French coins range from levre to euro.

Aesthetic cosmetology

In France there are two types of penny units: the French Pacific franc and the euro.

Let’s try to get back to you so that you can be offended by a single penny, and exchange currency more quickly, and also learn a little about its transactions.

French Pacific franc

The named currency of France was respected from the end of the 14th century until 2002.

Since then, the official currency of France has become the euro, and in some overseas Pacific territories the French franc is currently continuing its existence.

Hundreds of francs

This penny unit of France took away this name after the release from the captivity of King John II during the Hundred War.

One Pacific franc is equal to ten decimes and one hundred centimes.

Ostannі translated from French means the hundredth part of something.

Sentim, having spent its function as a coin of exchange, is practically not traded anywhere, and such currency is not officially registered.

Euro (currency symbol: €; bank code: EUR) is the official penny unit of the European Union (EU), used in the territory of 15 powers known as the “Eurozone” (Austria, Belgium, Cyprus , Finland, France, Germany, Greece , Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Malta, the Netherlands, Portugal, Slovenia, Spain).

Also, the euro is traded in 9 other countries around the world, 7 of which are in Europe.

Thus, this is the legal currency of more than 320 million Europeans.

Insurance territories, which trade currencies based on the euro exchange rate, have as many as 500 million people around the world dependent on the euro.

With a turnover of 610 billion euros since 2006, the euro is the currency with the largest global currency, ahead of the US dollar.

In 1999, the world's financial markets introduced the euro as a commercial currency, and since 1st June 2002, it was launched into banknotes and coins.

The euro replaced the former European Currency Unit (ECU) in a one-to-one relationship.

The euro is made up of 100 cents (sometimes called eurocents, especially for its division as US cents or other currencies in the surrounding country).

All euro coins in circulation (including the €2 commemorative coins) have a side that shows the value of the first 15 EU countries.

From 2007 to 2008 (depending on the country where the coin was issued), this “old” map was replaced with a map of Europe, which depicts countries that did not reach the EU, such as Norway.

The coins also have a national side with special images chosen by the edge that the coin was issued.

Euro coins from any country can be highly sought after by all powers that have praised the euro.

Euro coins are issued in denominations of €2, €1, €0.50, €0.20, €0.10, €0.05, €0.02 and €0.01.

In the Netherlands and Finland, by law, all transactions for cooking are rounded to the nearest five cents, in order to eliminate the difference between €0.02 and €0.01 (The same article on linguistics, which amounts to the euro.)

Commemorative coins with a nominal value of €2 were issued with changes in the design of the national side of the coin - in connection with the Summer Olympic Games held in Greece.

These two euro coins are legal means of payment throughout the Eurozone.

Coins of a different denomination were also issued, but were designated for widespread mintage.

Coins issued later may be legally recovered only in the territory of the mining region.

Nіmechchina

Greece

Italy

Spain

Cyprus

France

Netherlands

Portugal

Austria

Ireland

Belgium

San Marino

Slovenia
Luxembourg

Payments with credit/debit cards and cash withdrawals from ATMs throughout Europe also apply to the same tariff.

The ECB did not standardize the processing of payments for “paper” payment orders, such as checks;

the stench is still no longer present within the borders of the border.
The ECB has installed the TARGET clearing system (Trans-European Automated Express System of Gross Distributions in Real Time) for large transactions in the euro.
5 Euro
10 Euro
20 Euro
50 Euro
100 euro

200 euros

500 Euro

Graphic image of the euro

A special graphic sign of the euro (€) was designed based on the results of the public opinion, choosing two options out of ten.

And then the European Commission chose one of them as the remaining option.

The project that changed was created by the Belgian Alain Bile.

The official version of the creation of the euro sign is endorsed by Arthur Eisenmenger, who was a leading graphic designer of the EU, who claims that he created this sign as an occult symbol of Europe.

Together with the European Commission, this symbol is a “combination of the Greek letter “Epsilon”, which means the significance of European civilization, the letter “E” (from the word “Europe”) parallel lines in the appearance of the “equal” sign, which means the stability of the euro.”

In addition, the European Commission determined the exact dimensions of the Euro logo based on the assigned colors for the background of the same sign.

Economies that took part in the creation of the euro - Robert Mundel, Wim Duesenberg, Robert Tollison, Neil Dowling, Fred Arditt and Tomaso Padoa-Schiopa (Macroeconomic theory, to be honest).

Through the difference in national rates, all exchange rates between national currencies are carried out through the exchange rate of the euro.

The exact value of these currencies in the euro (with exchange rates established at the time the euro was introduced) is indicated in the right hand.

The exchange rates were determined by the Council of the European Union, based on the market rate on 31 June 1998, so that one ecu was equal to one euro.

(The European Currency Unit was a separate unit of the EU; it was based on the national currencies of the member states; it was not an independent currency.) Foreign European Union 2866/98 (EC) dated 31 April 1998. established such exchange rates.

