Topographically, the scent brain is divided into two divisions: peripheral and central.

Before peripheral child be seen:

Nyukhova cibulina, bulbus olfactorius;

sniff tract, tractus olfactorius;

scent tricot, trigonum olfactorium;

The anterior mouth is perforated, substantia perforata anterior.

Central Viddil:

Sklepinchasta zvivina, gyrus fornicatus;

Toothed zvivina, gyrus dentatus;

Hippocampus, hippocampus.

The main passageways of the scent brain are sealed with crypts, as if they were started by the narrow-eyed fringe of the amon horn. From the skin side, the stench rises from the lower horn of the flank to splenium corporis callosi and cross at the bottom of the crypt . Stay close, satisfying the body of the crypt , yak continues to the front to the area of ​​​​the inter-sleeve opening, de podіlyaєtsya on the steps of the crypt . Stand at the sight of large cylindrical strands to pass in a curved arc in front of the oropharyngeal tubercle and behind the anterior cerebral commissure. pierce at the glybin and end in the papillary bodies.

Limbichna system

Before the limbic system, a number of cortical and podkirkovyh tufts are brought, as if they are so called “hipocampal colo” (colo of Papets).

Cortical structures include:

1. Belt zvivina or upper limbic zvivina.

2. Parahippocampal zvivina or lower limbic zvivina.

3. Hippocampus .

4. Gear zvivina .

5. Strichkova Zvivina .

Sered pidkirkovyh tutelage to the limbic system bring:

1. Nyukhov tsibulina, tract and tricutnik.

2. Almighty-like body .

3. Anterior and medial nuclei of the thoracic tuberosity .

4. Kernels of the transparent septum .

5. Kernels of appearance .

6. Papillary body .

7. Intermediate nucleus of the middle brain .

8. Central sira speech to the water supply to the brain .

9. The system of guiding paths, yakі zabezpechuyut zv'yazok mіzh tsimi utvochennyami, moreover, the main provіdny path - sklepinnya.

The limbic system is closely related to the reticular formation of the brain stem both structurally and functionally. At once, the stench will come together to understand Limbo-reticular complex.

In the limbic system, the entire flow of sensory information flows in the form of an interota of exteroreceptors, including the receptor fields of the organs. On this basis, here you can see first synthesis of information about the mill of the internal medium of the body and about the factor of the external medium, which is injected into the body, and are formed elementary needs(for example, use water and water, self-defense then). You need biological motivation (motive - spontaneously) for a singing type of behavior (for example, poshuk їzhi) that is accompanied by specific emotional challenges. Depending on the reach of the result, emotions can be both positive and negative. In other words, they always stick together indiscriminately “I want” and actually “I can”. That is why such a behavior, which can have a specific biological reason - the motive and the emotional burden, took away the name emotional and motivational behavior. It is one of the main functions of the limbic system of the brain. Satisfaction of biological needs is directed to support homeostasis and, hence, the survival of the biological system. The control of the internal environment is ensured by the vegetative and endocrine systems, and limbic system, in such a manner ensures the regulation of vegetative-visceral-humoral waters.

As soon as the limbic system begins to lay down the rіven svіdomosti, also, the activity of the rukhovyh and mental functions, promote respect, memory, sleeplessness and sleep.

Damage to the limbic system led to pronounced changes in the emotional sphere, vegetative-endocrine disorders, sleep disturbance, memory. Pathological processes, connected with the failures of one of the limbs of the limbic system, lead to gross breakdowns in the memory, like a breakdown in the memory of the flow paths. Follow the memory in 2-3 hvilin. Well, read it, feel like it’s forgotten, just like the past, fixed in the period of health, it’s easy to reconcile.

The sniff brain, rhinencephalon, is the phylogenetically most recent part of the anterior cerebellum, which vinicles have a connection with the scent analyzer, if the anterior cerebellum does not become

organ of the creature's behavior. Z tsієї cause all the components of yoga є different parts scent analyzer.

In rib maize, the entire anterior brain is the organ of smell. With the development of a new measles, which is expected from the same people, a new part of the anterior cerebellum develops.

neencephalon) - raincoat, pallidum. Ale and a cloak to go through its old path of development and to avenge three parts of a different phylogenetic age. Older parts:

1. Paleopallum, to enter the warehouse of the crown section. The head of the Danes was roztashovuvavsya on the lateral surface of the pivkul, ale nadali, under the inflow strongly

neopallium swells, flaring up into cowbas-like light - the hippocampus and moving medially into the empty flank of the terminal brain at the sight of yoga

lower horn. The hippocampus is covered by an old bark, paleocortex.

