Wooden chapels of Russia.

Golovna

Repair and self-development

Trees were an important part of the architectural decline of Russia, especially in traditional villages outside the region.

For over a thousand years, until the 18th century, literally all buildings were made from wood, including budinki, komori, mlini, princely palaces and temples.

It began with simple wooden domes, but over the course of centuries, wooden architecture in Russia has reached such a world of sophistication that the beauty of some of these religious complexes is still drowning.

Particularly valuable are the traditional wooden churches of the Night of Russia.

The Church of the Transfiguration in Kizhi is made of yalin planks, and its domes are covered with aspen.

The design of these folding superstructures also provided an effective ventilation system, which ultimately saved the structure of the church from decay.

This massive church, about 37 meters high, was carved out of wood throughout, making it one of the most carved spores in the world. In the process of waking up, there was no vikorista of the water plant. Throughout the 1950s, dozens of other churches from various parts of Karelia were moved to the island using conservation methods, and today 80 historic wooden structures are being built

National Museum

under the open sky.

2. Church near Suzdal

Near Suzdal (Volodymyr region) you can find, for example, 4 famous wooden churches, built between the 13th and 18th centuries.

The works are exhibits to the Museum of Wooden Architecture, created in Suzdal.

3. Church of All Saints near Surgut

The Church in the Name of All Saints in the Siberian Land, which was born in Surgut, was founded in 2002 following all the canons of Orthodox architecture - a wooden structure without iron.

And they elected him at that very place, where the Cossacks fell asleep in the place and woke up the first church.

Church of the Nativity of the Blessed Virgin Mary

The Church of the Resurrection of the Blessed Virgin Mary was founded in 1531 in the village of Peredki.
Years ago it was moved to the Vitoslavice Sky Museum. 4. Church of Elisha the Ugodnik on Sidozero Church of the Holy Prophet

The Church of Elisha on Sidozero did not rise to any high lists (and travelers) in the middle of the last century - perhaps, through its century and style, and at the same time completely neglected and neglected, it came into disrepair - it is too Ilosya, emovіrno, rokiv 5- 10, until you change into rumun. , - Stylish beauty of the church - through centuries of uninterrupted and extremely profitable life

5. Church of the Resurrection of Christ, Suzdal

The Resurrection Church from the village of Potakino was transported to Suzdal.

This church was founded in 1776.

Particularly visible in it is the jingle, which was instilled before the church itself.

6. Church of St. George the Victorious in Maly Korely

From the very beginning, the Church in the name of St. George of Victory was founded in the village of Vershynya in 1672.

At the time of reconstruction, it was transported to the Arkhangelsk State Museum of Wooden Architecture and Folk Mystery “Mali Koreli”.

Verkhnyaya Sanarka is a small village near the Plastivsky district of the Chelyabinsk region.

Whenever the Cossacks hesitated here.

There are plenty of people to visit this village today to see a unique monument - the wooden church of the icon of the Mother of God “Quick to Hear”.

This marvelous church was built three times - from 2002 to 2005. The uniqueness of the church is due to the ancient Russian technology of wooden architecture. Budivelniks specially went to Kizhi to study this mastery.

It is important to believe that this is a temple of awakenings without a thirsty flower.

The wooden structures are infiltrated with special rivets that protect them from fire and rot.

14. Church of the Transfiguration of the Lord, village of Nimenga.

The village is located on the birch of the White Sea.

The Nemenga River flows around the temple on three sides.

The photographs were taken in the dark about another year of night.

The temple is even greater beyond its size. At this time, restoration is required. 15. Chapel of St. Zosimi and Savatiya Solovetsky, village of Semenivske.

This is how the chapel of St. Zosimi and Savathia of Solovetsky looks after their holy work.

Based on stone temples, wooden churches have been built in Russia for a long time.

For the development of wooden churches there were all the necessary skills, because in our lands, especially the forest ones, there would be many made from wood, and the masters would do a good job with their craft.

About those, which was the ancient wooden church architecture, they saved some information.

One of the chronicles tells about the wooden church of St.

Sofia near Novgorod.