The replacement period, when old banknotes and coins were exchanged for euros, lasted nearly two months, until February 28, 2002. The official date of recognition of national currencies as a legal means of payment in both countries varied.

Nimechchina became the leading region.

On April 31, 2001, the brand officially stopped trading, although the exchange period lasted for another two months.

• February 28, 2002 - this is the date of completion of the replacement, if all national currencies ceased to be legal means of payment in the countries of the Eurozone.
• However, after the official date, all currencies continued to be accepted in the central banks of European countries with or without restrictions, for example, in Austria, Germany, Ireland and Spain.
• The first coins to come out of circulation were the Portuguese escudo, which were minted after 31 June 2002, although banknotes continue to be exchanged until 2022.
• The currencies of many countries and many colonies of EU powers are based on the euro.
• Among them are French Polynesia, New Caledonia, Wallis and Futuna (CFA franc), Cape Verde, the Comoros Islands and fourteen powers of Central and Western Africa (CFA franc).

Watch "Stored currencies from the euro."

Regardless of those who do not accept the euro as a legal means of payment in Denmark and Great Britain, many shops in these countries accept the euro, especially international department stores in major cities and in Pivnichna stores. Ireland, bordering the Irish Republic, where the euro is the official currency.

The euro is also widely used in Switzerland, as well as in sovereign organizations such as the Swiss Salaries.

• Prospects
• Countries that joined the EU before 2004
• From the entry of Greece in 2001 to the expansion of the EU in 2004. Denmark, Sweden and Great Britain lost the only EU members that retained their national currency.
• Great Britain decided to withdraw the pound sterling from the EU (predecessor of EU II) from the Black Middle (16 June 1992) through the plutany between its parity indicator and economic behavior, and the pound did not enter until EU II.

Countries that joined the EU after 2004

Since 2008, nine more powers have joined the EU with their own currency;

• However, in all these countries, they are pushing for a transition to the euro after the year of accession.
• Some of these countries have already joined the exchange rate control mechanism of the European Economic Partnership, EEC II.
• They plan to join the Eurozone in an offensive manner (EU III):
• 1 June 2009 - Slovakia

1 June 2010 - Lithuania

1 June 2011 - Estonia,

1 June 2012 and later - Bulgaria, Ugorshchina, Latvia, Czech Republic, Poland and Rumunia.

The entry of Lithuania and Estonia, planned for June 1, 2007, was due to the high rates of inflation in these countries.

Some of these currencies have a floating rate in relation to the euro, while others were unilaterally linked to the euro rate before joining the EU II.

For more detailed information, see the article “Mechanism for controlling the exchange rate of the European Economic Partnership, exchange rate to the euro and other articles about currencies.”

Initially, the Czech Republic planned to reach EU II in 2008 or 2009, but the official order officially set the date until 2010, declaring that the country would not be able to meet economic criteria earlier oh term.

Until the middle of the XIV century.

France is not small in its penny unit; the penny system was based on Roman gold coins - denarii, which is explained by the historical peculiarities of the formation of the French state.

For a long time, most of the current territory of France was inhabited by the Celtic tribes of the Gauls.

In the middle there is 1 tbsp. BC

They were conquered by Julius Caesar, and the Romans named this region Gaul.

During the fall of Rome, one of the most powerful German tribes - the Franks (then Vilna) conquered Gaul, and in the 5th century.

Suddenly, Paper's pennies appeared less than 70 years later.

Born in 1790-1796

The French revolutionary government issued paper pennies - assignati (lat. assigno - I agree).

At 1790 r. The notes were valued in 1796. were supplemented by other paper money - territorial mandates.

RUR 1,795 The main penny unit became the franc.

At the start of the First World War, the penny system of France began a period of progressive demonetization of gold.

5 serpnya 1914 r. A law was passed that regulated the exchange of Bank of France banknotes for gold and gave it the right to issue banknotes at a premium rate.

During the war, gold coins almost completely disappeared from the penny circulation channels and were replaced by fiat banknotes, which were used to finance the government's military expenditures and stimulated the development of inflationary processes. sv.

The period of stabilization of the franc began in 1926, when the state budget was balanced with the help of additional taxes, which reduced the demand for the paper-credit system.

Through the war of deflationary policies, the pennymas of 1926-1927.

The period of the Other World War is characterized by high rates of inflation, due to significant increases in the banknote supply, due to the need to establish superordinate positions in the order.

During the war period there were repeated devaluations of the franc, caused by both external and internal factors, which led to the need for penny reform.

On the cob 1960 r. The franc was denominated.

The new franc gained 100 old francs and removed gold from 0.18 grams of pure gold, moving up the dollar in new francs.