2. Archipallium - a small patch of measles on the ventral surface of the frontal part, which lies near bulbus olfactorius and is covered with old bark, archicortex.

3. Neopallium, a new cloak, at the bark, neocortex, appeared more centers of scent - kіrkovі kіnci analyzer. Tse - uncus, which is a part of the crypt

zvivini.

As a result, the scent brain of a person can be avenged by a low estrangement of a different journey, as topographically it can be divided into two branches. peripheral

vіddіl - tse nyukhova part, lobus olfactorius, under which there is obviously a row of women, recumbent walking from the brain:

1) bulbus olfactorius;

2) tractus olfactorius;

3) trigonum olfactorium;

4) substantia perforata anterior.

Central viddil - tse zvivini brain:

1) parahippocampal zvivina, gyrus parahippocampalis;

2) toothed zvivina, gyrus dentatus;

3) a crypt of a serpentine, gyrus fornicatus, with an anterior part - a hack, uncus, ruffled near the skeletal pole.

Bichni shlunochki

In pivcules of the terminal brain, they lie below the level of the corpus callosum, symmetrically on the sides of the middle line, two flanks, ventriculus lateralis, water

upper lateral superficial pivculus of the ductus medulla. Empty skin lateral duct in the form of pivculi: it begins in the frontal part

in front of the anterior horn, which is bent down and to the lateral side, cornu anterius, the stars of the outside through the region of the thymus part stretch under the name of the central part, pars centralis

on the rіvnі (at the comrade's skronevy part) and the back rіg, cornu posterius (near the potile lobe).

The medial wall of the anterior horn is adorned with septum pellucidum, so that the anterior horn is reinforced by the same horn of the other pivculus.

The lateral wall and often the bottom of the anterior horn are occupied gray color the head of the caudate nucleus, caput nuclei caudati, and the upper wall is made up of fibers

corpus callosum. The bottom of the central, naive part of the biceps duct is also formed from the fibers of the corpus callosum, the bottom is formed from the continuation of the caudate nucleus,

corpus nuclei caudati, that part of the upper surface of the thalamus. The posterior ridge of the exudates is a ball of white nerve fibers, which looks like from the corpus callosum, the so-called tapetum

(covered); on the yogo medial wall there is a commemorative roller - a bird spur, calcar avis, tucked into the side of the sulcus calcarinus, which is found on the medial surface

pivkulі. The upper-lateral wall of the lower horn becomes tapetum, which makes it possible to continue the same process, which is similar to the posterior horn. From the medial side to

the upper wall passes down to the bottom and in front of the thinned part of the caudate nucleus - cauda nuclei caudati.

Stretch along the medial wall of the lower horn white color podnesennia - hippocampus

the name sulcus hippocampi comes into play. The anterior end of the hippocampus is divided by furrows into a sprat of small humpbacks. The medial edge of the hippocampus goes like this

the name is fringe, fimbria hippocampi, which represents the continuation of the crus fornicis.

At the bottom of the lower horn there is a roller, eminencia collateralis, which looks like a depression of the ring of a single furrow. From the medial side of the flank in yoga

the central part of that lower rіg is penetrated by the soft tunic of the tunic, which fills the plexus choroideus ventriculi lateralis in this space. Cover gossip with epithelium,

are a surplus of the unopened medial wall of the duct. Plexus choroideus ventriculi lateralis is the lateral edge of the tela choroidea ventriculi tertii.

Sniffing brain - you see that understand. Classification and specialty of the category "Nyuk's brain" 2017, 2018.

Biology and genetics

Behind the current manifestations in the process of evolution of the spinal scent on the basis of the scent brain, it acted as an organizer of the whole functions of the formation of all insanely reflex reactions of the instincts: . A new morphofunctional association was formed for the scent brain: emotional and motivational behavior; foldable behavior, tied up with a change of phases ...

sniff brain

Nyukhovy brain, yogo central and peripheral vіddіli.

Behind the collapses in the process in the process of the spinning of the nyuh on the basics of the cerebral cerebral, the organized engineer of the cerebral functions, the former formuns of the unprofitably reflex reacts (ilstintink): orientes, defense, kharchovikh, sexy -like ts.

A new morpho-functional integration was formed to the nose of the scent brain - the limbic system or the visceral brain, which would secure people such power:

1. emotional and motivational behavior;
2. foldable behavior, connected with the change of phases of sleeplessness and sleep, operational and long-term memory, intuition, the creation of offspring;
3. regulating infusion on the cerebrospinal and subcutaneous structures of the brain for the necessary vitality of the sciatica activity.

The central branch of the olfactory brain and limbic system includes:

1. is explained by that parahippocampal zvivini, gachok, toothed zvivina;
2. opercular shaped frontal, thym'yanoy part, skronevy pole, orbital zvivini, ostrivets;
3. basal nucleus, hippocampus, hypothalamus, septal prosora, reticular formation.

