian and social” -economic disciplines" and "natural disciplines"). The problem is complex. On the one hand, the disciplines of the GSE and EP cycles are incredibly important, they have an obscure scientific and light-sighted character, and anticipate the one-sidedness of the academic professional. Otherwise, they deprive the sufficient space for the discipline of specialization and place the Russian student at a disadvantage compared to a student at a foreign university, where there are no such great hidden courses; The development of comprehensive lighting programs is especially indicated. It is possible, the frequent vihid Polegav -bi sama at the transmitted sagged puzzles to Shkіynoye with signs (lifting, Bilshha Partni Projections of the Z -Earth Movili), and the Glasses - to the projections of the piddogovic viddіliel (Yaki once by an alternative to private rehenteema). This problem will require further investigation and, most likely, further experiments.

What is the main position of the participants in the Bologna process regarding the provision of secondary special education? In this country, the level of modern and western European systems is objectively difficult: in most western countries there is no understanding of the average special illumination. Practically everything in the post-secondary world is taken into account by the second – the “tertiary” (tertiary) as opposed to the middle (secondary). For example, the education that a nurse receives in a medical college is highly respected. In Russia, there is also a tendency to promote the status of colleges (mostly large technical schools) and to give them the right to assign a bachelor's degree. It is clear that such a position cannot be tolerated. From a formal point of view, the qualification “bachelor”, which has not yet been fully established in the economic system, will be subject to erosion - it will be introduced to the edge of the unborn plutanin until the status of this qualification is announced. From a different point of view, a trace of recognition, it is incredible that there is still a basic “middle lane” (a master in manufacturing, a nurse in medicine, an operator in the service sector, etc.), the level of competence, the level of making decisions Singing professionalism, but also attracting great illumination . It is clear that this is a difficult problem of the need to overcome the path of rigorous development (set of functions, competencies, etc.), which hangs before the initial graduate of a similar field of professional activity.

Bologna process: problems and prospects / ed. MM. Lebedevy. - Moscow: Orgservis-2000, 2006. - ISBN 5-98115-066-1

Dialogue of organizational cultures in the created foreign European expanse of great illumination: Implementation of the principles of the Bologna process in international lighting programs with the participation of Russia/S. .TO. Pogorsky; Moscow humanizes. University, Institute of Fundamentals. that butt. follow-up; Mizhnar. acad. Sciences, Ved. humanizes. Sciences Rus. sections. - M.: View Moscow humanizes. un-tu, 2010. – 260 p. - 100 copies. - ISBN 978-5-98079-651-8

Implementation of the Bologna process in the countries of the Tempus project (2009/2010). – Brussels, 2010. – T. 2.

Reform in Russia has always been a difficult task. The last innovation in Russia was the transition to the Bologna system. Whenever there was a lot of evidence, there was a lot of evidence. Some voices were those of opponents of the collapse of the USSR. Others are adherents of globalization, saying, “greater Europe has such a Bologna system, and in order to integrate with the free democratic world, we need to develop such a system of education.” you, how they have it!” Why has our lighting become the same as that of Europe, what are the real advantages of the Bologna lighting system, and what did Russia deny by changing the lighting process? This is based on the opinion of the leading expert, the head of OOD "Reform - New Course" Sergiy Zhuravsky.

Sergey Volodymyrovych, due to the tension in Ukraine, internal problems seem to have been forgotten. Even now, school graduates will enter the University of New Zealand and begin to acquire light in the spring. Why did we become closer for the sake of light to Europe?

First of all, I want to inform you about those that we were able to get closer to Europe. Version: no. I Main reason for the fact that the world did not have and does not have such a lighting system, which would be close to the radiant one. Everyone knows it - both in Russia and beyond the border. The successes of Radian enlightenment can be measured by the scientific achievements that were achieved in the USSR, and not simply by the great baggage of the critics. The other lighting system could not produce anything like this.

Now for nutritional integration. Thus, the initial introduction to the Bologna system of education was as follows: by entering the VNZ, which works under the Bologna system, the student can move on to another one, which also works under the Bologna system. So, in theory, a student from a Russian language can move on to any European language. Ale tse lesche theoretically. In reality, everything is not very simple. And most often it’s just pointless. Dovidkovo: in the EU, diplomas seeking education are legally recognized only within the framework of the European Union. If your Russian citizenship is a participant in the Bologna process, then your diploma will not be recognized in the EU territory. And just like that. If you are certified in the EU, your diploma will not be recognized by Russia. Tse in direct meaning can be called legal and substantive discrimination.