The Tatar yoke, one can let go with eulogy, did not sink right into the middle of the trees of the temple;

accept, did not interrupt the established traditions. The main architectural techniques of ancient Russian teslyarsky design - both artistic and constructive - have changed little and have become less stable to the way of internal life of Russia, gradually being rebuilt, and have essentially become deprived of such , like the bulls of old. For example, XV century - on the cob of the XVI century.

With the influx of new minds, life has changed a lot in the further development of stone church life.

Wooden architecture itself played a significant role in the formation of new forms in stone everyday life.

Such stone churches, such as the Ascension at Kolomenskoye and the Intercession “on the moat”, carry with them the traditions and constructive solutions of wooden architecture.

This is a very significant influx of architecture, the wooden temples continued to develop in their own unhurried order, now established.

The main material for everyday life, most importantly 507 large ones, are logs (horses and slugs), with a length of 8 to 18 m and a diameter of about half a meter or more.

Three decks were hewn with beams (the deck was hewn using chotiri kanti).

To wash the substrate, logs were stacked and split into two parts (plates).

From the decks, after additional wedges (chopped at the end), boards (tes) were cut off.

To coat the roofing coating, a lamella (shingle) was prepared from aspen planks.

During everyday life, two methods of fastening decks were traditionally used: “in the area” - for additional cutting in the ends of the decks, and “in the paw” (“at the edge”) - in which type there are no outlet ends, and the ends themselves were so viral that they were spitting one with one teeth, or “paws”.

The rows of collected crowns were called cuts or feet.

Suvor's school of life was based on the newly formed churches, which gradually called for the creation of works that were striking in their simplicity and at the same time with their unique purity and harmony.

Main types of wooden church architecture

Chaplets, dzvinitsi

Before we begin to describe the main types of wooden church architecture, it is necessary to know about the simplest forms of wooden church architecture.

Before such spores there are drops and calls.

Kaplitsa, worship the chrest, because the icons in the icon cases were the indispensable companions of the Russian people for a long time.

A great stench wafted throughout the Russian land.

To the folded type we can include rings, which were made from cuts of different shapes (either sided or octagonal).

The stench grew high and often ended in a streak, ending a small division.

In Pivnoch Rus, they more often cut zvinitsi “with excess”; in central Russia they respected the better rubat “in the paw”.

The most extensive type of night was combined.

For greater durability, the bottom of the ring was cut into a square, which was then placed into an octagonal cut, topped with a tent.

This is how the broadest type on Pivnocha became known.

The simplest and largest buildings in the world were the temples, which were similar to simple houses and were divided into a cross or a small dome.

The remains appeared as a succession, asking everyone to inherit the stone temples.

Climatic minds, first of all, were the reason why the shapes of the domes took on a completely different appearance from the lower stone domes of Byzantine temples.

After about an hour, the shapes of the wooden sections were completely formed and acquired a completely different, original and unique appearance.

This is how the first type of wooden church was called - the cage.

The peculiarity of the ancient churches of the cellular type was that the roofs were not laminated on the roofs, but the continuation of the entrance and exit walls, which gradually converged finally.

The walls between each other creaked with blood, where the covering was installed.

From the XVIII century.

Dakhas in the “barrel” shape began to be used more often.

“Bank” they blocked the vіvtar or vikorized this form for installing the head.

This method was widely used in everyday life and was widely mastered.

The “barrels” were always covered with a ploughshare.

It is not easy to follow the evolution of the forms of this type of temple.

In the opinion of the descendants, the first type of temple - “marking on a quadrangle square” - has not reached us.

The other one is respected by seniority in form, like an eight-piece with a mantle, which is the ancient cut and does not have the vestibule - the temple-staff. There were already very few such temples, and life was not preserved. The third form consisted of a front porch, a refectory and a gallery on three sides (the Church of St. Nicholas in the village of Lyavlya, Arkhangelsk region, XVI century).

The fourth form was folded from the front one and there were two additional boundaries. In ancient times, such a temple was called “about 20 walls” or “round” (Church of the Savior on Kokshengu, XVII century). wooden temples.