To the peripheral vіddіlu lie:

1. scented cibulini, tracts, trikutniks;
2. the anterior cerebellum, the speech is perforated;
3. scented scents: lateral, medial, diagonal, intermediate.

Sniff view analyzer:

1. receptor vіddelom in the warehouse of neuro-sniffing, subtractive, basal clitins and sniffing ridges, which are located in the scent field of the mucus emptying of the nose, in the region of the upper nasal passage and the upper part of the nasal septum;
2. through the olfactory nerve: 15-20 olfactory filaments pass through the fragility of the cyst into the anterior cranial fossa and further to the peripheral tract of the olfactory cerebellum.
3. Sniffing cibulins with mitral clitins, sniffing tracts and tricutniks together with the anterior perforated rhechovina and partly with the hippocampus form substructures of the sniff analyzer.
4. The cortical tip (nucleus) is found on the lower skeletal surface in the region of the tuft of the parahippocampal ring (fields A and E) and often in the hippocampus (field 11).

The mechanism of scent spraying is realized with the help of the spacious odorous molecules of the form of receptor cells to lie on the surface of the scent villi of neurosensory cells, i.e. with the help of an additional stereochemical effect during the implementation of mint, flower, musky, ethereal, camphor smells. Through the charge of odorous molecules, pungent and putrid odors are realized.

The scent brain, the limbic system, the “visceral brain” can be seen differently from measles and pidkirk’s dens.

1. The ancient cortex (paleocortex) is found in the scent cibulins, the periosity of the septum, and the periamigdolar zone of the skeletal pole.
2. The old cortex (archicortex) is serrated with middles in the lumbar and dentate ridges, the hippocampus.
3. The ancient and old bark (2.8%) is important for modern people heterogeneous through primitive life.
4. The interstitial cortex (mesocortex) expands in the parahippocampal segment and islands.
5. The new bark is found in the great zvivins, crypts, opercular ones.

In subkirk structures of the limbic system, the nuclei from ancient to new nuclear-clitinic chambers are rotting. Close kuli can be seen up to the paleostriatum, the amygdala-like complex - up to the archistriatum, and the scapular and caudate nucleus - up to the neostriatum.

Growths of neurons in the limbic system form high and low paths in sightless closed circles of various diameters and lengths - great and small. For example, the great limbic circle of Paipez includes the hippocampus - the scopal body of the hypothalamus - the anterior thalamic nuclei - the crypt zvivina - the hipocampus. Through great colo learning processes are being implemented: respect, sprinyattya, remembrance, emotional enrichment of information, memory. In a small number: the amygdala-like nucleus - the hypothalamus - the reticular formation of the middle brain - the amygdala-like nucleus is formed by aggressive-defensive, eating, sexual behavior.

You can request another classification of limbic structures:

1. anatomical layout with views of two parts: basal and skeletal (near the corpus callosum);
2. anatomically and functionally - with the anterior joint along the lower and medial surfaces of the frontal part, which regulates behavior, is associated with eating, emotions, sex and the posterior joint (back parts of the crypt and hippocampus), de realizuetsya folding behavior, memory, intuition.
3. At the cortex of the orbital zvivins, the island, the skeletal pole, the life of the individual is saved (self-saving instinct); at the explanatory link, the hippocampus - saving the mind and generative function.

All structures of the visceral brain accept neuron terminals, which can be seen biogenic amines: dopamine, serotonin, norepinephrine, kinin and other. Their delivery is carried out by axons, formed into bundles: dopaminergic, serotonergic, noradrenalineergic.

In this way, the visceral brain, integrating autonomic functions in the mind, forms a whole reaction of the person to the external and internal stimuli that are manifested in different types situational behaviour.

12

Topographically, the scent brain is divided into two divisions: peripheral and central.

Before peripheral child be seen:

Nyukhova cibulina, bulbus olfactorius;

sniff tract, tractus olfactorius;

scent tricot, trigonum olfactorium;

The anterior mouth is perforated, substantia perforata anterior.

Central Viddil:

Sklepinchasta zvivina, gyrus fornicatus;

Toothed zvivina, gyrus dentatus;

Hippocampus, hippocampus.

The main passageways of the scent brain are sealed with crypts, as if they were started by the narrow-eyed fringe of the amon horn. From the skin side, the stench rises from the lower horn of the flank to splenium corporis callosi and cross at the bottom of the crypt . Stay close, satisfying the body of the crypt , yak continues to the front to the area of ​​​​the inter-sleeve opening, de podіlyaєtsya on the steps of the crypt . Stand at the sight of large cylindrical strands to pass in a curved arc in front of the oropharyngeal tubercle and behind the anterior cerebral commissure. pierce at the glybin and end in the papillary bodies.