• In the spring of 1969 The French government published a “recovery plan” that would reduce domestic growth, reduce the budget deficit and increase exports.
• The beginning of the credit restriction was again stopped (the Bank of France rate was raised in 1969 from 6 to 8%; bank and living loans were cut off), and the reduction of the budget deficit was driven by taxes.
• Prote devaluation of the franc in 1969. And further advances did not eliminate the root inflation, the increase in unit prices was troubling.
• Beginning from this period, France entered the period of operation of the paper-credit penny system.

The current penny farm of France took place in two great stages: the beast of the franc until the year 2002. and the upcoming transition to a single currency, the euro.

The structure of the penny market in France is divided into two main concepts: penny stock and liquid cash of the economy.

The structure of the penny mass is characterized by a decrease in the portion of banknotes and coins and increased deposits to the supply and stability of the portion of the mailboxes of postal checks.

• Currently, France has three main channels for issuing groschen:
• bank lending to the national economy;
• bank lending to the power through banknotes issued under government bonds;

Issue of banknotes in response to the increase in official gold and foreign exchange reserves

Before the changeover, there were banknotes in denominations of 20, 50, 100, 200 and 500 francs.

As an unprepared way, checks, banknotes, and credit cards are widely used in France.

Since 1st September 2002 The French franc was devalued and replaced by a single European currency - the euro.

Having been a member of the European Economic Partnership since 1957, France has gradually reached this point, taking an active part in all reforms.

Thus, since June 1, 2002, the French franc is no longer the legal means of payment in France, but has taken its place in favor of the euro.

The stages of development of the French financial system are presented in Fig.

• 4.4.
• Small
• 4.4.
• Current stages of development of the French financial system
• France's currency is euro (€).

You can only pay in euros in the country.

Reference prices in France

• Dinner with wine at a good restaurant: 50 €
• Dinner at a good restaurant: 25-40 €
• Set meal at a cafe: 5-10 €
• Flavored wine dance: 5-10 €
• Baguette: 1 €
• Sir per market (300 g): 5 €
• Pack of cigarettes: 6 €

Bank cards in France

It is reasonable to put part of the money on a bank card, especially since with additional cards in France you can pay not only for purchases of food at restaurants, but also for museums, as well as transport vouchers.

France is bad at processing cards without a microchip.
To avoid problems, take your credit card with you,
which, in addition to magnetic dark brown, has a chip.

Currency exchange in France

In France, pennies can be exchanged at branch banks and exchange offices located at airports, train stations, and large stores.

In French, exchange offices are called bureaux de change.

At airports and train stations the rate is the lowest.
It is important to note not only the course, but also the importance of the commission.
It is also important to remember that the exchange rate often lies in the amount that will be exchanged.

You can also sign up for your Visa and MasterCard credit cards at any ATM.

This can be done manually, but you need to ensure that your bank charges you a hundred per transaction.

It’s better to exchange some pennies before the trip,

so that the mother has a sufficient amount of ready-made euros.

It is impossible to exchange dollars and rubles from France.

Banks of France

Banks in France open 09:00-12:00 and 14:00-17:00. Banks do not open during the week, on Holy Days and the Holy Days before.

The history of the French franc, as the currency of France before the euro, will last a long time.

The franc was first introduced into circulation in 1360 by the French king Jean II. We are pleased to honor his redemption from the English coin, which was lost after the Battle of Poitiers in 1356. The first French coins were worth 3.87 grams.

These pennies were in circulation in France for about 3 centuries until the French king Louis XIII in 1641 cashed these coins and issued a new “golden Louis” and “eka” (from the French “coat of arms”).

However, the people continued to use the word “franc” as the name of new coins.

Clock of the French Revolution

At the end of the 18th century, the Great Revolution began in France.

In 1795, at the National Convention, the franc again officially renewed its rights and designations as the official coin of France.

In 1800, the Bank of France was created, and the official national currency of France demonstrated its stability.

Since 1803, the French franc has been based not only on gold, but also on silver, with which the value of the gold franc was greater than the value of silver coins for 15 times.

In 1960, based on the increasing value of old banknotes, a new French franc was created, the value of which was estimated at 100 old francs.

All the old penny units continued to circulate, but the abbreviation NF appeared in the new francs.

This approach was accompanied by a gradual stabilization of the national currency of France, while the other half of the twentieth century was characterized by the same high inflation as most European powers.

In 2002, when the country completely adopted its own currency and switched to the euro, the new French franc was worth less than 12.5% ​​of its primary value.

Many Frenchmen of the old age continued to deduct their penny sums from francs.

During the period of the depreciation of the euro, there was silent speculation in the hour of exchanging old and new penny units for the European currency.

Starting from 1st June 1999, the French currency exchange rate was fixed: for 6.56 francs they gave 1 euro.

Before the advent of the euro, the penny trade in France had French banknotes with the following nominal values: 20, 50, 100, 200 and 500 francs.