The simplicity of the forms and the simplicity of the rustic appearance were given up in favor of a folding composition and additional decorative additions.

The further development of this will be the way of compiling the basic forms. From the middle of the 17th century. There will be temples, the top part of which is small and looks like it has two tiers.

The bottom shape is square, and the top shape is vertical.

Among such churches we can name the Mikyil Church of the Trinity Monastery (1602–1605) on Belomorya.

The varied activities of Patriarch Nikon could not help but touch upon wooden church architecture.

The Patriarch defended the rubati hipped churches as those that do not correspond to long-standing traditions, since only the round spherical dome exemplified the idea of the universal character of the Church.

Alas, the fence was never broken.

The tented temples chewed rubati, although much less.

At this time, attempts are underway to mold wood into the shape of the “sanctified five-domed” stone temples (church in the village of Ishma, Arkhangelsk province, XVII century).

To the greatest extent possible, when the front forms were removed, multi-tiered churches were erected, which began to be built from the end of the 17th century.

The most simple tiered structure can be called the Church of the Virgin Mary (1652) from the village of Kholm.

A significant composition stands in front of the Church of St.

ap.

Of particular interest are architectural ensembles. In the history of wooden temple construction there are two types of such compositions. The first one is that the church was erected in front of her.

The other is the summer church, the winter church and the dzvinitsya (the summer “triple”).

Architectural ensembles were formed step by step, the old ones were replaced one by one, and a unique architectural look was formed over the years.

One of the oldest ensembles that has survived to this day is located in the village of Verkhnyaya Mudyuga on the Mudyuga River, which flows into the Onega.

The iconostases are extremely simple and sophisticated, outnumbering the number of icons that could stand on the panels.

The same color of the iconostasis was the Tsar's Gate, with a small column on the sides and a "crown" with a basma color.

The carving was decorated with paintings in a number of colors with the emphasis on a bright red color.

Like temples, their buildings were carefully carved from wood.

The first ones are those that are composed of three or four cuts, placed one on top of the other along one axis (Mikilsky Church in the village of Kolodny (1470); Church of the Holy Spirit in the village of Potelich, Lviv region (1502)).

Most often, such temples have many tiers with great galleries.

Another type consists of churches that have the shape of a cross on the plan, in which galleries were not controlled by the folding structure.

Crassing the temples of the same bugato -tower (Epiphany Church of the Kuteyan Monaster 1626; the Troitskoye Council of Monastir Monastir (1691); Triyatsky Cathedral at the Novomoskovsk Dnipropetrovskoi Rusti) 1775–1780)).

The first stage was the appearance of many-tiered temples, where the head part was small, with several cuts that were presented one above the other, and represented the crown.

The lower tier was cut in the shape of a quadrangle, and the upper tier was cut into a vertical shape.

The temples gradually changed in height and in size. The need to give the churches a “stony look” led to the fact that on Evening Day they began to be covered with planks and painted in light colors. The doors, heads, and baths were covered with licks.

Great systematic research was carried out by R.M.

Gabe, P.M.

Maksimovim, A.V. Opolovnikova, Yu.S. Ushakovim.

After the Yellow Revolution of 1917 They placed wooden church architecture on the borderline of complete poverty.

Scientific research has begun.

19 / 10 / 2007

Until the 18th century, all buildings in Russia were made from wood.

Nina smells like the architectural decline of the region.

The Russian architecture of the table is so beautiful and sophisticated that it will make you choke on all sorts of occasions. Particularly valuable are the traditional wooden churches of the Russian Night. It is evident that the majority of the churches are very surprised.

Church of the Transfiguration of the Lord near Kizhi

Kizhi Island is located in Karelia on the territory of Lake Onezkoye.

He himself is quite photogenic.

Kizkiy Tsvintar is a complex that includes the Church of the Transfiguration of the Lord.

And a monument that is protected for its architecture and historical significance.

The wooden church is respected as the main monument of the tsvintar.

The height of the church is 37 meters.

The church was built in the traditions of the Russian metalworking craft - without flowers (behind the “pink” on the blades of the domes there are stinks “buried” by small flowers).