Limbichna system

Before the limbic system, a number of cortical and podkirkovyh tufts are brought, as if they are so called “hipocampal colo” (colo of Papets).

Cortical structures include:

1. Belt zvivina or upper limbic zvivina.

2. Parahippocampal zvivina or lower limbic zvivina.

3. Hippocampus .

4. Gear zvivina .

5. Strichkova Zvivina .

Sered pidkirkovyh tutelage to the limbic system bring:

1. Nyukhov tsibulina, tract and tricutnik.

2. Almighty-like body .

3. Anterior and medial nuclei of the thoracic tuberosity .

4. Kernels of the transparent septum .

5. Kernels of appearance .

6. Papillary body .

7. Intermediate nucleus of the middle brain .

8. Central sira speech to the water supply to the brain .

9. The system of guiding paths, yakі zabezpechuyut zv'yazok mіzh tsimi utvochennyami, moreover, the main provіdny path - sklepinnya.

The limbic system is closely related to the reticular formation of the brain stem both structurally and functionally. At once, the stench will come together to understand Limbo-reticular complex.

In the limbic system, the entire flow of sensory information flows in the form of an interota of exteroreceptors, including the receptor fields of the organs. On this basis, here you can see first synthesis of information about the mill of the internal medium of the body and about the factor of the external medium, which is injected into the body, and are formed elementary needs(for example, use water and water, self-defense then). You need biological motivation (motive - spontaneously) for a singing type of behavior (for example, poshuk їzhi) that is accompanied by specific emotional challenges. Depending on the reach of the result, emotions can be both positive and negative. In other words, they always stick together indiscriminately “I want” and actually “I can”. That is why such a behavior, which can have a specific biological reason - the motive and the emotional burden, took away the name emotional and motivational behavior. It is one of the main functions of the limbic system of the brain. Satisfaction of biological needs is directed to support homeostasis and, hence, the survival of the biological system. The control of the internal environment is ensured by the vegetative and endocrine systems, and limbic system, in such a manner ensures the regulation of vegetative-visceral-humoral waters.

As soon as the limbic system begins to lay down the rіven svіdomosti, also, the activity of the rukhovyh and mental functions, promote respect, memory, sleeplessness and sleep.

Damage to the limbic system led to pronounced changes in the emotional sphere, vegetative-endocrine disorders, sleep disturbance, memory. Pathological processes, connected with the failures of one of the limbs of the limbic system, lead to gross breakdowns in the memory, like a breakdown in the memory of the flow paths. Follow the memory in 2-3 hvilin. Well, read it, feel like it’s forgotten, just like the past, fixed in the period of health, it’s easy to reconcile.

Sniff brain, rhinencephalon, є phylogenetically the most recent part of the anterior cerebellum, which was linked to the scent analyzer, if the anterior cerebellum did not become an organ of the creature's behavior. Therefore, all components are different parts of the scent analyzer (understanding about the analyzer of the div. "Morphological basis of localization of functions").

In rib maize, the entire anterior brain is the organ of smell. With the development of new measles, which is guarded by the same people, a new part of the anterior cerebellum develops (Neencephalon) - raincoat, pallium. Ale and a cloak to go through its old path of development and to avenge three parts of a different phylogenetic age. Older parts:

1. paleopallium, to enter the warehouse of the skeletal part sya medially into the empty lateral duct of the terminal brain at the viglyadі vipinannya yogo lower horn. Hippocampus pokritii old bark, paleocortex.

2. Archipallium- a small patch of measles on the ventral surface of the frontal part, which lies nearby bulbus olfactorius and covered with old bark, archicortex.

3. Neopallium, a new cloak, at the bark of which, neocortex, appeared another center of scent - Kirkovsky kіnci analyzer. Tse - uncus, which is a part of the sklepinchastoy zvivini.

As a result, the scent brain of a person can be avenged by a low estrangement of a different journey, as topographically it can be divided into two branches. Peripheral wіddіl - tse nyukhova part, lobus olfactorius, under which it is obvious a row of women, recumbent walking from the brain: 1) bulbus olfactorius; 2) tractus olfactorius; 3) trigonum olfactorium; 4) substantia perforata anterior.

Central vіddіl - tse zvivini mozku: 1) parahippocampal zvivina, gyrus parahippocampali s; 2) toothed zvivina, gyrus dentatus; 3) sklepinchasta zvivina, gyrus fornicatus, with the anterior її part ripped near the skeletal pole - hook, uncus.