– So, the Bologna system is not suitable for Russia?

It is important to understand that this system was created for Europe, and as a means of creating a single European space of greater light. Moreover, the Bologna system is a tool for strengthening European integration. For Russia, since it has no intention of joining the EU, this system makes no sense.

- Does it have no advantages for Russia?

Pluses, but they are not insured in European countries. The greatest advantage of this system is the attempt to unify and standardize the lighting system. However, this is necessary for the member states of the European Union, and not for Russia. In another way, we can say that from the perspective of globalization, the Bologna system allows for a policy of internationalization, the appreciation of cultural, political and economic ties.
Thirdly, the possibility of changing the place of study for students and work for depositors will increase. These are the things I was talking about that demonstrate the primary nutrition. Having entered one I hang in one region, I move on to another in another region. There are three obvious advantages, including the following: A competitive market of facsimiles is being created with great light. Gnuchka system change the preparation profile. The two-level lighting system makes it possible to promote professional excellence. First a bachelor's degree, and then a master's degree. It is also possible to obtain a bachelor's degree in one specialty, and a master's degree in another.

These advantages are not entirely suitable for Russian reality. Are the minuses so “European” anymore?

The minuses, of course, are no longer European. First of all, the Bolognese treat is respected under the distinction of elitist and non-elite. In Russia, for example, Moscow and St. Petersburg national universities rejected their special status and did not take part in the Bologna process. In the same way, the hour begins from five to four rocks. This cannot but point out the importance of preparing students. Those who in Europe receive average coverage for 12 years, and in the Russian Federation 11 years, are not covered. It turns out that at any time we spend the river of the illumination process equal to the EU. And within the framework of education, this is a great waste, so it is important to replenish.

Thirdly, this policy of unification is of great importance, without respecting national cultural and cultural traditions. Everything is reduced to one faceless European format. The next person will have more problems with the initial process and will accept new ones sovereign standards, and increased qualifications of the professorial and scientific warehouse. The Bolognese system is the same as the Baliv system. The main meta is to collect the required number of balls. Skin disease is the main basis for which students obtain grades. Otherwise, you have to gain other ratings based on your goals and achievements. And the fragments for cooking and drinking will require less balls, then everything, obviously, will take the path of less support.

In conclusion, the goals of the Bologna process are to direct the economic recovery of the guilty countries and to promote economic activities. Workers and students are becoming more mobile, and the entire expanse of Europe opens up before them. Nowadays, the most recent economic developments are calmly moving towards European countries, and the wage level is quite high. Just as the brain turns on the crust of rich edges, the economically poor edges are even poorer.

- Not the brightest prospect for Russia...

Same. I think it would be better if we preserved the Radyan standard of study, which served as a fundamental basis for the integration of the Eurasian Union, and did not adhere to EU standards, which we do not at all need to meet. The justice system requires reform, and reform may be related to the social security of investors. Increases in their salaries and increased spending on science. It is not our fault to mindlessly copy everything, but rather to take advantage of this evidence from certain areas, without forgetting about our mentality, which is radically different from the European one. In the meantime, we have an enhanced-action bomb in the lighting system. It has a boomerang effect. Aje Kolya Khtos is namahas, the bore of the nursing of the duck, in Rozrakhunku on the estrate of vіd Yakikhos, the plums plus, it is too early to give it to the їkhnіkhniy chi yuykiv, for the veneers of the row, the bottom is the likes of the lower.

As a matter of fact, Russia’s current lighting system requires plenty of power. In place of the single European expanse of greater illumination, not very clear prospects have emerged. Copying existing models and structures will not lead to modernization, but to waste and waste in a dead-end situation.

With the beginning of the new millennium, a system of extensive lighting in most European countries Kolyshny SRSR As a result of the Bologna process, she recognized the change. The official start of the Bologna system begins on the date of June 19, 1999, when representatives from 29 countries signed the Bologna Declaration. Today's transition to the Bologna system was praised by 47 countries that became participants in the process.

The Bolognese lighting system aims to bring lighting to uniform standards and create an open space for illumination. It is obvious that isolated lighting systems have always become a barrier for students and graduates of Vishiv, for the development of science in the European region.

Main principles of the Bologna process

The introduction of a system of certified diplomas, so that all graduates of the region have the same minds at the time of practice.
The creation of the courtyard system of higher education in the First Riven - after 3-4 years of beginning, as a result of which the student receives a diploma in higher education and a bachelor's degree. Another rhubarb (not compulsory) - over a period of 1-2 years, the student completes a singing specialization, as a result of which he attains the master’s level. The decision is lost to the student. The Bolognese lighting system has contributed to the improvement of the consumer market. The student has a choice - to graduate from the job after 4 years or to continue learning and engage in scientific and research activities.
The introduction of universal credit transfer and accumulation systems (ECTS) at universal universities. The Bolognese system of assessment of the surface is carried out through the entire lighting program. One credit is worth an average of 25 initial years spent on lectures, self-victimization item, folded. Consider, universities set their schedule in such a way that you can accumulate 30 credits per semester. Students’ participation in Olympiads and conferences is calculated with additional credits. As a result, a student can earn a bachelor's degree with 180-240 years of credits, and a master's degree with 60-120 more credits.
The credit system gives us and students freedom of movement. Since the Bolognese system for assessing the removal of knowledge has become clearer in the skin-involving process, then transferring from one level to another will not be problematic. Before speaking, the credit system is in trouble not only for students, but also for depositors. For example, moving to another country that is subject to the Bologna system will not be included in the work experience; all work in the region will be insured and accredited.

Pros and cons of the Bologna system

The nutritional pros and cons of the Bolognese lighting system is being destroyed all over the world. America, regardless of its preoccupation with the sleepy, illuminated space, has not yet become a participant process through dissatisfaction with the credit system. The USA has a rich assessment large quantity factors and a simplified system do not control Americans. The small parts of the Bolognese system are visible in the vast expanse. The Bologna lighting system in Russia was adopted in 2003, and two years later the Bologna lighting system became relevant in Ukraine. First of all, in these countries, a bachelor’s degree is not yet accepted as a full-fledged one, and employers are in no hurry to graduate. In another way, such a plus as the mobility of students, the possibility of increasing prices and is considered a ban for most academic papers, as a result of which it transfers large financial costs.

First of all, I want to inform you about those that we were able to get closer to Europe. Version: no. And the main reason is that the world did not have and does not have such a lighting system that would be close to the Radyansky one. Everyone knows it - both in Russia and beyond the border. The successes of Radian enlightenment can be measured by the scientific achievements that were achieved in the USSR, and not simply by the great baggage of the critics. The other lighting system could not produce anything like this.

Now for nutritional integration. Thus, the initial introduction to the Bologna system of education was as follows: by entering the VNZ, which works under the Bologna system, the student can move on to another one, which also works under the Bologna system. So, in theory, a student from a Russian language can move on to any European language. Ale tse lesche theoretically. In reality, everything is not very simple. And most often it’s just pointless. Dovidkovo: in the EU, diplomas seeking education are legally recognized only within the framework of the European Union. If your Russian citizenship is a participant in the Bologna process, then your diploma will not be recognized in the EU territory. And just like that. If you are certified in the EU, your diploma will not be recognized by Russia. This, in a direct sense, can be called legal and public discrimination.

– So, the Bologna system is not suitable for Russia?

- Does it have no advantages for Russia?

These advantages are not entirely suitable for Russian reality. Are the minuses so “European” anymore?

The minuses, of course, are no longer European. First of all, the Bolognese treat is respected under the distinction of elitist and non-elite. In Russia, for example, the Moscow and St. Petersburg State Universities were denied a special status and did not take part in the Bologna process. In the same way, the hour begins from five to four rocks. This cannot but point out the importance of preparing students. Those who in Europe receive average coverage for 12 years, and in the Russian Federation 11 years, are not covered. It turns out that at any time we spend the river of the illumination process equal to the EU. And within the framework of education, this is a great waste, so it is important to replenish.

Thirdly, this policy of unification is of great importance, without respecting national cultural and cultural traditions. Everything is reduced to one faceless European format. The future goal will have more problems with the initial process, the adoption of new national standards and the improvement of the qualifications of the professorial and warehouse warehouse. The Bolognese system is the same as the Baliv system. The main meta is to collect the required number of balls. Skin disease is the main basis for which students obtain grades. Otherwise, you have to gain other ratings based on your goals and achievements. And the fragments for cooking and drinking will require less balls, then everything, obviously, will take the path of less support.

- Not the brightest prospect for Russia...